ASTM D1067-02
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Acidity or Alkalinity of Water
Standard Test Methods for Acidity or Alkalinity of Water
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of acidity or alkalinity of all types of water. Three test methods are given as follows: SectionsTest Method A (Electrometric Titration) 7 to 15Test Method B (Electrometric or Color-Change Titration) 16 to 24Test Method C (Color-Change Titration After Hydrogen Peroxide Oxidation and Boiling) 25 to 33
1.2 In all of these test methods the hydrogen or hydroxyl ions present in water by virtue of the dissociation or hydrolysis of its solutes, or both, are neutralized by titration with standard alkali (acidity) or acid (alkalinity). Of the three procedures, Test Method A is the most precise and accurate. It is used to develop an electrometric titration curve (sometimes referred to as a pH curve), which defines the acidity or alkalinity of the sample and indicates inflection points and buffering capacity, if any. In addition, the acidity or alkalinity can be determined with respect to any pH of particular interest. The other two methods are used to determine acidity or alkalinity relative to a predesignated end point based on the change in color of an internal indicator or the equivalent end point measured by a pH meter. They are suitable for routine control purposes.
1.3 When titrating to a specific end point, the choice of end point will require a careful analysis of the titration curve, the effects of any anticipated changes in composition on the titration curve, knowledge of the intended uses or disposition of the water, and a knowledge of the characteristics of the process controls involved. While inflection points (rapid changes in pH) are usually preferred for accurate analysis of sample composition and obtaining the best precision, the use of an inflection point for process control may result in significant errors in chemical treatment or process control in some applications. When titrating to a selected end point dictated by practical considerations, (1) only a part of the actual neutralizing capacity of the water may be measured, or (2) this capacity may actually be exceeded in arriving at optimum acidity or alkalinity conditions.
1.4 A scope section is provided in each test method as a guide. It is the responsibility of the analyst to determine the acceptability of these test methods for each matrix.
1.5 Former Test Methods C (Color-Comparison Titration) and D (Color-Change Titration After Boiling) were discontinued. Refer to for historical information.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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An American National Standard
Designation:D 1067–02
Standard Test Methods for
1
Acidity or Alkalinity of Water
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1067; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* applications. When titrating to a selected end point dictated by
2 practical considerations, (1) only a part of the actual neutral-
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of acidity
izing capacity of the water may be measured, or (2) this
or alkalinity of all types of water. Three test methods are given
capacity may actually be exceeded in arriving at optimum
as follows:
acidity or alkalinity conditions.
Sections
1.4 A scope section is provided in each test method as a
Test Method A (Electrometric Titration) 7 to 15
Test Method B (Electrometric or Color-Change Titration) 16 to 24
guide. It is the responsibility of the analyst to determine the
Test Method C (Color-Change Titration After Hydrogen 25 to 33
acceptability of these test methods for each matrix.
Peroxide Oxidation and Boiling)
1.5 Former Test Methods C (Color-Comparison Titration)
1.2 In all of these test methods the hydrogen or hydroxyl
and D (Color-Change Titration After Boiling) were discontin-
ions present in water by virtue of the dissociation or hydrolysis
ued. Refer to Appendix X4 for historical information.
of its solutes, or both, are neutralized by titration with standard
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
alkali (acidity) or acid (alkalinity). Of the three procedures,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Test Method A is the most precise and accurate. It is used to
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
develop an electrometric titration curve (sometimes referred to
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
as a pH curve), which defines the acidity or alkalinity of the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
sample and indicates inflection points and buffering capacity, if
any. In addition, the acidity or alkalinity can be determined 2. Referenced Documents
with respect to any pH of particular interest. The other two
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3
methods are used to determine acidity or alkalinity relative to
D 596 Practice for Reporting Results of Analysis of Water
3
a predesignated end point based on the change in color of an
D 1129 Terminology Relating to Water
internalindicatorortheequivalentendpointmeasuredbyapH
D 1192 Specification for Equipment for Sampling Water
3
meter. They are suitable for routine control purposes.
and Steam in Closed Conduits
1.3 When titrating to a specific end point, the choice of end 3
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
3
point will require a careful analysis of the titration curve, the
D 1293 Test Methods for pH of Water
effects of any anticipated changes in composition on the
D 2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of
3
titration curve, knowledge of the intended uses or disposition
Applicable Methods of Committee D-19 on Water
of the water, and a knowledge of the characteristics of the
D 3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Con-
3
process controls involved. While inflection points (rapid
duits
changes in pH) are usually preferred for accurate analysis of
D 5847 Practice for Writing Quality Control Specifications
4
samplecompositionandobtainingthebestprecision,theuseof
for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis
an inflection point for process control may result in significant
E 200 Practice for Preparation, Standardization, and Stor-
errors in chemical treatment or process control in some
age of Standard and Reagent Solutions for Chemical
5
Analysis
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on 3. Terminology
Water and are the responsibility of Subcommittee D19.05 on Inorganic Constituents
3.1 Definitions—Thetermsinthesetestmethodsaredefined
in Water.
in accordance with Terminology D 1129.
Current edition approved Jan. 10, 2002. Published April 2002. Originally
published as D 1067 – 49. Last previous edition D 1067 – 92(96).
2
The basic procedures used in these test methods have appeared widespread in
3
the technical literature for many years. Only the particular adaptation of the
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01.
4
electrometric titration appearing as the Referee Method is believed to be largely the Annual Book of ASTM Standards , Vol 11.02.
5
work of Committee D-19. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.05.
*A Summary of Changes section ap
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