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ASTM D6751-02a

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel (B100) Blend Stock for Distillate Fuels

Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel (B100) Blend Stock for Distillate Fuels

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers low sulfur biodiesel (B100) for use as a blend component with diesel fuel oils defined by Specification D 975 Grades 1-D, 2-D, and low sulfur 1-D and 2-D.
1.2 Biodiesel may be blended with fuel oils whose sulfur or aromatic levels are outside Specification D 975 Grades 1-D, 2-D, and low sulfur 1-D and 2-D, provided the finished mixture meets pertinent national and local specifications and requirements for these properties.
1.3 This specification, unless otherwise provided by agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, prescribes the required properties of biodiesel fuel at the time and place of delivery.
1.4 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance of federal, state, or local regulations which may be more restrictive.
Note 1—The generation and dissipation of static electricity can create problems in the handling of distillate fuel oils with which biodiesel may be blended. For more information on the subject, see Guide D 4865.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Nov-2002
ICS
75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.E0 - Burner, Diesel and Non-Aviation Gas Turbine Fuels
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D6751-02 - Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel (B100) Blend Stock for Distillate Fuels
Effective Date
10-Nov-2002
Replaced By
ASTM D6751-03 - Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel (B100) Blend Stock for Distillate Fuels
Effective Date
10-May-2003
Referred By
ASTM D7689-21 - Standard Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels (Mini Method)
Effective Date
10-Nov-2002
Referred By
ASTM D7371-14(2022) - Standard Test Method for Determination of Biodiesel (Fatty Acid Methyl Esters) Content in Diesel Fuel Oil Using Mid Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR-PLS Method)
Effective Date
10-Nov-2002
Referred By
ASTM D6217-21 - Standard Test Method for Particulate Contamination in Middle Distillate Fuels by Laboratory Filtration<rangeref></rangeref >
Effective Date
10-Nov-2002
Referred By
ASTM D7619-22 - Standard Test Method for Sizing and Counting Particles in Light and Middle Distillate Fuels, by Automatic Particle Counter
Effective Date
10-Nov-2002
Referred By
ASTM D7861-14(2019) - Standard Test Method for Determination of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) in Diesel Fuel by Linear Variable Filter (LVF) Array Based Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy
Effective Date
10-Nov-2002
Referred By
ASTM D8183-22 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Indicated Cetane Number (ICN) of Diesel Fuel Oils using a Constant Volume Combustion Chamber—Reference Fuels Calibration Method
Effective Date
10-Nov-2002
Referred By
ASTM D7806-20 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Biodiesel (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) and Triglyceride Content in Diesel Fuel Oil Using Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR Transmission Method)
Effective Date
10-Nov-2002
Referred By
ASTM D7042-21a - Standard Test Method for Dynamic Viscosity and Density of Liquids by Stabinger Viscometer (and the Calculation of Kinematic Viscosity)
Effective Date
10-Nov-2002
Referred By
ASTM D8274-20a - Standard Test Method for Determination of Biodiesel (Fatty Acid Methyl Esters) Content in Diesel Fuel Oil by Portable Rapid Mid-Infrared Analyzer
Effective Date
10-Nov-2002
Referred By
ASTM D8144-22 - Standard Test Method for Separation and Determination of Aromatics, Nonaromatics, and FAME Fractions in Middle Distillates by Solid-Phase Extraction and Gas Chromatography
Effective Date
10-Nov-2002
Referred By
ASTM D7963-22 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Contamination Level of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters in Middle Distillate and Residual Fuels Using Flow Analysis by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy—Rapid Screening Method
Effective Date
10-Nov-2002
Referred By
ASTM D4737-21 - Standard Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index by Four Variable Equation
Effective Date
10-Nov-2002
Referred By
ASTM D8181-19 - Standard Specification for Microemulsion Blendstock for Preparing Microemulsion Test Fuel Oils
Effective Date
10-Nov-2002

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ASTM D6751-02a - Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel (B100) Blend Stock for Distillate FuelsASTM D6751-02a - Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel (B100) Blend Stock for Distillate Fuels
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ASTM D6751-02a - Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel (B100) Blend Stock for Distillate Fuels
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
An American National Standard
Designation: D 6751 – 02a
Standard Specification for
1
Biodiesel Fuel (B100) Blend Stock for Distillate Fuels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6751; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
2
1. Scope by Potentiometric Titration
D 874 Test Method for Sulfated Ash from Lubricating Oils
1.1 This specification covers low sulfur biodiesel (B100) for
2
and Additives
use as a blend component with diesel fuel oils defined by
D 974 Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color-
Specification D 975 Grades 1-D, 2-D, and low sulfur 1-D and
2
Indicator Titration
2-D.
2
D 975 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils
1.2 Biodiesel may be blended with fuel oils whose sulfur or
D 976 Test Methods for Calculated Cetane Index of Distil-
aromatic levels are outside Specification D 975 Grades 1-D,
2
late Fuels
2-D, and low sulfur 1-D and 2-D, provided the finished mixture
D 1160 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products
meets pertinent national and local specifications and require-
2
at Reduced Pressure
ments for these properties.
D 1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products
1.3 This specification, unless otherwise provided by agree-
2
(Lamp Method)
ment between the purchaser and the supplier, prescribes the
D 1796 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Fuel Oils by
required properties of biodiesel fuel at the time and place of
2
the Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)
delivery.
D 2274 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Distillate
1.4 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance
2
Fuel Oil (Accelerated Method)
of federal, state, or local regulations which may be more
D 2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Prod-
restrictive.
2
ucts
NOTE 1—The generation and dissipation of static electricity can create
D 2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by
problems in the handling of distillate fuel oils with which biodiesel may
2
Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
be blended. For more information on the subject, see Guide D 4865.
D 2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle
2
Distillate Fuels by Centrifuge
2. Referenced Documents
2
D 2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel Oils
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 3117 Test Method for Wax Appearance Point of Distillate
D 93 Test Methods for Flash-Point by Pensky-Martens
2
2 Fuels
Closed Cup Tester
D 3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in Light
D 130 Test Method for Detection of Copper Corrosion from
2 Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcou-
Petroleum Products by the Copper Strip Tarnish Test
2
lometry
D 189 Test Method for Conradson Carbon Residue of
4
2 D 3242 Test Method for Acidity in Aviation Turbine Fuel
Petroleum Products
D 3828 Test Method for Flash Point by Small Scale Closed
D 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
4
Tester
and Opaque Liquids (the Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
2
ity)
4
Petroleum Products
D 524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue of
D 4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
2
Petroleum Products
4
3 Petroleum Products
D 613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel Oil
D 4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum
D 664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products
Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spec-
4
trometry
D 4530 Test Method for Determination of Carbon Residue
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
4
(Micro Method)
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.E0 on Burner, Diesel, Non-Aviation Gas Turbine and Marine Fuels. D 4737 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index by Four
4
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 2002. Published February 2003. Originally
Variable Equation
approved in 1999 as PS 121–99. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as
D 6751–02.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
3 4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.05. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 6751 – 02a
D 4865 Guide for Generation and Dissipation of Static 4. Requirements
4
Electricity in Petroleum Fuel Systems
4.1 The biodiesel specified shall be mono-alkyl esters of
D 4951 Test Method fo
...

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1.1 This guide provides procedures to develop data for use in research reports for new aviation gasolines or new aviation gasoline additives.  
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1.3 These research reports are intended to support the development and issuance of new specifications or specification revisions for these products. Guidance to develop ASTM International standard specifications for aviation gasoline is provided in Subcommittee J on Aviation Fuels Operating Procedures, Annex A6, “Guidelines for the Development and Acceptance of a New Aviation Fuel Specification for Spark-Ignition Reciprocating Engines.”  
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5.1 Some acids can be present in aviation turbine fuels due either to the acid treatment during the refining process or to naturally occurring organic acids. Significant acid contamination is not likely to be present because of the many check tests made during the various stages of refining. However, trace amounts of acid can be present and are undesirable because of the consequent tendencies of the fuel to corrode metals that it contacts or to impair the water separation characteristics of the aviation turbine fuel.  
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1.4 This test method uses inter-element correction factors calculated from XRF theory, the fundamental parameters (FP) approach, or best fit regression.  
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5.1 The hydrogen content represents a fundamental quality of a petroleum product that has been correlated with many of the performance characteristics of that product.  
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1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the hydrogen content of petroleum products ranging from atmospheric distillates to vacuum residua using a continuous wave, low-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer. (Test Method D3701 is the preferred method for determining the hydrogen content of aviation turbine fuels using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.)  
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5.1 The tendency of a fuel to vaporize in automotive engine fuel systems is indicated by the vapor-liquid ratio of the fuel.  
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the temperature at which the vapor formed from a selected volume of volatile petroleum product saturated with air at 0 °C to 1 °C (32 °F to 34 °F) produces a pressure of 101.3 kPa (one atmosphere) against vacuum. This test method is applicable to samples for which the determined temperature is between 36 °C and 80 °C (97 °F and 176 °F) and the vapor-liquid ratio is between 8 to 1 and 75 to 1.
Note 1: When the vapor-liquid ratio is 20:1, the result is intended to be comparable to the results determined by Test Method D2533.
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1.2.1 Some gasoline-oxygenate blends may show a haze when cooled to 0 °C to 1 °C. If a haze is observed in 12.5, it shall be indicated in the reporting of results. The precision and bias statements for hazy samples have not been determined (see Note 12).  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.3.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.  
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Standard Test Method for Measurement of Lubricity of Aviation Turbine Fuels by the Ball-on-Cylinder Lubricity Evaluator (BOCLE)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Wear due to excessive friction resulting in shortened life of engine components such as fuel pumps and fuel controls has sometimes been ascribed to lack of lubricity in an aviation fuel.  
5.2 The relationship of test results to aviation fuel system component distress due to wear has been demonstrated for some fuel/hardware combinations where boundary lubrication is a factor in the operation of the component.  
5.3 The wear scar generated in the ball-on-cylinder lubricity evaluator (BOCLE) test is sensitive to contamination of the fluids and test materials, the presence of oxygen and water in the atmosphere, and the temperature of the test. Lubricity measurements are also sensitive to trace materials acquired during sampling and storage. Containers specified in Practice D4306 shall be used.  
5.4 The BOCLE test method may not directly reflect operating conditions of engine hardware. For example, some fuels that contain a high content of certain sulfur compounds can give anomalous test results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers assessment of the wear aspects of the boundary lubrication properties of aviation turbine fuels on rubbing steel surfaces.  
1.1.1 This test method incorporates two procedures, one using a semi-automated instrument and the second a fully automated instrument. Either of the two instruments may be used to carry out the test.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D7398-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) in the Boiling Range from 100 °C to 615 °C by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The boiling range distribution of FAMES provides an insight into the composition of product related to the transesterification process. This gas chromatographic determination of boiling range can be used to replace conventional distillation methods for product specification testing with the mutual agreement of interested parties.  
5.2 Biodiesel (FAMES) exhibits a boiling point rather than a distillation curve. The fatty acid chains in the raw oils and fats from which biodiesel is produced are mainly comprised of straight chain hydrocarbons with 16 to 18 carbons that have similar boiling temperatures. The atmospheric boiling point of biodiesel generally ranges from 330 °C to 357 °C. The Specification D6751 value of 360 °C max at 90 % off by Test Method D1160 was incorporated as a precaution to ensure the fuel has not been adulterated with high boiling contaminants.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the boiling range distribution of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). This test method is applicable to FAMES (biodiesel, B100) having an initial boiling point greater than 100 °C and a final boiling point less than 615 °C at atmospheric pressure as measured by this test method.  
1.2 The test method can also be applicable to blends of diesel and biodiesel (B1 through B100), however precision for these samples types has not been evaluated.  
1.3 The test method is not applicable for analysis of petroleum containing low molecular weight components (for example naphthas, reformates, gasolines, crude oils).  
1.4 Boiling range distributions obtained by this test method are not equivalent to results from low efficiency distillation such as those obtained with Test Method D86 or D1160, especially the initial and final boiling points.  
1.5 This test method uses the principles of simulated distillation methodology. See Test Methods D2887, D6352, and D7213.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7484-23a(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Valve-Train Wear Performance in Cummins ISB Medium-Duty Diesel Engine

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method was developed to assess the performance of a heavy-duty engine oil in controlling engine wear under operating conditions selected to accelerate soot production and valve-train wear in a turbocharged and aftercooled four-cycle diesel engine with sliding tappet followers equipped with exhaust gas recirculation hardware.  
5.2 The design of the engine used in this test method is representative of many, but not all, modern diesel engines. This factor, along with the accelerated operating conditions, shall be considered when extrapolating test results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method, commonly referred to as the Cummins ISB Test, covers the utilization of a modern, 5.9 L, diesel engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation and is used to evaluate oil performance with regard to valve-train wear.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—SI units are provided for all parameters except where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source of supply equipment specification.  
1.2.2 See also A7.1 for clarification; it does not supersede 1.2 and 1.2.1.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A1 for general safety precautions.  
1.4 Table of Contents:    
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus  
6  
Engine Fluids and Cleaning Solvents  
7  
Preparation of Apparatus  
8  
Engine/Stand Calibration and Non-Reference Oil Tests  
9  
Test Procedure  
10  
Calculations, Ratings, and Test Validity  
11  
Report  
12  
Precision and Bias  
13  
Annexes  
Safety Precautions  
Annex A1  
Intake Air Aftercooler  
Annex A2  
The Cummins ISB Engine Build Parts Kit  
Annex A3  
Sensor Locations and Special Hardware  
Annex A4  
External Oil System  
Annex A5  
Cummins Service Publications  
Annex A6  
Specified Units and Formats  
Annex A7  
Oil Analyses  
Annex A8  
Alternate Fuel Approval Process  
Annex A9  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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