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ASTM D3739-05

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Calculation and Adjustment of the Langelier Saturation Index for Reverse Osmosis

Standard Practice for Calculation and Adjustment of the Langelier Saturation Index for Reverse Osmosis

SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the calculation and adjustment of the Langelier saturation index for the concentrate stream of a reverse osmosis device. This index is used to determine the need for calcium carbonate scale control in the operation and design of reverse osmosis installations. This practice is applicable for concentrate streams containing xx 10 mg/L to 10000 mg/L of total dissolved solids.For concentrate containing over 10,000 mg/L see Practice D 4582.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Dec-2004
ICS
07.030 - Physics. Chemistry
Technical Committee
D19 - Water
Drafting Committee
D19.08 - Membranes and Ion Exchange Materials
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D3739-94(2003) - Standard Practice for Calculation and Adjustment of the Langelier Saturation Index for Reverse Osmosis
Effective Date
01-Jan-2005
Replaced By
ASTM D3739-06 - Standard Practice for Calculation and Adjustment of the Langelier Saturation Index for Reverse Osmosis
Effective Date
15-Dec-2006
Referred By
ASTM D6161-19 - Standard Terminology Used for Microfiltration, Ultrafiltration, Nanofiltration, and Reverse Osmosis Membrane Processes
Effective Date
01-Jan-2005
Referred By
ASTM D4582-23 - Standard Practice for Calculation and Adjustment of the Stiff and Davis Stability Index for Reverse Osmosis
Effective Date
01-Jan-2005

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ASTM D3739-05 - Standard Practice for Calculation and Adjustment of the Langelier Saturation Index for Reverse OsmosisASTM D3739-05 - Standard Practice for Calculation and Adjustment of the Langelier Saturation Index for Reverse Osmosis
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ASTM D3739-05 - Standard Practice for Calculation and Adjustment of the Langelier Saturation Index for Reverse Osmosis
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D 3739–05
Standard Practice for
Calculation and Adjustment of the Langelier Saturation
1
Index for Reverse Osmosis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3739; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D 4582 Practice for Calculation andAdjustment of the Stiff
and Davis Stability Index for Reverse Osmosis
1.1 This practice covers the calculation and adjustment of
D 6161 Terminology Used for Microfiltration, Ultrafiltra-
the Langelier saturation index for the concentrate stream of a
tion, Nanofiltration, and Reverse Osmosis Membrane Pro-
reverse osmosis device. This index is used to determine the
cesses
need for calcium carbonate scale control in the operation and
design of reverse osmosis installations. This practice is appli-
3. Terminology
cable for concentrate streams containing xx 10 mg/Lto 10 000
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this practice, refer to
mg/L of total dissolved solids.For concentrate containing over
Terminology D 1129 and Terminology D 6161.
10,000 mg/L see Practice D 4582.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.1 For descriptions of terms relating to reverse osmosis,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
refer to Test Methods D 4194.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.2 Langelier Saturation Index—an index calculated from
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
total dissolved solids, calcium concentration, total alkalinity,
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
pH, and solution temperature that shows the tendency of a
2. Referenced Documents water solution to precipitate or dissolve calcium carbonate.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4. Summary of Practice
D511 Test Methods for Calcium and Magnesium in Water
4.1 This practice consists of calculating the Langelier Satu-
D 1067 Test Methods for Acidity or Alkalinity of Water
ration Index for a reverse osmosis concentrate stream from the
D 1129 Terminology Relating to Water
total dissolved solids, calcium ion content, total alkalinity, pH,
D 1293 Test Method for pH of Water
and temperature of the feed solution, and the recovery of the
D 1888 Test Methods for Particulate and Dissolved Matter
3 reverse osmosis system.
in Water
4.2 This practice also presents techniques to lower the
D 4194 Test Methods for Operating Characteristics of
Langelier Saturation Index by decreasing the recovery, by
Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltratrion Devices
decreasing the calcium content of the feedwater, or by chang-
D 4195 Guide for Water Analysis for Reverse Osmosis
ing the ratio of total alkalinity to free carbon dioxide in the
Application
feedwater.
5. Significance and Use
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and
5.1 In the design and operation of reverse osmosis installa-
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.08 on Membranes and Ion
tions, it is important to predict the calcium carbonate scaling
Exchange Materials.
properties of the concentrate stream. Because of the increase in
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2005. Published January 2005. Originally
total dissolved solids in the concentrate stream and the differ-
approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 3739 – 94 (2003).
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
ence in passages for calcium ion, bicarbonate ion, and free
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
CO , the calcium carbonate scaling properties of the concen-
2
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
trate stream will generally be quite different from those of the
the ASTM website.
3
Withdrawn. feed solution. This practice permits the calculation of the
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D 3739–05
Langelier Saturation Index for the concentrate stream from the
Ca = calcium concentration in concentrate, as CaCO ,
c 3
feed water analyses and the reverse osmosis operating param-
mg/L,
eters.
Ca = calcium concentration in feed, as CaCO , mg/L,
f 3
5.2 A positive Langelier Saturation Index indicates the Y = recovery of the reverse osmosis system, ex-
tendency to form a calcium carbonate scale, which can be pressed as a decimal, and
SP = calcium ion passage, expressed as a decimal.
damaging to reverse osmosis performance. This practice gives
Ca
variou
...

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5.1 In the design and operation of RO installations, it is important to predict the calcium carbonate scaling properties of the concentrate stream. Because of the increase in total dissolved solids in the concentrate stream and the difference in passages for calcium ion, bicarbonate ion, and free carbon dioxide, the calcium carbonate scaling properties of the concentrate stream will generally be quite different from those of the feed solution. This practice permits the calculation of the Langelier saturation index for the concentrate stream from the feed water analyses and the RO operating parameters.  
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