ASTM D6669-12
(Practice)Standard Practice for Selecting and Constructing Exposure Scenarios for Assessment of Exposures to Alkyd and Latex Interior Paints
Standard Practice for Selecting and Constructing Exposure Scenarios for Assessment of Exposures to Alkyd and Latex Interior Paints
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Increasing attention is being paid to human exposure to airborne chemicals from products or materials used indoors, for two reasons:
Individuals spend substantial fractions of their time indoors.
Such exposures can occur repeatedly throughout one's lifetime.
The primary objectives of this practice are as follows:
To list the elements that need to be considered in developing a scenario to describe how exposure occurs to chemicals emitted from alkyd or latex interior paints.
To discuss procedures and alternatives for choosing and describing these elements.
Elements of an exposure scenario, in turn, are used to practice a subsequent step of estimating exposures through monitoring studies or computer modeling exercises.
Once exposures have been estimated, the results can be used to assess the potential impacts of a specific paint formulation on the health of exposed individuals, or to compare the relative impacts of alternative formulations.
Estimation of exposures, or comparisons of estimated exposures across alternative paint formulations, can lead to development of environmentally preferable products by minimizing adverse health effects for exposed individuals.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides procedures for constructing scenarios for assessment of inhalation exposure to airborne emissions of chemicals released from alkyd or latex paints that are used indoors.
1.2 The indoor environments covered in this practice, in terms of considerations for developing exposure scenarios, are residences and office buildings.
1.3 Elements of the exposure scenarios include the product and chemical(s) to be assessed, the indoor environment where the product is applied, application of the product, chemical emissions during and after product application, and location/activity patterns of individuals who may be exposed to the airborne chemical emissions.
1.4 Steps to be performed after developing exposure scenarios, such as monitoring, modeling and exposure/risk assessment, also are described.
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D6669 − 12
Standard Practice for
Selecting and Constructing Exposure Scenarios for
Assessment of Exposures to Alkyd and Latex Interior
1
Paints
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6669; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D1212 Test Methods for Measurement of Wet Film Thick-
ness of Organic Coatings
1.1 This practice provides procedures for constructing sce-
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
narios for assessment of inhalation exposure to airborne
Atmospheres
emissions of chemicals released from alkyd or latex paints that
D5116 Guide for Small-Scale Environmental Chamber De-
are used indoors.
terminations of Organic Emissions from Indoor Materials/
1.2 The indoor environments covered in this practice, in
Products
terms of considerations for developing exposure scenarios, are
D6178 Practice for Estimation of Short-term Inhalation Ex-
residences and office buildings.
posure to Volatile Organic Chemicals Emitted from Bed-
ding Sets
1.3 Elements of the exposure scenarios include the product
and chemical(s) to be assessed, the indoor environment where D6485 Guide for Risk Characterization ofAcute and Irritant
Effects of Short-Term Exposure to Volatile Organic
the product is applied, application of the product, chemical
emissions during and after product application, and location/ Chemicals Emitted from Bedding Sets
E741 Test Method for Determining Air Change in a Single
activity patterns of individuals who may be exposed to the
airborne chemical emissions. Zone by Means of a Tracer Gas Dilution
1.4 Steps to be performed after developing exposure
3. Terminology
scenarios, such as monitoring, modeling and exposure/risk
assessment, also are described.
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this prac-
tice refer to Terminology D1356.
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
standard.
3.2.1 emission profile, n—a time-series of emission rates of
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the one or more compounds.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2.2 exposure scenario, n—a description of how and where
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
an estimated exposure occurs, including (1) the location and
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
emission profile of the product or material that causes
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
exposure, (2) the indoor environment where the individual is
exposed to airborne emissions from the product or material,
2. Referenced Documents
and (3) the location and activity patterns of the exposed
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: individual.
D1005 Test Method for Measurement of Dry-Film Thick-
3.2.3 potential inhaled dose, n—the product of air concen-
ness of Organic Coatings Using Micrometers
tration to which an individual is exposed times breathing rate
times duration of exposure.
1 3.2.4 short-term exposure, n—an exposure of one week or
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D22 on Air Quality
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.05 on Indoor Air. less in duration.
Current edition approved April 1, 2012. Published May 2012. Originally
ε1
approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D6669 – 01a (2007) .
4. Summary of Practice
DOI: 10.1520/D6669-12.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
4.1 This practice documents the items that need to be
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
described when developing an exposure scenario for assess-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. ment of exposures to chemicals released indoors from alkyd or
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6669 − 12
latex paints. Important considerations are discussed for each
item, along with examples or alternatives where appropriate.
4.2 An exposure scenario—a description of how and where
an estimated exposure occurs—includes the following ele-
ments for paints used indoors (that is, interior paints):
4.2.1 The product and chemical(s) to be assessed.
FIG. 1 Conceptualization of a Painted Building
4.2.2 The indoor environment where the product is applied,
including properties such as volume and airflow rate.
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation:D6669–01a (Reapproved 2007) Designation: D6669 – 12
Standard Practice for
Selecting and Constructing Exposure Scenarios for
Assessment of Exposures to Alkyd and Latex Interior
1
Paints
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6669; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
´ NOTE—Editorially updated the References section in May 2007.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice provides procedures for constructing scenarios for assessment of inhalation exposure to airborne emissions of
chemicals released from alkyd or latex paints that are used indoors.
1.2 The indoor environments covered in this practice, in terms of considerations for developing exposure scenarios, are
residences and office buildings.
1.3 Elements of the exposure scenarios include the product and chemical(s) to be assessed, the indoor environment where the
product is applied, application of the product, chemical emissions during and after product application, and location/activity
patterns of individuals who may be exposed to the airborne chemical emissions.
1.4 Stepstobeperformedafterdevelopingexposurescenarios,suchasmonitoring,modelingandexposure/riskassessment,also
are described.
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1005 Test Method for Measurement of Dry-Film Thickness of Organic Coatings Using Micrometers
D1212 Test Methods for Measurement of Wet Film Thickness of Organic Coatings
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
D5116 Guide for Small-Scale Environmental Chamber Determinations of Organic Emissions from Indoor Materials/Products
D6178 Practice for Estimation of Short-term Inhalation Exposure to Volatile Organic Chemicals Emitted from Bedding Sets
D6485 Guide for Risk Characterization of Acute and Irritant Effects of Short-Term Exposure to Volatile Organic Chemicals
Emitted from Bedding Sets
E741 Test Method for Determining Air Change in a Single Zone by Means of a Tracer Gas Dilution
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this practice refer to Terminology D1356.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 emission profile, n—a time-series of emission rates of one or more compounds.
3.2.2 exposure scenario, n—a description of how and where an estimated exposure occurs, including (1) the location and
emission profile of the product or material that causes exposure, (2) the indoor environment where the individual is exposed to
airborne emissions from the product or material, and (3) the location and activity patterns of the exposed individual.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air Quality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.05 on Indoor Air.
Current edition approved May 1, 2007. Published June 2007. Originally approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D6669-01a. DOI:
10.1520/D6669-01AR07E01.
´1
Current edition approved April 1, 2012. Published May 2012. Originally approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D6669 - 01a(2007) . DOI:
10.1520/D6669-12.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6669 – 12
3.2.3 potential inhaled dose, n—the product of air concentration to which an individual is exposed times breathing rate times
duration of exposure.
3.2.4 short-term exposure, n—an exposure of one week or less in duration.
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 This practice documents the items that need to be described when developing an exposure scenario for assessment of
exposures to chemicals released indoors f
...
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