ASTM D4683-13
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measuring Viscosity of New and Used Engine Oils at High Shear Rate and High Temperature by Tapered Bearing Simulator Viscometer at 150 °C
Standard Test Method for Measuring Viscosity of New and Used Engine Oils at High Shear Rate and High Temperature by Tapered Bearing Simulator Viscometer at 150 °C
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Viscosity values at the shear rate and temperature of this test method have been indicated to be related to the viscosity providing hydrodynamic lubrication in automotive and heavy duty engines in severe service.4
5.2 The viscosities of engine oils under such high temperatures and shear rates are also related to their effects on fuel efficiency and the importance of high shear rate, high temperature viscosity has been addressed in a number of publications and presentations.4
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination of the viscosity of engine oils at 150 °C and 1.0·106 s−1 using a viscometer having a slightly tapered rotor and stator called the Tapered Bearing Simulator (TBS) Viscometer.2
1.2 The Newtonian calibration oils used to establish this test method range from approximately 1.2 mPa·s to 7.7 mPa·s at 150 °C. The precision has only been determined for the viscosity range 1.47 mPa·s to 5.09 mPa·s at 150 °C for the materials listed in the precision section.
1.3 The non-Newtonian reference oil used to establish the shear rate of 1.0·106 s−1 for this test method has a viscosity closely held to 3.55 mPa·s at 150 °C by using the absolute viscometry of the TBS.
1.4 Manual, semi-automated, and fully automated TBS viscometers were used in developing the precision statement for this test method.
1.5 Application to petroleum products such as base oils and formulated engine oils was determined in preparing the viscometric information for this test method.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6.1 This test method uses the milliPascal·second (mPa·s) as the unit of viscosity. This unit is equivalent to the centipoise (cP).
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D4683 − 13
Standard Test Method for
Measuring Viscosity of New and Used Engine Oils at High
Shear Rate and High Temperature by Tapered Bearing
1
Simulator Viscometer at 150 °C
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4683; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination of
6 −1 bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
the viscosity of engine oils at 150°C and 1.0·10 s using a
viscometer having a slightly tapered rotor and stator called the
2 2. Referenced Documents
Tapered Bearing Simulator (TBS) Viscometer.
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.2 TheNewtoniancalibrationoilsusedtoestablishthistest
D4741Test Method for Measuring Viscosity at High Tem-
method range from approximately 1.2mPa·s to 7.7 mPa·s at
peratureandHighShearRatebyTapered-PlugViscometer
150°C. The precision has only been determined for the
D5481Test Method for Measuring Apparent Viscosity at
viscosity range 1.47mPa·s to 5.09 mPa·s at 150°C for the
High-TemperatureandHigh-ShearRatebyMulticellCap-
materials listed in the precision section.
illary Viscometer
1.3 The non-Newtonian reference oil used to establish the
D6300Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias
6 −1
shear rate of 1.0·10 s for this test method has a viscosity
Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products and
closely held to 3.55 mPa·s at 150°C by using the absolute
Lubricants
viscometry of the TBS.
D6708Practice for StatisticalAssessment and Improvement
of Expected Agreement Between Two Test Methods that
1.4 Manual, semi-automated, and fully automated TBS
viscometers were used in developing the precision statement Purport to Measure the Same Property of a Material
for this test method.
3. Terminology
1.5 Application to petroleum products such as base oils and
formulated engine oils was determined in preparing the visco-
3.1 Definitions:
metric information for this test method. 3.1.1 apparent viscosity, n—viscosity of a non-Newtonian
liquid determined by this test method at a particular shear rate
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
and shear stress.
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3.1.2 Newtonian oil or liquid, n—oilorliquidthatatagiven
standard.
temperature exhibits a constant viscosity at all shear rates and
1.6.1 This test method uses the milliPascal·second (mPa·s)
shear stresses.
astheunitofviscosity.Thisunitisequivalenttothecentipoise
(cP).
3.1.3 non-Newtonian oil or liquid, n—oil or liquid that
exhibits a viscosity that varies with changing shear stress and
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
shear rate.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.4 shear rate, n—velocity gradient in liquid flow in
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
millimetrespersecondpermillimetre(mm/spermm)resulting
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
from applied shear stress. The System International (SI) unit
Subcommittee D02.07 on Flow Properties.
-1
for shear rate is reciprocal seconds, s .
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2013. Published November 2013. Originally
approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D4683–10. DOI:
10.1520/D4683-13.
2
The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time
3
is Tannas Co., 4800 James Savage Rd., Midland, MI 48642. If you are aware of For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Headquarters.Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
1
responsible technical committee, which you may attend. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4683 − 13
3.1.4.1 Discussion—The velocity gradient in the tapered whether the viscometer is being used in the manual or
bearing simulator viscometer is constant at any chosen rotor- automated (programmed) mode.
stator ga
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4683 − 10 D4683 − 13
Standard Test Method for
Measuring Viscosity of New and Used Engine Oils at High
Shear Rate and High Temperature by Tapered Bearing
1
Simulator Viscometer at 150 °C
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4683; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
6 −1
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination of the viscosity of engine oils at 150 °C and 1.0·10 s using a
2
viscometer having a slightly tapered rotor and stator called the Tapered Bearing Simulator (TBS) Viscometer.
1.2 The Newtonian calibration oils used to establish this test method range from approximately 1.2 mPa·s 1.2 mPa·s to 7.7
mPa·s at 150 °C. The precision has only been determined for the viscosity range 1.47 mPa·s to 5.09 mPa·s at 150 °C for the
materials listed in the precision section.
6 −1
1.3 The non-Newtonian reference oil used to establish the shear rate of 1.0·10 s for this test method has a viscosity closely
held to 3.55 mPa·s at 150 °C.150 °C by using the absolute viscometry of the TBS.
1.4 Manual, semi-automated, and fully automated TBS viscometers were used in developing the precision statement for this test
method.
1.5 Application to petroleum products other than engine oils has not been such as base oils and formulated engine oils was
determined in preparing the viscometric information for this test method.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6.1 This test method uses the milliPascal·second (mPa·s) as the unit of viscosity. This unit is equivalent to the centipoise (cP).
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D4741 Test Method for Measuring Viscosity at High Temperature and High Shear Rate by Tapered-Plug Viscometer
D5481 Test Method for Measuring Apparent Viscosity at High-Temperature and High-Shear Rate by Multicell Capillary
Viscometer
D6300 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products and Lubricants
D6708 Practice for Statistical Assessment and Improvement of Expected Agreement Between Two Test Methods that Purport
to Measure the Same Property of a Material
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.07 on Flow Properties.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010Oct. 1, 2013. Published November 2010November 2013. Originally approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 20092010
as D4683D4683 – 10.–09. DOI: 10.1520/D4683-10.10.1520/D4683-13.
2
The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time is Tannas Co., 4800 James Savage Rd., Midland, MI 48642. If you are aware of alternative
suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical
1
committee, which you may attend.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4683 − 13
3.1.1 density—apparent viscosity, n—mass per unit volume of the test liquid. In SI, the unit of density is the kilogram per cubic
metre, but, for practical use, a submultiple is more convenient. Thus, gram per cubic centimetre is customarily used and is
equivalent to 10viscosity of a non-Newtonian liquid determined by this test method at a particular shear rate and shear
3 3
stress. kg/m .
3.
...
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