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ASTM C311-04

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Fly Ash or Natural Pozzolans for Use in Portland-Cement Concrete

Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Fly Ash or Natural Pozzolans for Use in Portland-Cement Concrete

SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for sampling and testing fly ash and raw or calcined pozzolans for use in portland-cement concrete.
1.2 The procedures appear in the following order:  SectionsSampling7 CHEMICAL ANALYSISReagents and apparatus10Moisture content11 and 12Loss on ignition13 and 14Silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, iron oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, sulfur trioxide, sodium oxide and potassium oxide15Available alkali16 and 17 PHYSICAL TESTSDensity18Fineness19Increase of drying shrinkage of mortar bars20 to 22Soundness23Air-entrainment of mortar24 and 25Strength activity index with portland cement26 to 29Water requirement30Effectiveness of Fly Ash or Natural Pozzolan in Controlling Alkali-Silica Reactions31Effectiveness of Fly Ash or Natural Pozzolan in Contributing to Sulfate Resistance33
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory information. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Jun-2004
ICS
91.100.30 - Concrete and concrete products
Technical Committee
C09 - Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
Drafting Committee
C09.24 - Supplementary Cementitious Materials
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM C311-02 - Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Fly Ash or Natural Pozzolans for Use as a Mineral Admixture in Portland-Cement Concrete
Effective Date
01-Jul-2004
Replaced By
ASTM C311-05 - Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Fly Ash or Natural Pozzolans for Use in Portland-Cement Concrete
Effective Date
15-Dec-2005
Referred By
ASTM E2060-22 - Standard Guide for Use of Coal Combustion Products for Solidification/Stabilization of Inorganic Wastes
Effective Date
01-Jul-2004
Referred By
ASTM E2278-13(2019) - Standard Guide for Use of Coal Combustion Products (CCPs) for Surface Mine Reclamation: Revegetation and Mitigation of Acid Mine Drainage
Effective Date
01-Jul-2004
Referred By
ASTM E2243-13(2019) - Standard Guide for Use of Coal Combustion Products (CCPs) for Surface Mine Reclamation: Re-contouring and Highwall Reclamation
Effective Date
01-Jul-2004
Referred By
ASTM E3183-19 - Standard Guide for Harvesting Coal Combustion Products Stored in Active and Inactive Storage Areas for Beneficial Use
Effective Date
01-Jul-2004
Referred By
ASTM E2277-14(2019) - Standard Guide for Design and Construction of Coal Ash Structural Fills
Effective Date
01-Jul-2004

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ASTM C311-04 - Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Fly Ash or Natural Pozzolans for Use in Portland-Cement ConcreteASTM C311-04 - Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Fly Ash or Natural Pozzolans for Use in Portland-Cement Concrete
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ASTM C311-04 - Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Fly Ash or Natural Pozzolans for Use in Portland-Cement Concrete
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:C311–04
Standard Test Methods for
Sampling and Testing Fly Ash or Natural Pozzolans for Use
1
in Portland-Cement Concrete
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 311; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for sampling and 2.1 ASTM Standards:
testing fly ash and raw or calcined pozzolans for use in C 33 Specification for Concrete Aggregates
portland-cement concrete. C 109/C 109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of
1.2 The procedures appear in the following order: Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube
Specimens)
C 114 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic
Sections
Sampling 7
Cement
CHEMICALANALYSIS
C 150 Specification for Portland Cement
Reagents and apparatus 10
C 151 Test Method for Autoclave Expansion of Portland
Moisture content 11 and 12
Loss on ignition 13 and 14
Cement
Silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, iron oxide, calcium oxide,
C 157/C 157M Test Method for Length Change of Hard-
magnesium oxide, sulfur trioxide, sodium oxide
and potassium oxide 15 ened Hydraulic Cement, Mortar, and Concrete
Available alkali 16 and 17
C 185 Test Method for Air Content of Hydraulic Cement
PHYSICAL TESTS
Mortar
Density 18
Fineness 19 C 188 Test Method for Density of Hydraulic Cement
Increase of drying shrinkage of mortar bars 20 to 22
C 204 Test Method for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by
Soundness 23
Air Permeability Apparatus
Air-entrainment of mortar 24 and 25
Strength activity index with portland cement 26 to 29 C 226 Specification forAir-EntrainingAdditions for Use in
Water requirement 30
the Manufacture of Air-Entraining Hydraulic Cement
Effectiveness of Fly Ash or Natural Pozzolan in
C 227 Test Method for Potential Alkali Reactivity of
Controlling Alkali-Silica Reactions 31
Effectiveness of Fly Ash or Natural Pozzolan in Cement-Aggregate Combinations (Mortar-Bar Method)
Contributing to Sulfate Resistance 33
C 430 Test Method for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by
the 45-µm (No. 325) Sieve
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the C 441 Test Method for Effectiveness of Pozzolans or
standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for
Ground Blast-Furnace Slag in Preventing Excessive Ex-
information purposes only. pansion of Concrete Due to the Alkali-Silica Reaction
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
C 618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Natural Pozzolan for Use as a Mineral Admixture in
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Concrete
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
C 670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
for Test Methods for Construction Materials
1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes
C 778 Specification for Standard Sand
that provide explanatory information. These notes and foot-
C 1012 Test Method for Length Change of Hydraulic-
notes (excluding those in tables) shall not be considered as
Cement Mortars Exposed to a Sulfate Solution
requirements of this standard.
C 1157 Performance Specification for Hydraulic Cement
C 1437 Test Method for Flow of Hydraulic Cement Mortar
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on
2
Concrete and ConcreteAggregates and are the direct responsibility of Subcommit- For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
tee C09.24 on Supplementary Cementitious Materials. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved July 1, 2004. Published July 2004. Originally approved Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
in 1953. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as C 311 – 02. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C311–04
gravity should not be used.
D 4326 Test Method for Major and Minor Elements in Coal
and Coke Ash By X-Ray Fluorescence
5.2 Hydrated Lime— The hydrated lime used in the tests
shall be reagent-grade calcium hydroxide, 95 % minimum
3. Terminology
calculated as Ca(OH) (Note 2), and have a minimum fineness
2
2
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
of 2500 m /kg as determined in accordance with Tes
...

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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the susceptibility of an aggregate or combination of an aggregate with pozzolan or slag for participation in expansive alkali-silica reaction by measurement of length change of concrete prisms.  
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3.1 This practice describes procedures for providing plane surfaces on the ends of freshly molded concrete cylinders, hardened cylinders, or drilled concrete cores when the end surfaces do not conform with the planeness and perpendicularity requirements of applicable standards. Practice C1231/C1231M describes alternative procedures using unbonded caps or pad caps.
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1.1 This practice covers apparatus, materials, and procedures for capping freshly molded concrete cylinders with neat cement and hardened cylinders and drilled concrete cores with high-strength gypsum paste or sulfur mortar.  
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Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Concrete Cylinders Cast in Place in Cylindrical Molds

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This test method covers the determination of strength of cylindrical concrete specimens that have been molded in place using special molds attached to formwork. A concrete cylinder mold assembly consisting of a mold and a tubular support member is fastened within the concrete formwork prior to placement of the concrete. The elevation of the mold upper edge is adjusted to correspond to the plane of the finished slab surface. The mold support prevents direct contact of the slab concrete with the outside of the mold and permits its easy removal from the hardened concrete. Strength of cast-in-place cylinders may be used for various purposes, such as estimating the load-bearing capacity of slabs, determining the time of form and shore removal, and determining the effectiveness of curing and protection. Consolidation of concrete in the mold may be varied to simulate the conditions of placement. Internal vibration of concrete in the mold is prohibited except under special circumstances.
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1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
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4.1 This test method is of primary significance in determining the acceptability of aggregate with respect to the requirements of Specification C33/C33M.
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1.1 This test method covers the approximate determination of clay lumps and friable particles in aggregates.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
Note 1: Sieve sizes openings are identified by their Specification E11 designation with their alternative Specification E11 designation given in parentheses for information only.  
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ASTM C1701/C1701M-17a(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Infiltration Rate of In Place Pervious Concrete

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Tests performed at the same location across a span of years may be used to detect a reduction of infiltration rate of the pervious concrete, thereby identifying the need for remediation.  
5.2 The infiltration rate obtained by this method is valid only for the localized area of the pavement where the test is conducted. To determine the infiltration rate of the entire pervious pavement multiple locations must be tested and the results averaged.  
5.3 The field infiltration rate is typically established by the design engineer of record and is a function of the design precipitation event.  
5.4 This test method does not measure the influence on in-place infiltration rate due to sealing of voids near the bottom of the pervious concrete slab. Visual inspection of concrete cores is the best approach for determining sealing of voids near the bottom of the pervious concrete slab.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the field water infiltration rate of in place pervious concrete.
Note 1: For permeable unit pavement systems, Test Method C1781/C1781M should be used. Test Method C1781/C1781M is functionally identical to this test method but includes added provisions for positioning and securing the test ring to a discontinuous surface. Both tests methods give comparable results  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes that provide explanatory material. These notes shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM C173/C173M-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Volumetric Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method covers the determination of the air content of freshly mixed concrete. It measures the air contained in the mortar fraction of the concrete, but is not affected by air that may be present inside porous aggregate particles.  
4.1.1 Therefore, this is the appropriate test to determine the air content of concretes containing lightweight aggregates, air-cooled slag, and highly porous or vesicular natural aggregates.  
4.2 This test method requires the addition of sufficient isopropyl alcohol, when the meter is initially being filled with water, so that after the first or subsequent rollings little or no foam collects in the neck of the top section of the meter. If more foam is present than that equivalent to 2 % air above the water level, the test is declared invalid and must be repeated using a larger quantity of alcohol. Addition of alcohol to dispel foam any time after the initial filling of the meter to the zero mark is not permitted.  
4.3 The air content of hardened concrete may be either higher or lower than that determined by this test method. This depends upon the methods and amounts of consolidation effort applied to the concrete from which the hardened concrete specimen is taken; uniformity and stability of the air bubbles in the fresh and hardened concrete; accuracy of the microscopic examination, if used; time of comparison; environmental exposure; stage in the delivery, placement and consolidation processes at which the air content of the unhardened concrete is determined, that is, before or after the concrete goes through a pump; and other factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the air content of freshly mixed concrete containing any type of aggregate, whether it be dense, cellular, or lightweight.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
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1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Standard Test Method for Density (Unit Weight), Yield, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of Concrete

ABSTRACT
This test method covers determination of the density of freshly mixed concrete and gives formulas for calculating the unit weight, yield or relative yield, cement content, and air content of the concrete. Yield is defined as the volume of concrete produced from a mixture of known quantities of the component materials. The test method shall use the following apparatuses: balance or scale; tamping rod, which is a round straight steel rod having the tamping end rounded to a hemispherical tip; internal vibrator which may have rigid of flexible shafts, preferably powered by electric motors; measure, which is a cylindrical container made of steel or other suitable metal specified herein; strike-off plate; mallet; and scoop of a size large enough so each amount of concrete obtained from the sampling receptacle is representative and small enough so it is not spilled during placement in the measure.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the density (see Note 1) of freshly mixed concrete and gives formulas for calculating the yield, cement content, and air content of the concrete. Yield is defined as the volume of concrete produced from a mixture of known quantities of the component materials.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
Note 1: Unit weight was the previous terminology used to describe the property determined by this test method, which is mass per unit volume.  
1.3 The text of this test method refers to notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.(Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
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  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off