ASTM B243-11
(Terminology)Standard Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
Standard Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
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Designation: B243 − 11
StandardTerminology of
1
Powder Metallurgy
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B243; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.7 Metal Injection Molding, 3.2.8
3. Sintering:
1.1 This terminology standard includes definitions that are
3.1 Process for Sintering, 3.3.1
helpful in the interpretation and application of powder metal-
3.2 Conditions During Sintering, 3.3.2
lurgy terms.
3.3 Phenomena Resulting from Sintering, 3.3.3
2. Referenced Documents
3.4 Properties of Sintered Parts, 3.3.4
3.5 Procedure to Evaluate Sintered Parts, 3.3.5
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.6 Removal of Binders, 3.3.6
B331Test Method for Compressibility of Metal Powders in
4. Postsinter Treatments:
Uniaxial Compaction
4.1 Processes, 3.4.1
3. Terminology
5. Miscellaneous:
5.1 Definitions, 3.5.1
3.1 Powder—Terms associated with production,
5.2 Processes, 3.5.2
characterization, use, and testing of metal powders.
5.3 Materials, 3.5.3
3.1.1 Table of Contents
3.1.2 General:
agglomerate, n—several particles adhering together.
1. Powders:
metal powder, n—particles of elemental metals or alloys,
1.0 General, 3.1.2
normally less than 1000 µm (1 mm) in size.
1.1 Processes to Produce Powder, 3.1.3
particulate matter, n—see powder.
1.2 Types of Powder, 3.1.4
1.3 Shapes of Powder Particles, 3.1.5 PM, n—the acronym for powder metallurgy.
1.4 Additives to Powder, 3.1.6
powder, n—particles that are usually less than 1000 µm (1
1.5 Treatment of Powder, 3.1.7 mm) in size.
1.6 Properties of Powder, 3.1.8
powder metallurgy, n—the production and utilization of
1.7 Procedures to Evaluate Powder, 3.1.9 metal powders.
1.8 Equipment to Evaluate Powder, 3.1.10
3.1.3 Processes to Produce Powder:
2. Forming:
air classification, n—the separation of powder into particle
2.0 General, 3.2.1
size fractions by means of an air stream of controlled velocity.
2.1 Processes for Compacting, 3.2.2
atomization, n—the dispersion of a molten metal into par-
2.2 Conditions of Compacting,
ticles by a rapidly moving gas or liquid stream or by mechani-
2.3 Tools Used for Compacting, 3.2.3
cal means.
2.4 Phenomena Resulting from Compaction, 3.2.4
chemical deposition, n—the precipitation of one metal from
2.5 Properties of Compacts, 3.2.6
asolutionofitssaltsbytheadditionofanothermetalorreagent
2.6 Forging, 3.2.7
to the solution.
chemically precipitated metal powder, n—powder produced
1
bythereductionofametalfromasolutionofitssaltseitherby
This terminology is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee B09 on Metal
Powders and Metal Powder Productsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommit-
the addition of another metal higher in the electromotive series
tee B09.01 on Nomenclature and Technical Data.
or by other reducing agent.
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2011. Published December 2011. Originally
classification, n—separation of a powder into fractions
approved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as B243–10. DOI:
10.1520/B0243-11. according to particle size.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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B243 − 11
disintegration, n—the reduction of massive material to powder mixture, n—a powder made by mixing two or more
powder. powders of differing chemical composition, particle size dis-
tribution, particle shape, or a combination of these character-
gas classification, n—the separation of powder into particle
istics.
size fractions by means of a gas stream of controlled velocity.
pre-alloyed powder, n—powder composed of two or more
granulation, n—the production of coarse metal particles by
elements that are alloyed in the powder manufacturing process
pouringthemoltenmetalthroughascreenintowater(shotting)
in which the particles are of the same nominal composition
or by violent agitation of the molten metal while solidifying.
throughout. Synonymous with completely alloyed powder.
milling, n—the mechanical treatment of metal powder, or
premix, n—a uniform mixture of ingredients to a prescribed
metal powder mixtures, as in a ball mill, to alter the size or
analysis, prepared by the powder producer, for direct use in
shape of the individual particles or to coat one component of
compacting powder metallurgy products.
the mixture with another.
sponge iron, n—a coherent, porous mass of substantially
pulverization, n—the reduction in particle size of metal
pure iron produced by solid-state reduction of iron oxide (for
powderbymechanicalmeans,aspecifictypeofdisintegration.
example, iron ore or mill sc
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:B243–10 Designation:B243–11
Standard Terminology of
1
Powder Metallurgy
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B243; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This terminology standard includes definitions that are helpful in the interpretation and application of powder metallurgy
terms.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B331 Test Method for Compressibility of Metal Powders in Uniaxial Compaction
3. Terminology
3.1 Powder—Terms associated with production, characterization, use, and testing of metal powders.
3.1.1 Table of Contents
1. Powders:
1.0 General, 3.1.2
1.1 Processes to Produce Powder, 3.1.3
1.2 Types of Powder, 3.1.4
1.3 Shapes of Powder Particles, 3.1.5
1.4 Additives to Powder, 3.1.6
1.5 Treatment of Powder, 3.1.7
1.6 Properties of Powder, 3.1.8
1.7 Procedures to Evaluate Powder, 3.1.9
1.8 Equipment to Evaluate Powder, 3.1.10
2. Forming:
2.0 General, 3.2.1
2.1 Processes for Compacting, 3.2.2
2.2 Conditions of Compacting,
2.3 Tools Used for Compacting, 3.2.3
2.4 Phenomena Resulting from Compaction, 3.2.4
2.5 Properties of Compacts, 3.2.6
2.6 Forging, 3.2.7
2.7 Metal Injection Molding, 3.2.8
3. Sintering:
3.1 Process for Sintering, 3.3.1
3.2 Conditions During Sintering, 3.3.2
3.3 Phenomena Resulting from Sintering, 3.3.3
3.4 Properties of Sintered Parts, 3.3.4
3.5 Procedure to Evaluate Sintered Parts, 3.3.5
3.6 Removal of Binders, 3.3.6
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on Metal Powders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
B09.01 on Nomenclature and Technical Data.
Current edition approved Jan.Nov. 15, 2010.2011. Published April 2010.December 2011. Originally approved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 20092010 as
B243–09a.B243–10. DOI: 10.1520/B0243-09A.10.1520/B0243-11.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B243–11
4. Postsinter Treatments:
4.1 Processes, 3.4.1
5. Miscellaneous :
5.1 Definitions, 3.5.1
5.2 Processes, 3.5.2
5.3 Materials, 3.5.3
3.1.2 General:
agglomerate, n—several particles adhering together.
metal powder, n—particles of elemental metals or alloys, normally less than 1000 µm (1 mm) in size.
particulate matter, n—see powder.
PM, n—the acronym for powder metallurgy.
powder, n—particles that are usually less than 1000 µm (1 mm) in size.
powder metallurgy, n—the production and utilization of metal powders.
3.1.3 Processes to Produce Powder:
air classification, n—the separation of powder into particle size fractions by means of an air stream of controlled velocity.
atomization, n—thedispersionofamoltenmetalintoparticlesbyarapidlymovinggasorliquidstreamorbymechanicalmeans.
chemical deposition, n—the precipitation of one metal from a solution of its salts by the addition of another metal or reagent
to the solution.
chemically precipitated metal powder, n—powder produced by the reduction of a metal from a solution of its salts either by the
addition of another metal higher in the electromotive series or by other reducing agent.
classification, n—separation of a powder into fractions according to particle size.
disintegration, n—the reduction of massive material to powder.
gas classification, n—the separation of powder into particle size fractions by means of a gas stream of controlled velocity.
granulation, n—the production of coarse metal particles by pouring the molten metal through a screen into water (shotting) or
by violent agitation of the molten metal while solidifying.
milling, n—the mechanical treatment of metal powder, or metal powder mixtures, as in a ball mill, to alter the size or shape of
the individual particles or to coat one component of the mixture with another.
pulverization, n—the reduction in particle size of metal powder by mechanical means, a specific type of disintegration.
reduced metal powder, n—metal powder produced, without melting, by the chemical reduction of metal oxides or other
compounds.
3.1.4 Types of Powder:
atomized metal powder, n—metal powder produced by the dispersion of a molten metal by a rapidly moving gas, or liquid
stream, or by mechanical dispersion.
carbonyl powder, n—a metal powder prepared by the therm
...
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