ASTM F109-91(1996)
(Terminology)Standard Terminology Relating to Surface Imperfections on Ceramics
Standard Terminology Relating to Surface Imperfections on Ceramics
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology describes and illustrates imperfections observed on whitewares and related products. For additional definitions of terms relating to whitewares and related products, refer to Terminology C242. To observe these defects, examination shall be performed visually, with or without the aid of a dye penetrant, as described in Test Method C949. Agreement by the manufacturer and the purchaser regarding specific techniques of observation is strongly recommended.
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Designation: F 109 – 91 (Reapproved 1996)
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Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Terminology Relating to
Surface Imperfections on Ceramics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 109; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope burr—fragment of excess material or foreign particle adhering
to the surface.
1.1 This terminology describes and illustrates imperfections
observed on whitewares and related products. For additional
definitions of terms relating to whitewares and related prod-
ucts, refer to Terminology C 242. To observe these defects,
examination shall be performed visually, with or without the
aid of a dye penetrant, as described in Test Method C 949.
Agreement by the manufacturer and the purchaser regarding
specific techniques of observation is strongly recommended.
camber—a single arch of curvature. (See also waviness.)
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C 242 Terminology of Ceramic Whitewares and Related
Products
C 949 Test Method for Porosity in Vitreous Whitewares by
Dye Penetration
E 165 Practice for Liquid Penetrant Inspection Method
3. Terminology
blemish—strained or discolored area attributable to normal
chip—area along an edge or corner where the material has
composition or forming, or both. (See also inclusion.)
broken off.
blister—bubble or gaseous inclusion at the surface which if
where:
broken could form a pit, pock, or hole.
w 5 width
l 5 length, and
d 5 depth.
closed chip—fractured area on the edge or corner when the
material has not broken off (Syn. potential chip).
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C-21 on
Ceramic Whitewares and Related Productsand is the direct responsibility of
Subcomittee C21.01 on Nomenclature.
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 1991. Published February 1992. Originally
e1
published as F 109 – 69 T. Last previous edition F 109 – 73 (1991) .
where:
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.02.
W 5 width
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.03.
F 109
l 5 length, and
d 5 depth.
crack—line of fracture without complete separation.
lump—a raised area on the surface having the appearance of
fin—fine feather-edge protrusion from the surface (Syn. flash).
being solid.
pit—a shallow depression or crater in which all surfaces are
visible by normal (20/20) visio
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