ASTM C709-03
(Terminology)Standard Terminology Relating to Manufactured Carbon and Graphite
Standard Terminology Relating to Manufactured Carbon and Graphite
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
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An American National Standard
Designation: C 709 – 03
Standard Terminology Relating to
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Manufactured Carbon and Graphite
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 709; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
across (or against) grain, n—the direction in a body with flaw—a defect sufficiently greater than those typical of the
preferred orientation due to forming stresses that has the morphology of a carbon or graphite body to influence a
maximum c-axis alignment as measured in an X-ray diffrac- property.
tion test. flexural strength—a property of solid material that indicates
agglomerate, n—in manufactured carbon and graphite prod- its ability to withstand a flexural or transverse load.
uct technology, a composite particle containing a number of flow line—a defect induced by discontinuous flow velocities
grains. during forming of molded or extruded bodies.
ash, n—in carbon and graphite technology, the residue re- grade—the designation given a material by a manufacturer
maining after oxidation of a carbon or graphite. such that it is always reproduced to the same specifications
binder—a substance, usually an organic material such as coal established by the manufacturer.
tar pitch or petroleum pitch, used to bond the coke or other grain, n—in manufactured (synthetic) carbon and graphite,a
filler material prior to baking. particle of filler material (usually coke or graphite) in the
carbon—an element, number 6 of the periodic table of starting mix formulation. Also referred to as granular mate-
2 2 2
elements, electronic ground state 1s 2s 2p . rial, filler particle, or aggregate material. The term is also
carbon—in carbon and graphite technology, an artifact con- used to describe the general texture of a carbon or graphite
sisting predominantly of the element carbon and possessing body, as in the descriptions listed below:
limited long range order. coarse grained—containing grains in the starting mix that
are substantially greater than 4 mm in size.
DISCUSSION—The presence of limited long range order is usually
medium grained—containing grains in the starting mix that
associated with low electrical and thermal conductivity and difficult
are generally less than 4 mm in size.
machinability when compared with graphite.
fine grained—containing grains in the starting mix that are
coke—a carbonaceous solid produced from coal, petroleum, or
generally less than 100 μm in size.
other materials by thermal decomposition with passage
superfine grained—containing grains in the starting mix that
through a plastic state.
are generally less than 50 μm in size.
compressive strength—a property of solid material that indi-
ultrafine grained—containing grains in the starting mix that
cates its ability to withstand a uniaxial compressive load.
are generally less than 10 μm in size.
defect—of a manufactured carbon or graphite product, any
DISCUSSION—All of the above descriptions relate to the generally
irregularity in the chemistry, microstructure, or macrostruc-
accepted practice of measuring the sizing fractions with a criterion that
ture.
90 % of the grains will pass through the stated screen size in a standard
defective—having flaws or dimensional deviations greater
particle sizing test.
than acceptable for the intended use.
graphene layer—in carbon and graphite technology, a single
electrographite, n—in carbon and graphite technology, a
carbon layer of the graphite structure, describing its nature
synonym for manufactured graphite.
by analogy to a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon of quasi-
extruded—formed by being forced through a shaping orifice
infinite size.
as a continuous body.
filler—in manufactured carbon and graphite product technol-
DISCUSSION—The term graphite designates a modification of the
ogy, carbonaceous particles comprising the base aggregate in
chemical element carbon in which planar sheets of carbon atoms, each
an unbaked green-mix formulation.
atom bound to three neighbors in a honeycomb-like structure, are
stacked in a three dimensional regular order. For a single layer, it is not
correct to use the term graphite, which implies a three dimensional
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This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on structure.
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
graphite—an allotropic crystalline form of the element car-
D02.F0 on Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Products.
Current edition approved Jan. 10, 2003. Published March 2003. Originally
bon, occurring as a mineral, commonly consisting of a
approved in 1972. Last previous edition approv
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