ASTM A745/A745M-12
(Practice)Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Austenitic Steel Forgings
Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Austenitic Steel Forgings
ABSTRACT
This test method deals with the procedures for the standard practice of performing contact, pulse-echo ultrasonic examination of austenitic steel forgings by the straight and angle beam techniques. This practice does not cover the ultrasonic examination of nonmagnetic retaining ring forgings. The instrument used for this test method shall be the electronic pulsed reflection type. Prior to examination, specimens shall be heat treated and machined to a rectangular, parallel, or concentric surface configuration, and its surface shall be free of extraneous material such as loose scale, paint, and dirt. Calibration of the apparatus shall be done by either the single-block method or distance-amplitude curve method. Choice of method to be employed shall be determined by the test metal distance involved. Quality levels for acceptance, established by the type and amount of indication present, are detailed thoroughly.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers straight and angle beam contact, pulse-echo ultrasonic examination of austenitic steel forgings produced in accordance with Practice A388/A388M and Specifications A965/A965M and A1049/A1049M.
1.2 Ultrasonic examination of nonmagnetic retaining ring forgings should be made to Practice A531/A531M rather than this practice.
1.3 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are provided for use at the option of the purchaser. The supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified individually by the purchaser in the purchase order or contract.
1.4 This practice is expressed in inch-pound and SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract specifies the applicable “M” specification designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply. The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the practice, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: A745/A745M − 12
StandardPractice for
1
Ultrasonic Examination of Austenitic Steel Forgings
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA745/A745M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* A531/A531M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of
2
Turbine-Generator Steel Retaining Rings
1.1 This practice covers straight and angle beam contact,
A965/A965M Specification for Steel Forgings, Austenitic,
pulse-echo ultrasonic examination of austenitic steel forgings
for Pressure and High Temperature Parts
producedinaccordancewithPracticeA388/A388MandSpeci-
A1049/A1049M Specification for Stainless Steel Forgings,
fications A965/A965M and A1049/A1049M.
Ferritic/Austenitic (Duplex), for Pressure Vessels and
1.2 Ultrasonic examination of nonmagnetic retaining ring
Related Components
forgings should be made to Practice A531/A531M rather than
E317 Practice for Evaluating Performance Characteristics of
this practice.
Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Testing Instruments and Systems
without the Use of Electronic Measurement Instruments
1.3 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are
provided for use at the option of the purchaser. The supple- E428 Practice for Fabrication and Control of Metal, Other
than Aluminum, Reference Blocks Used in Ultrasonic
mentary requirements shall apply only when specified indi-
vidually by the purchaser in the purchase order or contract. Testing
2.2 American Society for Nondestructive Testing Docu-
1.4 This practice is expressed in inch-pound and SI units;
4
ment:
however, unless the purchase order or contract specifies the
SNT-TC-1A RecommendedPracticeforNondestructivePer-
applicable “M” specification designation (SI units), the inch-
sonnel Qualification and Certification
pound units shall apply. The values stated in either inch-pound
units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard.
3. Ordering Information
Within the practice, the SI units are shown in brackets. The
3.1 When this practice is to be applied to an inquiry or
values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;
purchase order, the purchaser shall furnish the following
therefore,eachsystemshallbeusedindependentlyoftheother.
information:
Combining values from the two systems may result in noncon-
3.1.1 Quality level of examination (see Section 12).
formance with the standard.
3.1.2 Additional requirements to this practice.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.3 Applicability of supplementary requirements (see
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Supplementary Requirements section).
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.4 Supplementary requirements, if any.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 3.2 When specified, the manufacturer shall submit an ex-
amination procedure for purchaser approval that shall include,
2. Referenced Documents
but not be limited to, a sketch of the configuration as presented
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
for ultrasonic examination showing the surfaces to be scanned,
A388/A388M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Steel scanning directions, notch locations and sizes (if applicable),
Forgings
extent of coverage (if applicable), and an instruction listing
calibration and inspection details and stage of manufacture.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
Stainless Steel and Related Alloysand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee 4. Apparatus
A01.06 on Steel Forgings and Billets.
4.1 Electronic Apparatus—Apulse-echo instrument permit-
Current edition approved March 1, 2012. Published March 2012. Originally
approved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as A745/A745M – 94 ting inspection frequencies of 1, 2.25, and 5 MHz is required.
(2009). DOI: 10.1520/A0745_A0745M-12.
The accuracy of discontinuity amplitude analysis using this
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi-
practice involves a knowledge of the true operating frequency
cation SA-745/SA-745M in Section II of that Code.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from the American Society for Nondestructive Testing, 1711 Arlin-
the ASTM website. gate Lane, P.O. Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228–0518.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM Internationa
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:A745/A745M–94 (Reapproved 2009) Designation: A745/A745M – 12
Standard Practice for
1
Ultrasonic Examination of Austenitic Steel Forgings
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA745/A745M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
2
1.1 This practice covers the standards and procedures for the contact, pulse-echo ultrasonic examination of austenitic steel
forgings by the straight or angle beam techniques, or both.
1.2This practice shall be used whenever the inquiry, proposal, contract, order, or specification states that austenitic steel forgings
are to be subject to ultrasonic examination in accordance with Practice A745/A745M. Ultrasonic examination of nonmagnetic
retaining ring forgings should be made to Practice covers straight and angle beam contact, pulse-echo ultrasonic examination of
austenitic steel forgings produced in accordance with Practice A388/A388M and Specifications A965/A965M and A1049/
A1049M.
1.2 Ultrasonic examination of nonmagnetic retaining ring forgings should be made to Practice A531/A531M , not to this
practice.
1.3The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4This practice and the applicable material specifications are expressed in both inch-pound units and SI units. However, unless
the order specifies the applicable “M” specification designation [SI units], the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units.
rather than this practice.
1.3 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are provided for use at the option of the purchaser. The supplementary
requirements shall apply only when specified individually by the purchaser in the purchase order or contract.
1.4 Thispracticeisexpressedininch-poundandSIunits;however,unlessthepurchaseorderorcontractspecifiestheapplicable
“M” specification designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply. The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the practice, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system
may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two
systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A388/A388M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Steel Forgings
A531/A531M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Turbine-Generator Steel Retaining Rings
A965/A965M Specification for Steel Forgings, Austenitic, for Pressure and High Temperature Parts
A1049/A1049M Specification for Stainless Steel Forgings, Ferritic/Austenitic (Duplex), for Pressure Vessels and Related
Components
E317 Practice for Evaluating Performance Characteristics of Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Testing Instruments and Systems without
the Use of Electronic Measurement Instruments
E428 Practice for Fabrication and Control of Metal, Other than Aluminum, Reference Blocks Used in Ultrasonic Testing
4
2.2 American Society for Nondestructive Testing Document:
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.06
on Steel Forgings and Billets.
Current edition approved AprilMarch 1, 2009.2012. Published April 2009.March 2012. Originally approved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 20032009 as
A745/A745M – 94 (2003).(2009). DOI: 10.1520/A0745_A0745M-94R09. 10.1520/A0745_A0745M-12.
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specification SA-745/SA-745M in Section II of that Code.
3
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standar
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:A745/A745M–94 (Reapproved 2009) Designation: A745/A745M – 12
Standard Practice for
1
Ultrasonic Examination of Austenitic Steel Forgings
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA745/A745M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (ϵ) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
2
1.1 This practice covers the standards and procedures for the contact, pulse-echo ultrasonic examination of austenitic steel
forgings by the straight or angle beam techniques, or both.
1.2This practice shall be used whenever the inquiry, proposal, contract, order, or specification states that austenitic steel forgings
are to be subject to ultrasonic examination in accordance with Practice A745/A745M. Ultrasonic examination of nonmagnetic
retaining ring forgings should be made to Practice covers straight and angle beam contact, pulse-echo ultrasonic examination of
austenitic steel forgings produced in accordance with Practice A388/A388M and Specifications A965/A965M and A1049/
A1049M.
1.2 Ultrasonic examination of nonmagnetic retaining ring forgings should be made to Practice A531/A531M , not to this
practice.
1.3The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4This practice and the applicable material specifications are expressed in both inch-pound units and SI units. However, unless
the order specifies the applicable “M” specification designation [SI units], the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units.
rather than this practice.
1.3 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are provided for use at the option of the purchaser. The supplementary
requirements shall apply only when specified individually by the purchaser in the purchase order or contract.
1.4 Thispracticeisexpressedininch-poundandSIunits;however,unlessthepurchaseorderorcontractspecifiestheapplicable
“M” specification designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply. The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the practice, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system
may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two
systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A388/A388M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Steel Forgings
A531/A531M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Turbine-Generator Steel Retaining Rings
A965/A965M Specification for Steel Forgings, Austenitic, for Pressure and High Temperature Parts
A1049/A1049M Specification for Stainless Steel Forgings, Ferritic/Austenitic (Duplex), for Pressure Vessels and Related
Components
E317 Practice for Evaluating Performance Characteristics of Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Testing Instruments and Systems without
the Use of Electronic Measurement Instruments
E428 Practice for Fabrication and Control of Metal, Other than Aluminum, Reference Blocks Used in Ultrasonic Testing
4
2.2 American Society for Nondestructive Testing Document:
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.06
on Steel Forgings and Billets.
Current edition approved AprilMarch 1, 2009.2012. Published April 2009.March 2012. Originally approved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 20032009 as
A745/A745M – 94 (2003).(2009). DOI: 10.1520/A0745_A0745M-94R09. 10.1520/A0745_A0745M-12.
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specification SA-745/SA-745M in Section II of that Code.
3
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standar
...
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