ASTM E159-22

Standard Test Method for Loss of Mass in a Reducing Gas Atmosphere for Cobalt, Copper, Tungsten, and Iron Powders (Hydrogen Loss)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The oxygen content of a powder affects both its green and sintered properties.  
5.2 Hydrogen loss is a term widely used in the powder metallurgy industry even though the measurement represents an approximate oxygen content of the powder.  
5.3 Oxygen is the most common hydrogen-reducible constituent of metal powders, and this procedure may be used as a measure of oxygen, reducible under the test conditions, if other interfering elements are absent.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the mass of hydrogen-reducible constituents in the following metal powders: cobalt, copper, iron, and tungsten.  
1.2 This test method is useful for cobalt, copper, and iron powders in the range from 0.05 to 3.0 % oxygen, and for tungsten powder in the range from 0.01 to 0.50 % oxygen.  
1.3 This test method does not measure the oxygen contained in oxides such as silicon oxide (SiO2), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), magnesium oxide (MgO), calcium oxide (CaO), titanium dioxide (TiO2), etc. that are not reduced by hydrogen at the test temperatures.  
1.4 For total oxygen content, vacuum or inert gas fusion methods are available (see Test Methods E1019).  
1.5 Untis—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Aug-2022
• ICS: 77.160 - Powder metallurgy
• Technical Committee: B09 - Metal Powders and Metal Powder Products
• Drafting Committee: B09.02 - Base Metal Powders

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E159 − 22
Standard Test Method for
Loss of Mass in a Reducing Gas Atmosphere for Cobalt,
1
Copper, Tungsten, and Iron Powders (Hydrogen Loss)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E159; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* B243Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
E177Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationofthemassof
ASTM Test Methods
hydrogen-reducible constituents in the following metal pow-
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
ders: cobalt, copper, iron, and tungsten.
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.2 This test method is useful for cobalt, copper, and iron
E1019Test Methods for Determination of Carbon, Sulfur,
powders in the range from 0.05 to 3.0% oxygen, and for
Nitrogen, and Oxygen in Steel, Iron, Nickel, and Cobalt
tungsten powder in the range from 0.01 to 0.50% oxygen.
Alloys by Various Combustion and Inert Gas Fusion
1.3 Thistestmethoddoesnotmeasuretheoxygencontained Techniques
in oxides such as silicon oxide (SiO ), aluminum oxide
2
3. Terminology
(Al O ), magnesium oxide (MgO), calcium oxide (CaO),
2 3
3.1 Definitions—Definitions of powder metallurgy terms
titanium dioxide (TiO ), etc. that are not reduced by hydrogen
2
can be found in Terminology B243. Additional descriptive
at the test temperatures.
information on powder metallurgy is available under “General
1.4 For total oxygen content, vacuum or inert gas fusion
Information on PM” on the ASTM B09 web page.
methods are available (see Test Methods E1019).
4. Summary of Test Method
1.5 Untis—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
as the standard.
4.1 This test method consists of subjecting a test portion of
powder to the action of a hydrogen-containing gas under
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
standardconditionsoftemperatureandtimeandmeasuringthe
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
resulting loss of mass.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
5. Significance and Use
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5.1 The oxygen content of a powder affects both its green
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- and sintered properties.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
5.2 Hydrogen loss is a term widely used in the powder
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
metallurgy industry even though the measurement represents
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
an approximate oxygen content of the powder.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
5.3 Oxygen is the most common hydrogen-reducible con-
stituent of metal powders, and this procedure may be used as a
2. Referenced Documents
measureofoxygen,reducibleunderthetestconditions,ifother
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
interfering elements are absent.
B215Practices for Sampling Metal Powders
6. Interferences
6.1 If carbon or sulfur is present, or both are present, they
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on Metal
will be largely removed in the test. Their loss in mass is
Powders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
mittee B09.02 on Base Metal Powders.
included in the total loss in mass measurement and must be
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2022. Published September 2022. Originally
subtracted from the total mass loss.
approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as E159–17. DOI:
10.1520/E0159-22.
6.2 If metals or compounds are present that vaporize at the
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
testtemperature(suchascadmium,lead,zinc,etc.),theireffect
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
is included in the loss of mass measurement and must be
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. subtracted from the total mass loss.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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E159 − 22
6.3 If some components are present that are oxidized or 10.2 Pass th
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E159 − 17 E159 − 22
Standard Test Method for
Loss of Mass in a Reducing Gas Atmosphere for Cobalt,
1
Copper, Tungsten, and Iron Powders (Hydrogen Loss)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E159; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the mass of hydrogen-reducible constituents in the following metal powders:
cobalt, copper, iron, and tungsten.
1.2 This test method is useful for cobalt, copper, and iron powders in the range from 0.05 to 3.0 % oxygen, and for tungsten
powder in the range from 0.01 to 0.50 % oxygen.
1.3 This test method does not measure the oxygen contained in oxides such as silicon oxide (SiO ), aluminum oxide (Al O ),
2 2 3
magnesium oxide (MgO), calcium oxide (CaO), titanium dioxide (TiO ), etc. that are not reduced by hydrogen at the test
2
temperatures.
1.4 For total oxygen content, vacuum or inert gas fusion methods are available (see Test Methods E1019).
1.5 Untis—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B215 Practices for Sampling Metal Powders
B243 Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E1019 Test Methods for Determination of Carbon, Sulfur, Nitrogen, and Oxygen in Steel, Iron, Nickel, and Cobalt Alloys by
Various Combustion and Inert Gas Fusion Techniques
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on Metal Powders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B09.02
on Base Metal Powders.
Current edition approved April 1, 2017Sept. 1, 2022. Published April 2017September 2022. Originally approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 20102017 as
E159 – 10.E159 – 17. DOI: 10.1520/E0159-17.10.1520/E0159-22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E159 − 22
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Definitions of powder metallurgy terms can be found in Terminology B243. Additional descriptive information
on powder metallurgy is available in the Related Material section of Vol 02.05 of the under “General Information on PM” on the
Annual Book of ASTM Standards.ASTM B09 web page.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 This test method consists of subjecting a test portion of powder to the action of a hydrogen-containing gas under standard
conditions of temperature and time and measuring the resulting loss of mass.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The oxygen content of a powder affects both its green and sintered properties.
5.2 Hydrogen loss is a term widely used in the powder metallurgy industry even though the measurement represents an
approximate oxygen content of the powder.
5.3 Oxygen is the most common hydrogen-reducible constituent of metal powders, and this procedure may be used as a measure
of oxygen, reducible under the test conditions, if other interfering elements are absent.
6. Interferences
6.1 If carbon or sulfur is present, or both,both are present, they will be largely removed in the test. Their loss in mass is included
in the total loss in mass measurement and must be
...