ASTM F1166-21
(Practice)Standard Practice for Human Engineering Design for Marine Systems, Equipment, and Facilities
Standard Practice for Human Engineering Design for Marine Systems, Equipment, and Facilities<rangeref></rangeref >
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The objective of this practice is to provide ergonomic design criteria for maritime vessels and structures to ensure that maritime systems and equipment are designed in compliance with requirements for human performance, human workload, health and safety, survivability, and habitability.
4.2 Principles of Human Behavior:
4.2.1 There are basic principles of human behavior that control or influence how each person performs in their workplace. Some of these behaviors are culturally derived, while others are general and uniform across all cultures and geographical regions of the world. These behaviors influence a person’s physical, social, and psychological approach toward the work they do and how safely they do that work. Failure to satisfy these behavioral principles in the design of a ship or maritime structure can encourage, or even coerce, maritime personnel into taking unsafe risks in their everyday activities. It is, therefore, imperative that designers of ships and maritime equipment, systems, and facilities know these principles to provide a safe and efficient workplace for maritime personnel.
4.2.2 These principles include:
4.2.2.1 If the design of the ship or maritime facility is considered to be unsafe or inefficient by the crew, it will be modified by the users, often solving the initial problem but introducing others that may be as bad, or worse, than the original.
4.2.2.2 Equipment design shall be such that it encourages safe use, that is, does not provide hardware and software that can be used in an unsafe manner.
4.2.2.3 If the equipment or system is not designed to operate as the users’ cultural and stereotypical expectations lead them to think that it will operate, the chance for human error is significantly increased.
4.2.2.4 If equipment or systems are perceived by operators/maintainers to be too complex or require more effort to operate or maintain than they believe is necessary, they will always look for a “shortcut.” Further...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides ergonomic design criteria from a human-machine perspective for the design and construction of maritime vessels and structures and for equipment, systems, and subsystems contained therein, including vendor-purchased hardware and software.
1.1.1 The focus of these design criteria is on the design and evaluation of human-machine interfaces, including the interfaces between humans on the one side and controls and displays, physical environments, structures, consoles, panels and workstations, layout and arrangement of ship spaces, maintenance workplaces, labels and signage, alarms, computer screens, material handling, valves, and other specific equipment on the other.
1.2 The criteria contained within this practice shall be applied to the design and construction of all hardware and software within a ship or maritime structure that the human crew members come in contact in any manner for operation, habitability, and maintenance purposes.
1.3 Unless otherwise stated in specific provisions of a ship or maritime structure design contract or specification, this practice is to be used to design maritime vessels, structures, equipment, systems, and subsystems to fit the full potential user population range of 5th % females to 95th % males.
1.4 This practice is divided into the following sections and subsections:
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section
and
Subsections
Title
1
Scope
2
Referenced Documents
3
Terminology
4
Significance and Use
5
Controls
5.1
Principles of Control Design
5.2
General Design Guidelines
5.3
Control Movement
5.4
Control Spacing
5.5
Coding of Controls
5.6
Control Use and Design
6
Displays
6.1
Visual Displays
6.2
Location, Orientation, Lighting, and Arrangement of Displays
6.3
Display Illumination
6.4
Display Types
6.5
Audible Displays
7
Alarm...
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Designation: F1166 − 21 An American National Standard
Standard Practice for
Human Engineering Design for Marine Systems, Equipment,
1,2
and Facilities
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1166; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section
1.1 This practice provides ergonomic design criteria from a
and Title
Subsections
human-machine perspective for the design and construction of
3 Terminology
maritime vessels and structures and for equipment, systems,
4 Significance and Use
and subsystems contained therein, including vendor-purchased
5 Controls
5.1 Principles of Control Design
hardware and software.
5.2 General Design Guidelines
1.1.1 The focus of these design criteria is on the design and
5.3 Control Movement
evaluation of human-machine interfaces, including the inter-
5.4 Control Spacing
faces between humans on the one side and controls and 5.5 Coding of Controls
5.6 Control Use and Design
displays, physical environments, structures, consoles, panels
6 Displays
and workstations, layout and arrangement of ship spaces,
6.1 Visual Displays
6.2 Location, Orientation, Lighting, and Arrangement of Displays
maintenance workplaces, labels and signage, alarms, computer
6.3 Display Illumination
screens, material handling, valves, and other specific equip-
6.4 Display Types
ment on the other.
6.5 Audible Displays
7 Alarms
1.2 The criteria contained within this practice shall be
7.1 General Alarm Requirements
applied to the design and construction of all hardware and 7.2 Visual Alarms
7.3 Audible Alarms
software within a ship or maritime structure that the human
7.4 Voice Messages
crew members come in contact in any manner for operation,
7.5 Alarm Initiation Stations
habitability, and maintenance purposes.
7.6 Alarm Requirements by IMO
8 Integration of Controls, Displays, and Alarms
1.3 Unless otherwise stated in specific provisions of a ship
8.1 Principles of Design
8.2 Grouping Relationships—Principles of Arrangement
or maritime structure design contract or specification, this
8.3 Separating Groupings
practice is to be used to design maritime vessels, structures,
8.4 Position Relationships of Displays and Alarms
equipment, systems, and subsystems to fit the full potential
8.5 Position Relationships of Controls to Associated Displays and
Alarms
user population range of 5th % females to 95th % males.
8.6 Control and Display Movement Relationships
1.4 This practice is divided into the following sections and 8.7 Spatial Relationship Between Controls, Displays, and Equipment
8.8 Alternative Approach to Grouping Design
subsections:
8.9 Special Requirements for Control and Display Integration on
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Bridges
Section
9 Anthropometry
and Title
9.1 General Design Requirements
Subsections
9.2 Static Anthropometric Data
1 Scope
10 Workplace Arrangements
2 Referenced Documents
10.1 Basic Principles of Workplace Design
10.2 Seated Workstation
10.3 Standing Workstation
10.4 Kneeling Workstation
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F25 on Ships and 10.5 Squatting Workstation
Marine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.07 on 10.6 Shelving
10.7 Status Boards and File Cabinets
General Requirements.
10.8 Work Benches
Current edition approved June 15, 2021. Published November 2021. Originally
10.9 Vertical Strainers and Filters
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as F1166 – 07 (2013).
10.10 Reach Limitations at Workstations
DOI: 10.1520/F1166-21.
2 10.11 Safety Eyewash Fountains and Showers
A user-friendly format of this standard is available for download from ASTM’s
10.12 Pedestal-Mounted Controls and Displays
website. While the content is the same, ASTM Practice F1166 in standard published
10.13 Hand Cranks and Pumps
format should be considered the official version (for any legal or liability purposes).
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F1166 − 21
TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section Section
and Title and Title
Subsections Subsections
10.14 Bulkhead-Mounted Equipment 15.6 Electrical System Labels
10.15 Equipment Racks, Cabinets, and Individual Equipment Spacing 15.7 Room, Deck Space, and Void Identification Labels
10.16 Consoles and Control Panels 15.8 Pipe Marker Labels
10.17 Bridge Design 15.9 Safe Working Load Identification Labels
11 Access Aids: Stairs
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F1166 − 07 (Reapproved 2013) F1166 − 21 An American National Standard
Standard Practice for
Human Engineering Design for Marine Systems, Equipment,
1,2
and Facilities
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1166; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice provides ergonomic design criteria from a human-machine perspective for the design and construction of
maritime vessels and structures and for equipments,equipment, systems, and subsystems contained therein, including vendor-
purchased hardware and software.
1.1.1 The focus of these design criteria is on the design and evaluation of human-machine interfaces, including the interfaces
between humans on the one side and controls and displays, physical environments, structures, consoles, panels and workstations,
layout and arrangement of ship spaces, maintenance workplaces, labels and signage, alarms, computer screens, material handling,
valves, and other specific equipmentsequipment on the other.
1.2 The criteria contained within this practice shall be applied to the design and construction of all hardware and software within
a ship or maritime structure that the human crew members come in contact in any manner for operation, habitability, and
maintenance purposes.
1.3 Unless otherwise stated in specific provisions of a ship or maritime structure design contract or specification, this practice is
to be used to design maritime vessels, structures, equipment, systems, and subsystems to fit the full potential user population range
of 5th % females to 95th % males.
1.4 This practice is divided into the following sections and subsections:
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section
and Title
Subsections
1 Scope
2 Referenced Documents
3 Terminology
4 Significance and Use
5 Controls
5.1 Principles of Control Design
5.2 General Design Guidelines
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F25 on Ships and Marine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.07 on General
Requirements.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2013June 15, 2021. Published October 2013November 2021. Originally approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 20072013
as F1166 – 07.F1166 – 07 (2013). DOI: 10.1520/F1166-07R13.10.1520/F1166-21.
2
A user-friendly format of this standard is available for download from ASTM’sASTM’s website. While the content is the same, ASTM Practice F1166 in standard
published format should be considered the official version (for any legal or liability purposes).
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F1166 − 21
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section
and Title
Subsections
5.3 Control Movement
5.4 Control Spacing
5.5 Coding of Controls
5.6 Control Use and Design
6 Displays
6.1 Visual Displays
6.2 Location, Orientation, Lighting, and Arrangement of Displays
6.3 Display Illumination
6.4 Display Types
6.5 Audible Displays
7 Alarms
7.1 General Alarm Requirements
7.2 Visual Alarms
7.3 Audible Alarms
7.4 Voice Messages
7.5 Alarm Initiation Stations
7.6 Alarm Requirements by IMO
8 Integration of Controls, Displays, and Alarms
8.1 Principles of Design
8.2 Grouping Relationships—Principles of Arrangement
8.3 Separating Groupings
8.4 Position Relationships of Displays and Alarms
8.5 Position Relationships of Controls to Associated Displays and Alarms
8.6 Control and Display Movement Relationships
8.7 Spatial Relationship Between Controls, Displays, and Equipment
8.8 Alternative Approach to Grouping Design
8.9 Special Requirements for Control and Display Integration on Bridges
9 Anthropometry
9.1 General Design Requirements
9.2 Static Anthropometric Data
10 Workplace Arrangements
10.1 Basic Principles of Workplace Design
10.2 Seated Workstation
10.3 Standing Workstation
10.4 Kneeling Workstation
10.5 Squatting Workstation
10.6 Shelving
10.7 Status Boards and File Cabinets
10.8 Work Benches
10.9 Vertical Strainers and Filters
10.10 Reach Limitations at Workstations
10.11 Safety Eyewash Fountains and Showers
10.12 Pedestal-Mounted Controls and Displays
10.13 Hand Cranks and Pumps
10.14 Bulkhead-Mounted Equipment
10.15
...
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