ASTM D5540-08
(Practice)Standard Practice for Flow Control and Temperature Control for On-Line Water Sampling and Analysis
Standard Practice for Flow Control and Temperature Control for On-Line Water Sampling and Analysis
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Sample conditioning systems must be designed to accommodate a wide range of sample source temperatures and pressures. Additionally, efforts must be made to ensure that the resultant sample has not been altered during transport and conditioning and has not suffered excessive transport delay. Studies have shown that sample streams will exhibit minimal deposition of ionic and particulate matter on wetted surfaces at specific flow rates (1–5).
To ensure that the physical and chemical properties of the sample are preserved, this flow rate must be controlled throughout the sampling process, regardless of expected changes of source temperature and pressure, for example, during startup or changing process operating conditions.
The need to use analyzer temperature compensation methods is dependent on the required accuracy of the measurement. Facilities dealing with ultra-pure water will require both closely controlled sample temperature and temperature compensation to ensure accurate measurements. The temperature can be controlled by adding a second or trim cooling stage. The temperature compensation must be based on the specific contaminants in the sample being analyzed. In other facilities in which some variation in water chemistry can be tolerated, the use of either trim cooling or accurate temperature compensation may provide sufficient accuracy of process measurements. This does not negate the highly recommended practice of constant temperature sampling, especially at 25°C, as the most proven method of ensuring repeatable and comparable analytical results.
A separate class of analysis exists that does not require or, in fact, cannot use the fully conditioned sample for accurate results. For example, the collection of corrosion product samples requires that the sample remain at near full system pressure, but cooled below the flash temperature, in order to ensure a representative collection of particulates. Only some of the primary conditioning criteria apply in t...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the conditioning of a flowing water sample for the precise measurement of various chemical and physical parameters of the water, whether continuous or grab. This practice addresses the conditioning of both high- and low-temperature and pressure sample streams, whether from steam or water.
1.2 This practice provides procedures for the precise control of sample flow rate to minimize changes of the measured variable(s) due to flow changes.
1.3 This practice provides procedures for the precise control of sample temperature to minimize changes of the measured variable(s) due to temperature changes.
1.4 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D5540 − 08
StandardPractice for
Flow Control and Temperature Control for On-Line Water
1
Sampling and Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5540; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this
1.1 This practice covers the conditioning of a flowing water
sample for the precise measurement of various chemical and practice, refer to Terminology D1129.
physical parameters of the water, whether continuous or grab.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
This practice addresses the conditioning of both high- and
3.2.1 approach temperature—this is a term that is used in
low-temperature and pressure sample streams, whether from
heat exchanger applications. It applies to all types of heat
steam or water.
exchangers and is defined as: the difference in outlet tempera-
ture in one stream and the inlet temperature on the other
1.2 This practice provides procedures for the precise control
stream. The definition as it applies to sample coolers used for
of sample flow rate to minimize changes of the measured
cooling water or steam samples as noted in this standard is as
variable(s) due to flow changes.
follows:ApproachTemperature—the difference in temperature
1.3 This practice provides procedures for the precise control
between cooling water temperature in and sample temperature
of sample temperature to minimize changes of the measured
out.
variable(s) due to temperature changes.
3.2.2 crud deposition—deposition on interior surfaces of
1.4 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are to
sample tubing or other hardware of fine insoluble particles of
be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses
iron oxides and other byproducts of metallic corrosion that are
are for information only.
present throughout the system. The term “crud” is generally
used for all types of fouling.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2.3 sample conditioning—reduction of the temperature
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
and pressure of a flowing sample from process conditions to a
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
controlled temperature and pressure, and maintenance of a
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
constant flow rate both in incoming sample lines and through
on-line analyzers.
2. Referenced Documents
3.2.4 sample cooler—a small heat exchanger designed to
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
cool small streams of water or steam.
D1066 Practice for Sampling Steam
3.2.5 temperature compensation—adjustment of the ana-
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
lyzermeasuredvalueforvariationintemperatureofthesample
D3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
from a preestablished value by the use of electronic adjustment
D3864 Guide for Continual On-Line Monitoring Systems
or data manipulation.
for Water Analysis
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 This practice covers the system design, operating
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and
procedures, and selection of equipment to help ensure the
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.03 on Sampling Water and
appropriate flow and temperature control for analysis of water
Water-Formed Deposits, Analysis of Water for Power Generation and Process Use,
On-Line Water Analysis, and Surveillance of Water.
and steam samples. This control is essential to ensure the
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2008. Published November 2008. Originally
accuracy and repeatability of on-line analyzers. Variations in
approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D5540 – 94a (2003).
types of analysis, sample characteristics, and their effect on
DOI: 10.1520/D5540-08.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or sample conditioning are included.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
4.2 The equipment and procedures described in this practice
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. are intended to represent current state-of-the art technology
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D5540 − 08
available from major manufacturers of sample conditioning condition of deposition and removal. Changes in sample flow
equipment. Refer to Practices D
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D 5540–94a (Reapproved 2003) Designation:D5540–08
Standard Practice for
Flow Control and Temperature Control for On-Line Water
1
Sampling and Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5540; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers the conditioning of a flowing water sample for the precise measurement of various chemical and
physical parameters of the water, whether continuous or grab. This practice addresses the conditioning of both high- and
low-temperature and pressure sample streams, whether from steam or water.
1.2 This practice provides procedures for the precise control of sample flow rate to minimize changes of the measured
variable(s) due to flow changes.
1.3 This practice provides procedures for the precise control of sample temperature to minimize changes of the measured
variable(s) due to temperature changes.
1.4 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are
for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 1066 Practice for Sampling Steam
D1129Terminology Relating to Water
D 1192Specification for Equipment for Sampling Water and Steam in Closed Conduits 1129 Terminology Relating to Water
D 3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
D 3864 Guide for Continual On-Line Monitoring Systems for Water Analysis
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this practice, refer to Terminology D 1129.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 approach temperature—this is a term that is used in heat exchanger applications. It applies to all types of heat exchangers
and is defined as: the difference in outlet temperature in one stream and the inlet temperature on the other stream. The definition
as it applies to sample coolers used for cooling water or steam samples as noted in this standard is as follows: Approach
Temperature—the difference in temperature between cooling water temperature in and sample temperature out.
3.2.2 crud deposition—deposition on interior surfaces of sample tubing or other hardware of fine insoluble particles of iron
oxides and other byproducts of metallic corrosion that are present throughout the system. The term “crud” is generally used for
all types of fouling.
3.2.2
3.2.3 sample conditioning—reduction of the temperature and pressure of a flowing sample from process conditions to a
controlled temperature and pressure, and maintenance of a constant flow rate both in incoming sample lines and through on-line
analyzers.
3.2.3
3.2.4 sample cooler—a small heat exchanger designed to cool small streams of water or steam.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.03 on Sampling of Water and
Water-Formed Deposits, Analysis of Water for Power Generation and Process Use, On-Line Water Analysis, and Surveillance of Water.
Current edition approved Sept. 15, 1994.Oct. 1, 2008. Published November 1994.2008. Originally approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 19942003 as
D 5540 – 94a (2003).
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5540–08
3.2.4
3.2.5 temperature compensation—adjustment of the analyzer measured value for variation in temperature of the sample from
a preestablished value by the use of electronic adjustment or data manipulation.
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 Thispracticecoversthesystemdesign,operatingprocedures,andselectionofequipmenttohelpensuretheappropriateflow
and temperature control for analysis of water and steam samples. This control is essential t
...
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