ASTM D3527-15
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Life Performance of Automotive Wheel Bearing Grease
Standard Test Method for Life Performance of Automotive Wheel Bearing Grease
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method differentiates among wheel bearing greases having distinctly different high-temperature characteristics. It is not the equivalent of longtime service tests, nor is it intended to distinguish between the products having similar high-temperature performance properties.
5.2 This test method has proven to be helpful in screening greases with respect to life performance for automotive wheel bearing applications.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a laboratory procedure for evaluating the high-temperature life performance of wheel bearing greases when tested under prescribed conditions.
Note 1: Changes to this test method in the 1985 revision increased test severity. Results will not be comparable with data from earlier procedures.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.2.1 Exception—Apparatus dimensions in inches are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 8.1 – 8.4.
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Designation: D3527 − 15
Standard Test Method for
1
Life Performance of Automotive Wheel Bearing Grease
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3527; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 3.1.3.1 Discussion—The solid thickener can be fibers (such
as various metallic soaps) or plates or spheres (such as certain
1.1 This test method covers a laboratory procedure for
non-soap thickeners) which are insoluble or, at the most, only
evaluating the high-temperature life performance of wheel
very slightly soluble in the liquid lubricant. The general
bearing greases when tested under prescribed conditions.
requirements are that the solid particles be extremely small,
NOTE1—Changestothistestmethodinthe1985revisionincreasedtest
uniformlydispersed,andcapableofformingarelativelystable,
severity.Resultswillnotbecomparablewithdatafromearlierprocedures.
gel-like structure with the liquid lubricant.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3.2.1 automotive wheel bearing grease, n—a lubricating
standard.
grease specifically formulated to lubricate automotive wheel
1.2.1 Exception—Apparatus dimensions in inches are to be
bearings at relatively high grease temperatures and bearing
regarded as the standard.
speeds.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.2 grease life, n— of wheel bearing grease, amount of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
time operated under prescribed conditions of load, speed, and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
temperature until preset torque limit is exceeded.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2.2.1 Discussion—The off-time, which is part of the 20 h
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
and 4 h off-cycle, is not recorded and is not included as part of
warning statements, see 8.1 – 8.4.
grease life.
2. Referenced Documents
4. Summary of Test Method
2.1 AFBMA Standard:
2
AFBMA Standard 19, 1974 (ANSI B. 3.19-1975) 4.1 The test grease is distributed in the bearings of a
modified, automobile front wheel hub-spindle-bearings assem-
3. Terminology
bly. While the bearings are thrust-loaded to approximately
3.1 Definitions:
111 N, the hub is rotated at 1000 rpm and the spindle
3.1.1 lubricant, n—any material interposed between two temperature maintained at 160 °C for 20 h, 4 h off operating
surfaces that reduces the friction or wear between them.
cycle. The test is terminated when grease deterioration causes
the drive motor torque to exceed a calculated motor cut off
3.1.2 lubricating grease, n—a semi-fluid to solid product of
value. Grease life is expressed as the accumulated on-cycle
a dispersion of a thickener in a liquid lubricant.
hours.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—The dispersion of the thickener forms a
two-phase system and immobilizes the liquid lubricant by
5. Significance and Use
surface tension and other physical forces. Other ingredients are
commonly included to impart special properties.
5.1 This test method differentiates among wheel bearing
greases having distinctly different high-temperature character-
3.1.3 thickener, n—in lubricating grease, a substance com-
istics. It is not the equivalent of longtime service tests, nor is it
posed of finely-divided particles dispersed in a liquid lubricant
intended to distinguish between the products having similar
to form the product’s structure.
high-temperature performance properties.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
5.2 This test method has proven to be helpful in screening
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
greases with respect to life performance for automotive wheel
Subcommittee D02.G0.05 on Functional Tests - Temperature.
bearing applications.
Current edition approved April 1, 2015. Published April 2015. Originally
approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D3527 – 11. DOI:
10.1520/D3527-15.
6. Apparatus
2
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org. 6.1 Test Assembly (see Fig. 1 and Fig. 2).
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3527 − 15
NOTE 1—Caution should be taken when modifying older uni
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D3527 − 11 D3527 − 15
Standard Test Method for
1
Life Performance of Automotive Wheel Bearing Grease
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3527; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers a laboratory procedure for evaluating the high-temperature life performance of wheel bearing
greases when tested under prescribed conditions.
NOTE 1—Changes to this test method in the 1985 revision increased test severity. Results will not be comparable with data from earlier procedures.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.2.1 Exception—Apparatus dimensions in inches are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 8.1 – 8.4.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 AFBMA Standard:
2
AFBMA Standard 19, 1974 (ANSI B. 3.19-1975)
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 lubricant, n—any material interposed between two surfaces that reduces the friction or wear between them.
3.1.2 lubricating grease, n—a semi-fluid to solid product of a dispersion of a thickener in a liquid lubricant.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.G0.05 on Functional Tests - Temperature.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2011April 1, 2015. Published December 2011April 2015. Originally approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 20072011 as
ε1
D3527D3527 – 11.–07 . DOI: 10.1520/D3527-11.10.1520/D3527-15.
2
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—
The dispersion of the thickener forms a two-phase system and immobilizes the liquid lubricant by surface tension and other
physical forces. Other ingredients are commonly included to impart special properties.
3.1.3 thickener, n—in lubricating grease, a substance composed of finely-divided particles dispersed in a liquid lubricant to form
the product’s structure.
3.1.3.1 Discussion—
The solid thickener can be fibers (such as various metallic soaps) or plates or spheres (such as certain non-soap thickeners) which
are insoluble or, at the most, only very slightly soluble in the liquid lubricant. The general requirements are that the solid particles
be extremely small, uniformly dispersed, and capable of forming a relatively stable, gel-like structure with the liquid lubricant.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 automotive wheel bearing grease, n—a lubricating grease specifically formulated to lubricate automotive wheel bearings
at relatively high grease temperatures and bearing speeds.
3.2.2 grease life, n— of wheel bearing grease, amount of time operated under prescribed conditions of load, speed, and
temperature until preset torque limit is exceeded.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3527 − 15
NOTE 1—Caution should be taken when modifying older units since some may still contain asbestos insulation leading to a possible inhalation hazard.
FIG. 1 Wheel Bearing Lubricant Tester (Elevation View)
3.2.2.1 Discussion—
The off-time, which is part of the 20 h and 4 h off-cycle, is not recorded and is not included as part of grease life.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The test grease is distributed in the bearings of a modified, automobile front wheel hub-spindle-bearings assembly. While
the bearings are thrust-loaded to 111 N,approximately 111 N, the hub is rotated at 1000 rpm and the spindle temperature maintained
at 160°C160 °C for 20 h, 4 h off operating cycle. The test is terminated when grease deterioration causes the drive motor torque
to exceed a calculated motor cut off value. Grease life is expressed as the accumulat
...
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