ASTM C119-02a
(Terminology)Standard Terminology Relating to Dimension Stone
Standard Terminology Relating to Dimension Stone
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
Designation: C 119 – 02a
Standard Terminology Relating to
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Dimension Stone
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C119; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
INTRODUCTION
Dimension stone,asusedhere,isnaturalstonethathasbeenselectedandfabricatedtospecificsizes
or shapes, with or without one or more mechanically dressed or finished surfaces, for use as building
facing, curbing, paving stone, monuments and memorials, and various industrial products. The term
dimension stone is in contradistinction to crushed and broken stone, such as is used for aggregate,
roadstone, fill, or chemical raw materials. Because all stone is a natural material, the definition
excludes all manmade materials that simulate stone. In common practice, some dimension stones are
reinforced, filled, or surface treated.
Terms used in definitions and nomenclature shall be interpreted in accordance with commonly
accepted scientific and technical terms of the geological sciences except as otherwise specifically
noted.
Examples of such exceptions are the broader commercial definitions of granite and marble, which
have become well established in the dimension stone industry and trade. Definitions and terms
includedinthesedefinitionshavebeenformulatedinaccordancewithcommonindustrialusage where
this is not in conflict with current scientific usage.
GENERAL TERMS chip—an irregularly-shaped piece of stone, usually with one
convex surface, that has been dislodged from a snip.
abrasive (or sand-rubbed)—a surface having a non-
cladding—nonload-bearing stone used as the facing material
reflective, matte finish with a slight grain or stipple pattern
in wall construction that contains other materials.
visible on the surface.
coping—dimension stone used as the top course of a masonry
anchor—in general, a metal shape inserted into a slot or hole
wall, often sloped to shed water.
in the stone that provides for the transfer of loads from the
crack—a partial break in the stone (see fracture, microcrack,
stone to the building structure, either directly or through an
seam).
intermediate structure.
cut stone—stone fabricated to specific dimensions.
anchorage—the system consisting of stone, anchor and pri-
dimension stone—natural stone that has been selected and
mary structure, secondary structure or back-up preventing
fabricated to specific sizes or shapes.
lateral movement of the stone.
DISCUSSION—The term dimension stone is in contradistinction to
arris—thejunctionoftwoplanesofthesamestoneformingan
crushed and broken stone, such as is used for aggregate, roadstone, fill,
external corner.
orchemicalrawmaterials.Incommonpractice,somedimensionstones
ashlar—(1) a squared block of building stone; (2) a masonry
are reinforced, filled, or surface treated.
of such stones; (3) a thin-dressed rectangle of stone for
facing of walls (often called ashlar veneer). dressed stone—See cut stone, finished stone.
building stone—natural rock of adequate quality to be quar- durability—the measure of the ability of dimension stone to
riedandcutasdimensionstoneasitexistsinnature,asused endure and to maintain its essential and distinctive charac-
in the construction industry. teristics of strength, resistance to decay, and appearance.
Durability is based on the length of time that a stone can
maintain its innate characteristics in use.This time will vary
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This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C18 on
depending on the environment, the use, and the finish of the
Dimension Stone and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C18.91 on
stone in question (for example, outdoor versus indoor use).
Nomenclature and Definitions.
fabrication—when applied to dimension stone, any of the
Current edition approved May 10, 2002. Published July 2002. Originally
published as C119–26T. Last previous edition C119–02. processes involved in changing a raw stone piece to its final
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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C119–02a
end use form. This includes, but is not limited to cutting, monumental stone—rock of adequate quality to be quarried
splitting, grinding, drilling, or face-finishing. and cut as dimension stone as it exists in nature, as used in
finished stone—dimension stone with one or more mechani- the monument and memorial industry.
cally exposed surfaces. open seams—unfilled fissures or naturally occuring cracks in
stone.
bush-hammered—a rough uniformly patterned surface pro-
panel—cut stone with face dimensions large in relation to its
duced by an impact tool.
thickness, for placement in a building structure o
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