ASTM C204-11
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by Air-Permeability Apparatus
Standard Test Methods for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by Air-Permeability Apparatus
ABSTRACT
This test method covers determination of the fineness of hydraulic cement, using the Blaine air-permeability apparatus, in terms of the specific surface expressed as total surface area in square centimetres per gram, or square metres per kilogram, of cement. Two test methods are given: test method A is the reference test method using the manually operated standard Blaine apparatus, while test method B permits the use of automated apparatus that has in accordance with the qualification requirements of this test method demonstrated acceptable performance. The Blaine air-permeability apparatus consists essentially of a means of drawing a definite quantity of air through a prepared bed of cement of definite porosity. The permeability cell shall consist of a rigid cylinder, constructed of austenitic stainless steel. The disk shall be constructed of noncorroding metal, and shall fit the inside of the cell snugly. The plunger shall be constructed of austenitic stainless steel and shall fit into the cell. The filter paper disks shall be circular, with smooth edges, and shall have the same diameter as the inside of the cell. The U-tube manometer shall be constructed according to the design indicated. The manometer shall be filled to the midpoint line with a nonvolatile, nonhygroscopic liquid of low viscosity and density. The timer shall have a positive starting and stopping mechanism. The calibration of the air permeability apparatus shall be made using the standard reference material. The automated test method shall employ apparatus designed either on the principles of the Blaine air-permeability method or apparatus based on the air-permeability principles of the Lea and Nurse method. When the specific surface values determined by an automated apparatus are to be used for acceptance or rejection of cement, the method used shall comply with the qualification requirements. When standardization is required in order to achieve agreement between test method A and test method B, the apparatus shall be standardized according to the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the fineness of hydraulic cement, using the Blaine air-permeability apparatus, in terms of the specific surface expressed as total surface area in square centimetres per gram, or square metres per kilogram, of cement. Two test methods are given: Test Method A is the Reference Test Method using the manually operated standard Blaine apparatus, while Test Method B permits the use of automated apparatus that has in accordance with the qualification requirements of this test method demonstrated acceptable performance. Although the test method may be, and has been, used for the determination of the measures of fineness of various other materials, it should be understood that, in general, relative rather than absolute fineness values are obtained.
1.1.1 This test method is known to work well for portland cements. However, the user should exercise judgement in determining its suitability with regard to fineness measurements of cements with densities, or porosities that differ from those assigned to Standard Reference Material No. 114.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: C204 − 11 AmericanAssociation State
Highway and Transportation Officials Standard
AASHTO No.: T 153
Standard Test Methods for
Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by Air-Permeability
1
Apparatus
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C204; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements
for Test Methods for Construction Materials
1.1 This test method covers determination of the fineness of
E832 Specification for Laboratory Filter Papers
hydraulic cement, using the Blaine air-permeability apparatus,
2.2 Other Document:
in terms of the specific surface expressed as total surface area
No. 114 National Institute of Standards and Technology
in square centimetres per gram, or square metres per kilogram,
3
Standard Reference Material
of cement. Two test methods are given: Test Method A is the
BS 4359: 1971 British Standard Method for the Determina-
Reference Test Method using the manually operated standard
tion of Specific Surface of Powders: Part 2: Air Perme-
Blaine apparatus, while Test Method B permits the use of
4
ability Methods
automated apparatus that has in accordance with the qualifica-
tion requirements of this test method demonstrated acceptable
TEST METHOD A: REFERENCE METHOD
performance. Although the test method may be, and has been,
used for the determination of the measures of fineness of
3. Apparatus
various other materials, it should be understood that, in
3.1 Nature of Apparatus—The Blaine air-permeability ap-
general, relative rather than absolute fineness values are
paratus consists essentially of a means of drawing a definite
obtained.
quantity of air through a prepared bed of cement of definite
1.1.1 This test method is known to work well for portland
porosity.The number and size of the pores in a prepared bed of
cements. However, the user should exercise judgement in
definite porosity is a function of the size of the particles and
determining its suitability with regard to fineness measure-
determines the rate of airflow through the bed. The apparatus,
ments of cements with densities, or porosities that differ from
illustrated in Fig. 1, shall consist specifically of the parts
those assigned to Standard Reference Material No. 114.
described in 3.2-3.8.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.2 Permeability Cell—The permeability cell shall consist
standard.
of a rigid cylinder 12.70 6 0.10 mm in inside diameter,
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
constructed of austenitic stainless steel. The interior of the cell
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
shallhaveafinishof0.81µm(32µin.).Thetopofthecellshall
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
be at right angles to the principal axis of the cell. The lower
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
portion of the cell must be able to form an airtight fit with the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
upper end of the manometer, so that there is no air leakage
1
between the contacting surfaces. A ledge ⁄2 to 1 mm in width
2. Referenced Documents
shall be an integral part of the cell or be firmly fixed in the cell
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
55 6 10 mm from the top of the cell for support of the
A582/A582M Specification for Free-Machining Stainless
perforated metal disk. The top of the permeability cell shall be
Steel Bars
fitted with a protruding collar to facilitate the removal of the
cell from the manometer.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C01 on Cement
NOTE 1—Specification A582/A582M Type 303 stainless steel (UNS
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.25 on Fineness.
designation S30300) has been found to be suitable for the construction of
Current edition approved June 1, 2011. Published August 2011. Originally
approved in 1946. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as C204 – 07. DOI:
10.1520/C0204-11.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Bureau Dr., Stop 1070, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-1070, http://www.nist.gov.
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from British Standards Institute (BSI), 389 Chiswick High Rd.,
the ASTM website. London W4 4AL, U.K., http://www.bsi-global.com.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Ba
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
American Association State
Designation:C204–07 Designation: C204 – 11 Highway and Transportation Officials Standard
AASHTO No.: T 153
Standard Test Methods for
Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by Air-Permeability
1
Apparatus
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C204; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers determination of the fineness of hydraulic cement, using the Blaine air-permeability apparatus, in
terms of the specific surface expressed as total surface area in square centimetres per gram, or square metres per kilogram, of
cement. Two test methods are given: Test Method A is the Reference Test Method using the manually operated standard Blaine
apparatus, while Test Method B permits the use of automated apparatus that has in accordance with the qualification requirements
of this test method demonstrated acceptable performance. Although the test method may be, and has been, used for the
determination of the measures of fineness of various other materials, it should be understood that, in general, relative rather than
absolute fineness values are obtained.
1.1.1 Thistestmethodisknowntoworkwellforportlandcements.However,theusershouldexercisejudgementindetermining
its suitability with regard to fineness measurements of cements with densities, or porosities that differ from those assigned to
Standard Reference Material No. 114.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A582/A582M Specification for Free-Machining Stainless Steel Bars
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction Materials
E832 Specification for Laboratory Filter Papers
2.2 Other Document:
3
No. 114 National Institute of Standards and Technology Standard Reference Material
BS 4359: 1971 British Standard Method for the Determination of Specific Surface of Powders: Part 2: Air Permeability
4
Methods
TEST METHOD A: REFERENCE METHOD
3. Apparatus
3.1 Nature of Apparatus—The Blaine air-permeability apparatus consists essentially of a means of drawing a definite quantity
of air through a prepared bed of cement of definite porosity.The number and size of the pores in a prepared bed of definite porosity
is a function of the size of the particles and determines the rate of airflow through the bed.The apparatus, illustrated in Fig. 1, shall
consist specifically of the parts described in 3.2-3.8.
3.2 Permeability Cell—The permeability cell shall consist of a rigid cylinder 12.70 6 0.10 mm in inside diameter, constructed
of austenitic stainless steel. The interior of the cell shall have a finish of 0.81 µm (32 µin.). The top of the cell shall be at right
angles to the principal axis of the cell. The lower portion of the cell must be able to form an airtight fit with the upper end of the
1
manometer, so that there is no air leakage between the contacting surfaces. A ledge ⁄2 to 1 mm in width shall be an integral part
of the cell or be firmly fixed in the cell 55 6 10 mm from the top of the cell for support of the perforated metal disk. The top of
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C01 on Cement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.25 on Fineness .
Current edition approved Aug.June 1, 2007.2011. Published September 2007.August 2011. Originally approved in 1946. Last previous edition approved in 20052007 as
C204 – 057. DOI: 10.1520/C0204-07.10.1520/C0204-11.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. ForAnnualBookofASTMStandards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Dr., Stop 1070, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-1070, http://www.nist.gov.
4
Available from British Standards Institute (BSI), 389 Chiswick High Rd., London W4 4AL, U.K., http://www.bsi-global.com.
*A Summary of Changes section appears
...
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