ASTM E2060-06

Standard Guide for Use of Coal Combustion Products for Solidification/Stabilization of Inorganic Wastes

SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers methods for selection and application of coal combustion products (CCPs) for use in the chemical stabilization of trace elements in wastes and wastewater. These elements include, but are not limited to, arsenic, barium, boron, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, lead, molybdenum, nickel, selenium, vanadium, and zinc. Chemical stabilization may be accompanied by solidification of the waste treated. Solidification is not a requirement for the stabilization of many trace elements, but does offer advantages in waste handling and in reduced permeability of the stabilized waste.
1.1.1 Solidification is an important factor in treatment of wastes and especially wastewaters. Solidification/Stabilization (S/S) technology is often used to treat wastes containing free liquids. This guide addresses the use of CCPs as a stabilizing agent without the addition of other materials; however, stabilization or chemical fixation may also be achieved by using combinations of CCPs and other products such as lime, lime kiln dust, cement kiln dust, cement, and others. CCPs used alone or in combination with other reagents promote stabilization of many inorganic constituents through a variety of mechanisms. These mechanisms include precipitation as carbonates, silicates, sulfates, and so forth; microencapsulation of the waste particles through pozzolanic reactions; formation of metal precipitates; and formation of hydrated phases (). Long-term performance of the stabilized waste is an issue that must be addressed in considering any S/S technology. In this guide, several tests are recommended to aid in evaluating the long-term performance of the stabilized wastes.
1.2 The CCPs that are suited to this application include fly ash, spent dry scrubber sorbents, and certain advanced sulfur control by-products from processes such as duct injection and fluidized-bed combustion (FBC).
1.3 The wastes or wastewater, or both, containing the problematic inorganic species will likely be highly variable, so the chemical characteristics of the waste or wastewater to be treated must be determined and considered in the selection and application of any stabilizing agent, including CCPs. In any waste stabilization process, laboratory-scale tests for compatibility between the candidate waste or wastewater for stabilization with one or more selected CCPs and final waste stability are recommended prior to full-scale application of the stabilizing agent.
1.4 This guide does not intend to recommend full-scale processes or procedures for waste stabilization. Full-scale processes should be designed and carried out by qualified scientists, engineers, and environmental professionals. It is recommended that stabilized materials generated at the full-scale stabilization site be subjected to testing to verify laboratory test results.
1.5 The utilization of CCPs under this guide is a component of a pollution prevention program; Guide E 1609 describes pollution prevention activities in more detail. Utilization of CCPs in this manner conserves land, natural resources, and energy.
1.6 This guide applies only to CCPs produced primarily from the combustion of coal. It does not apply to ash or other combustion products derived from the burning of waste; municipal, industrial, or commercial garbage; sewage sludge or other refuse, or both; derived fuels; wood waste products; rice hulls; agricultural waste; or other noncoal fuels.
1.7 Regulations governing the use of CCPs vary by state. The user of this guide has the responsibility to determine and comply with applicable regulations.
1.8 It is recommended that work performed under this guide be designed and carried out by qualified scientists, engineers, and environmental professionals.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine ...

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Sep-2006
• ICS: 13.030.40 - Installations and equipment for waste disposal and treatment
• Technical Committee: E50 - Environmental Assessment, Risk Management and Corrective Action
• Drafting Committee: E50.03 - Beneficial Use

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM E2060-00 - Standard Guide for Use of Coal Combustion Products for Solidification/Stabilization of Inorganic Wastes
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2006
• Referred By: ASTM E3355-23 - Standard Guide for Characterization of Coal Combustion Products (CCPs) in Storage Area(s) for Beneficial Use
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2006

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:E2060 −06
StandardGuide for
Use of Coal Combustion Products for Solidification/
1
Stabilization of Inorganic Wastes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2060; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.3 The wastes or wastewater, or both, containing the
problematic inorganic species will likely be highly variable, so
1.1 This guide covers methods for selection and application
the chemical characteristics of the waste or wastewater to be
of coal combustion products (CCPs) for use in the chemical
treated must be determined and considered in the selection and
stabilization of trace elements in wastes and wastewater. These
application of any stabilizing agent, including CCPs. In any
elementsinclude,butarenotlimitedto,arsenic,barium,boron,
waste stabilization process, laboratory-scale tests for compat-
cadmium, chromium, cobalt, lead, molybdenum, nickel,
ibility between the candidate waste or wastewater for stabili-
selenium, vanadium, and zinc. Chemical stabilization may be
zation with one or more selected CCPs and final waste stability
accompanied by solidification of the waste treated. Solidifica-
are recommended prior to full-scale application of the stabi-
tion is not a requirement for the stabilization of many trace
lizing agent.
elements, but does offer advantages in waste handling and in
reduced permeability of the stabilized waste.
1.4 This guide does not intend to recommend full-scale
1.1.1 Solidification is an important factor in treatment of
processes or procedures for waste stabilization. Full-scale
wastes and especially wastewaters. Solidification/Stabilization
processes should be designed and carried out by qualified
(S/S) technology is often used to treat wastes containing free
scientists, engineers, and environmental professionals. It is
liquids. This guide addresses the use of CCPs as a stabilizing
recommended that stabilized materials generated at the full-
agent without the addition of other materials; however, stabi-
scale stabilization site be subjected to testing to verify labora-
lization or chemical fixation may also be achieved by using
tory test results.
combinations of CCPs and other products such as lime, lime
1.5 The utilization of CCPs under this guide is a component
kiln dust, cement kiln dust, cement, and others. CCPs used
of a pollution prevention program; Guide E1609 describes
alone or in combination with other reagents promote stabiliza-
tion of many inorganic constituents through a variety of pollution prevention activities in more detail. Utilization of
CCPs in this manner conserves land, natural resources, and
mechanisms. These mechanisms include precipitation as
carbonates, silicates, sulfates, and so forth; microencapsulation energy.
of the waste particles through pozzolanic reactions; formation
1.6 This guide applies only to CCPs produced primarily
2
of metal precipitates; and formation of hydrated phases (1-4).
from the combustion of coal. It does not apply to ash or other
Long-term performance of the stabilized waste is an issue that
combustion products derived from the burning of waste;
must be addressed in considering any S/S technology. In this
municipal,industrial,orcommercialgarbage;sewagesludgeor
guide, several tests are recommended to aid in evaluating the
other refuse, or both; derived fuels; wood waste products; rice
long-term performance of the stabilized wastes.
hulls; agricultural waste; or other noncoal fuels.
1.2 The CCPs that are suited to this application include fly
1.7 Regulations governing the use of CCPs vary by state.
ash, spent dry scrubber sorbents, and certain advanced sulfur
The user of this guide has the responsibility to determine and
control by-products from processes such as duct injection and
comply with applicable regulations.
fluidized-bed combustion (FBC).
1.8 It is recommended that work performed under this guide
be designed and carried out by qualified scientists, engineers,
1
ThisguideisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE50onEnvironmental and environmental professionals.
Assessment, Risk Management and Corrective Action and is the direct responsibil-
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ity of Subcommittee E50.03 on Pollution Prevention/Beneficial Use.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2006. Published October 2006. Originally
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as F2060 – 00. DOI:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
10.1520/E2060-06.
2 priate safety and health practi
...