ASTM D6480-19
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Wipe Sampling of Surfaces, Indirect Preparation, and Analysis for Asbestos Structure Number Surface Loading by Transmission Electron Microscopy
Standard Test Method for Wipe Sampling of Surfaces, Indirect Preparation, and Analysis for Asbestos Structure Number Surface Loading by Transmission Electron Microscopy
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This wipe sampling and indirect analysis test method is used for the general testing of surfaces for asbestos. It is used to assist in the evaluation of surfaces in buildings, such as ceiling tiles, shelving, electrical components, duct work, and so forth. This test method provides an index of the concentration of asbestos structures per unit area sampled as derived from a quantitative measure of the number of asbestos structures detected during analysis.
5.1.1 This test method does not describe procedures or techniques required for the evaluation of the safety or habitability of buildings with asbestos-containing materials, or compliance with federal, state, or local regulations or statutes. It is the user's responsibility to make these determinations.
5.1.2 At present, a single direct relationship between asbestos sampled from a surface and potential human exposure does not exist. Accordingly, the user should consider these data in relationship to other available information (for example, air sampling data) in their evaluation.
5.2 One or more large asbestos-containing particles dispersed during sample preparation may result in large asbestos surface loading results in the TEM analyses of that sample. It is, therefore, recommended that multiple replicate independent samples be secured in the same area, and that a minimum of three such samples be analyzed by the entire procedure.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure to identify asbestos in samples wiped from surfaces and to provide an estimate of the concentration of asbestos reported as the number of asbestos structures per unit area of sampled surface. The procedure outlined in this test method employs an indirect sample preparation technique. It is intended to disperse aggregated asbestos into fundamental fibrils, fiber bundles, clusters, or matrices. However, as with all indirect sample preparation techniques, the asbestos observed for quantification may not represent the physical form of the asbestos as sampled. More specifically, the procedure described neither creates nor destroys asbestos, but it may alter the physical form of the mineral fiber aggregates.
1.2 This test method describes the equipment and procedures necessary for wipe sampling of surfaces for levels of asbestos structures. The sample is collected onto a particle-free wipe material (wipe) from the surface of a sampling area that may contain asbestos.
1.2.1 The collection efficiency of this wipe sampling technique is unknown and will vary among substrates. Properties influencing collection efficiency include surface texture, adhesiveness, and other factors.
1.2.2 This test method is generally applicable for an estimate of the surface loading of asbestos structures starting from approximately 1000 asbestos structures per square centimetre.
1.3 Asbestos identification by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is based on morphology, electron diffraction (ED), and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA).
1.4 This test method allows determination of the type(s) of asbestos fibers present.
1.4.1 This test method cannot always discriminate between individual fibers of the asbestos and nonasbestos analogues of the same amphibole mineral.
1.4.2 There is no lower limit to the dimensions of asbestos fibers that can be detected. However, in practice, the lower limit to the dimensions of asbestos fibers, that can be detected, is variable and dependent on individual microscopists. Therefore, a minimum length of 0.5 μm has been defined as the shortest fiber to be incorporated in the reported results.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulator...
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D6480 − 19
Standard Test Method for
Wipe Sampling of Surfaces, Indirect Preparation, and
Analysis for Asbestos Structure Number Surface Loading
1
by Transmission Electron Microscopy
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6480; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.4.2 There is no lower limit to the dimensions of asbestos
fibers that can be detected. However, in practice, the lower
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversaproceduretoidentifyasbestos
limit to the dimensions of asbestos fibers, that can be detected,
in samples wiped from surfaces and to provide an estimate of
is variable and dependent on individual microscopists.
the concentration of asbestos reported as the number of
Therefore,aminimumlengthof0.5µmhasbeendefinedasthe
asbestos structures per unit area of sampled surface. The
shortest fiber to be incorporated in the reported results.
procedure outlined in this test method employs an indirect
sample preparation technique. It is intended to disperse aggre- 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
gated asbestos into fundamental fibrils, fiber bundles, clusters,
standard.
or matrices. However, as with all indirect sample preparation
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
techniques, the asbestos observed for quantification may not
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
represent the physical form of the asbestos as sampled. More
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
specifically, the procedure described neither creates nor de-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
stroys asbestos, but it may alter the physical form of the
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
mineral fiber aggregates.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
1.2 This test method describes the equipment and proce- dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
dures necessary for wipe sampling of surfaces for levels of ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
asbestosstructures.Thesampleiscollectedontoaparticle-free
wipe material (wipe) from the surface of a sampling area that mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
may contain asbestos.
1.2.1 The collection efficiency of this wipe sampling tech-
nique is unknown and will vary among substrates. Properties
2. Referenced Documents
influencing collection efficiency include surface texture, 2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
adhesiveness, and other factors.
D1193Specification for Reagent Water
1.2.2 This test method is generally applicable for an esti-
D1356Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
mateofthesurfaceloadingofasbestosstructuresstartingfrom
Atmospheres
approximately 1000 asbestos structures per square centimetre.
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
1.3 Asbestosidentificationbytransmissionelectronmicros-
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
copy(TEM)isbasedonmorphology,electrondiffraction(ED),
E177Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA).
ASTM Test Methods
3
1.4 This test method allows determination of the type(s) of 2.2 Government Standard:
asbestos fibers present.
40 CFR 763, USEPA,Asbestos-Containing Materials in
1.4.1 This test method cannot always discriminate between Schools:FinalRuleandNotice,AppendixAtoSub-partE
individual fibers of the asbestos and nonasbestos analogues of
the same amphibole mineral.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Quality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.07 on Sampling, Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Analysis, Management of Asbestos, and Other Microscopic Particles. the ASTM website.
3
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2019.PublishedJuly2019.Originallyapproved Available from U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of
in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D6480–05 (2010). DOI: Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Washington, DC 20401-0001, http://
10.1520/D6480-19. www.access.gpo.gov.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C70
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6480 − 05 (Reapproved 2010) D6480 − 19
Standard Test Method for
Wipe Sampling of Surfaces, Indirect Preparation, and
Analysis for Asbestos Structure Number Surface Loading
1
by Transmission Electron Microscopy
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6480; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers a procedure to identify asbestos in samples wiped from surfaces and to provide an estimate of the
concentration of asbestos reported as the number of asbestos structures per unit area of sampled surface. The procedure outlined
in this test method employs an indirect sample preparation technique. It is intended to disperse aggregated asbestos into
fundamental fibrils, fiber bundles, clusters, or matrices. However, as with all indirect sample preparation techniques, the asbestos
observed for quantification may not represent the physical form of the asbestos as sampled. More specifically, the procedure
described neither creates nor destroys asbestos, but it may alter the physical form of the mineral fiber aggregates.
1.2 This test method describes the equipment and procedures necessary for wipe sampling of surfaces for levels of asbestos
structures. The sample is collected onto a particle-free wipe material (wipe) from the surface of a sampling area that may contain
asbestos.
1.2.1 The collection efficiency of this wipe sampling technique is unknown and will vary among substrates. Properties
influencing collection efficiency include surface texture, adhesiveness, and other factors.
1.2.2 This test method is generally applicable for an estimate of the surface loading of asbestos structures starting from
approximately 1000 asbestos structures per square centimetre.
1.3 Asbestos identification by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is based on morphology, electron diffraction (ED), and
energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA).
1.4 This test method allows determination of the type(s) of asbestos fibers present.
1.4.1 This test method cannot always discriminate between individual fibers of the asbestos and nonasbestos analogues of the
same amphibole mineral.
1.4.2 There is no lower limit to the dimensions of asbestos fibers that can be detected. However, in practice, the lower limit to
the dimensions of asbestos fibers, that can be detected, is variable and dependent on individual microscopists. Therefore, a
minimum length of 0.5 μm has been defined as the shortest fiber to be incorporated in the reported results.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.6 This test method standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this test method standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air Quality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.07 on Sampling and Analysis
of AsbestosSampling, Analysis, Management of Asbestos, and Other Microscopic Particles.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010June 1, 2019. Published November 2010July 2019. Originally approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 20052010 as
D6480 – 05.D6480 – 05 (2010). DOI: 10.1520/D6480-05R10.10.1520/D6480-19.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6480 − 19
E691 Pra
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.