ASTM D613-13
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel Oil
Standard Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel Oil
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The cetane number provides a measure of the ignition characteristics of diesel fuel oil in compression ignition engines.
5.2 This test method is used by engine manufacturers, petroleum refiners and marketers, and in commerce as a primary specification measurement related to matching of fuels and engines.
5.3 Cetane number is determined at constant speed in a precombustion chamber type compression ignition test engine. The relationship of test engine performance to full scale, variable speed, variable load engines is not completely understood.
5.4 This test method may be used for unconventional fuels such as synthetics, vegetable oils, and the like. However, the relationship to the performance of such materials in full scale engines is not completely understood.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the rating of diesel fuel oil in terms of an arbitrary scale of cetane numbers using a standard single cylinder, four-stroke cycle, variable compression ratio, indirect injected diesel engine.
1.2 The cetane number scale covers the range from zero (0) to 100, but typical testing is in the range of 30 to 65 cetane number.
1.3 The values for operating conditions are stated in SI units and are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are the historical inch-pound units for information only. In addition, the engine measurements continue to be in inch-pound units because of the extensive and expensive tooling that has been created for these units.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For more specific warning statements, see Annex A1.
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Designation: D613 − 13
Designation:41/2000
Standard Test Method for
1
Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel Oil
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D613; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
Petroleum Products
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the rating
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
of diesel fuel oil in terms of an arbitrary scale of cetane
E542 Practice for Calibration of Laboratory Volumetric
numbers using a standard single cylinder, four-stroke cycle,
Apparatus
variable compression ratio, indirect injected diesel engine.
E832 Specification for Laboratory Filter Papers
1.2 The cetane number scale covers the range from zero (0)
to 100, but typical testing is in the range of 30 to 65 cetane
3. Terminology
number.
3.1 Definitions:
1.3 ThevaluesforoperatingconditionsarestatedinSIunits
3.1.1 acceptedreferencevalue(ARV),n—avaluethatserves
and are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in
as an agreed-upon reference for comparison, and which is
parentheses are the historical inch-pound units for information
derived as: (1) a theoretical or established value, based on
only. In addition, the engine measurements continue to be in
scientific principles, or (2) an assigned or certified value, based
inch-pound units because of the extensive and expensive
on experimental work of some national or international
tooling that has been created for these units.
organization, or (3) a consensus or certified value, based on
collaborative experimental work under the auspices of a
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
scientific or engineering group. E456
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.1.1 Discussion—In the context of this test method,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
accepted reference value is understood to apply to the cetane
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For more specific number of specific reference materials determined empirically
under reproducibility conditions by the National Exchange
warning statements, see Annex A1.
Group or another recognized exchange testing organization.
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.2 cetane number (CN), n—a measure of the ignition
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
performance of a diesel fuel oil obtained by comparing it to
D975 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils reference fuels in a standardized engine test. D4175
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
3.1.2.1 Discussion—In the context of this test method,
D2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products ignition performance is understood to mean the ignition delay
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and of the fuel as determined in a standard test engine under
Petroleum Products controlled conditions of fuel flow rate, injection timing and
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum compression ratio.
Products, and Lubricants
3.1.3 compression ratio (CR), n—the ratio of the volume of
the combustion chamber including the precombustion chamber
withthepistonatbottomdeadcentertothecomparablevolume
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
with the piston at top dead center.
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.01 on Combustion Characteristics.
3.1.4 ignition delay, n—that period of time, expressed in
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2013. Published December 2013. Originally
degrees of crank angle rotation, between the start of fuel
ε1
approved in 1941. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D613 – 10a . DOI:
injection and the start of combustion.
10.1520/D0613-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3.1.5 injection timing (injection advance), n—that time in
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
the combustion cycle, measured in degrees of crank angle, at
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. which fuel injection into the combustion chamber is initiated.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D613 − 13
3.1.6 repeatability conditions, n—condit
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D613 − 10a D613 − 13
Designation: 41/2000
Standard Test Method for
1
Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel Oil
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D613; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1
ε NOTE—Editorial changes were made to subsection 8.3 in August 2013.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the rating of diesel fuel oil in terms of an arbitrary scale of cetane numbers
using a standard single cylinder, four-stroke cycle, variable compression ratio, indirect injected diesel engine.
1.2 The cetane number scale covers the range from zero (0) to 100, but typical testing is in the range of 30 to 65 cetane number.
1.3 The values for operating conditions are stated in SI units and are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in
parentheses are the historical inch-pound units for information only. In addition, the engine measurements continue to be in
inch-pound units because of the extensive and expensive tooling that has been created for these units.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For more specific warning statements, see Annex A1.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D975 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum Products, and Lubricants
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
E542 Practice for Calibration of Laboratory Volumetric Apparatus
E832 Specification for Laboratory Filter Papers
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 accepted reference value (ARV), n—a value that serves as an agreed-upon reference for comparison, and which is derived
as: (1) a theoretical or established value, based on scientific principles, or (2) an assigned or certified value, based on experimental
work of some national or international organization, or (3) a consensus or certified value, based on collaborative experimental work
under the auspices of a scientific or engineering group. E456
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.01 on Combustion Characteristics.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010Dec. 1, 2013. Published November 2010December 2013. Originally approved in 1941. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as
ε1
D613D613 – 10a –10. DOI: 10.1520/D0613-10AE01.10.1520/D0613-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D613 − 13
In the context of this test method, accepted reference value is understood to apply to the cetane number of specific reference
materials determined empirically under reproducibility conditions by the National Exchange Group or another recognized
exchange testing organization.
3.1.2 cetane number (CN), n—a measure of the ignition performance of a diesel fuel oil obtained by comparing it to reference
fuels in a standardized engine test. D4175
3.1.2.1 Discussion—
In the context of this test method, ignition performance is understood to mean the ignition delay of the fuel as determined in a
standard test engine under controlled conditions of fuel flow rate, injection timing and compression ratio.
3.1.3 compression ratio (CR), n—the ratio of the volume of the combustion chamber including the precombustion chamber with
the piston at bottom
...
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