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ASTM F1878-98(2004)

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Escort Vessel Evaluation and Selection

Standard Guide for Escort Vessel Evaluation and Selection

SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the evaluation and selection of escort vessels that are to be used to escort ships transiting confined waters. The purpose of the escort vessel is to limit the uncontrolled movement of a ship disabled by loss of propulsion or steering to within the navigational constraints of the waterway. The various factors addressed in this guide also can be integrated into a plan for escorting a given ship in a given waterway. The selection of equipment also is addressed in this guide.
1.2 This guide can be used in performance-based analyses to evaluate:
1.2.1 the control requirement of a disabled ship,
1.2.2 the performance capabilities of escort vessels,
1.2.3 the navigational limits and fixed obstacles of a waterway,
1.2.4 the ambient conditions (wind and sea) that will impact the escort response, and
1.2.5 the maneuvering characteristics of combined disabled ship/escort vessel(s).
1.3 This guide outlines how these various factors can be integrated to form an escort plan for a specific ship or a specific waterway. It also outlines training programs and the selection of equipment for escort-related activities.
1.4 A flowchart of the overall process for developing and implementing an escort plan is shown in Fig. 1. The process begins with the collection of appropriate data, which are analyzed with respect to the performance criteria and in consultation with individuals having local specialized knowledge (such as pilots, waterway authorities, interest groups, or public/private organizations, and so forth). This yields escort vessel performance requirements for various transit speeds and conditions; these are embodied in the ship's escort plan. When the time comes to prepare for the actual transit, the plan is consulted in conjunction with forecast conditions and desired transit speed to select and dispatch the appropriate escort vessel (or combination of vessels). A pre-escort conference is conducted to ensure that all principal persons (ship master, pilot, and escort vessel masters) have a good understanding of how to make a safe transit and interact in the event of an emergency.
1.5 This guide addresses various aspects of escorting, including several performance criteria and methodologies for analyzing the criteria, as well as training, outfitting, and other escort-related considerations. This guide can be expanded as appropriate to add new criteria, incorporate "lessons learned" as more escorting experience is gained in the industry, or to include alternative methodologies for analyzing the criteria.
1.6 This guide addresses physical control of the disabled ship with the assistance of the escort vessel(s). Other possible functions, such as firefighting, piloting, or navigational redundancy, are outside the scope of this guide. Also, this guide was developed for application to oceangoing ships in coastal waterways; it is not suitable for application to barge strings in riverine environments.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2004
ICS
47.020.01 - General standards related to shipbuilding and marine structures
Technical Committee
F25 - Ships and Marine Technology
Drafting Committee
F25.06 - Marine Environmental Protection
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM F1878-98 - Standard Guide for Escort Vessel Evaluation and Selection
Effective Date
01-May-2004
Replaced By
ASTM F1878-98(2009) - Standard Guide for Escort Vessel Evaluation and Selection
Effective Date
01-Nov-2009

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ASTM F1878-98(2004) - Standard Guide for Escort Vessel Evaluation and SelectionASTM F1878-98(2004) - Standard Guide for Escort Vessel Evaluation and Selection
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ASTM F1878-98(2004) - Standard Guide for Escort Vessel Evaluation and Selection
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
An American National Standard
Designation:F1878–98 (Reapproved 2004)
Standard Guide for
1
Escort Vessel Evaluation and Selection
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1878; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope ducted to ensure that all principal persons (ship master, pilot,
and escort vessel masters) have a good understanding of how
1.1 This guide covers the evaluation and selection of escort
tomakeasafetransitandinteractintheeventofanemergency.
vessels that are to be used to escort ships transiting confined
1.5 This guide addresses various aspects of escorting, in-
waters. The purpose of the escort vessel is to limit the
cluding several performance criteria and methodologies for
uncontrolledmovementofashipdisabledbylossofpropulsion
analyzing the criteria, as well as training, outfitting, and other
or steering to within the navigational constraints of the
escort-related considerations. This guide can be expanded as
waterway. The various factors addressed in this guide also can
appropriate to add new criteria, incorporate “lessons learned”
be integrated into a plan for escorting a given ship in a given
as more escorting experience is gained in the industry, or to
waterway. The selection of equipment also is addressed in this
include alternative methodologies for analyzing the criteria.
guide.
1.6 This guide addresses physical control of the disabled
1.2 This guide can be used in performance-based analyses
ship with the assistance of the escort vessel(s). Other possible
to evaluate:
functions, such as firefighting, piloting, or navigational redun-
1.2.1 the control requirement of a disabled ship,
dancy, are outside the scope of this guide.Also, this guide was
1.2.2 the performance capabilities of escort vessels,
developed for application to oceangoing ships in coastal
1.2.3 the navigational limits and fixed obstacles of a water-
waterways; it is not suitable for application to barge strings in
way,
riverine environments.
1.2.4 the ambient conditions (wind and sea) that will impact
the escort response, and
2. Referenced Documents
1.2.5 the maneuvering characteristics of combined disabled
2
2.1 Code of Federal Regulations Document:
ship/escort vessel(s).
33 CFR Part 168—Escort Vessels for Certain Tankers, Final
1.3 This guide outlines how these various factors can be
Rule
integratedtoformanescortplanforaspecificshiporaspecific
3
2.2 IMO Resolutions:
waterway. It also outlines training programs and the selection
IMO Resolution A.601(15)—Provision and Display of Ma-
of equipment for escort-related activities.
neuvering Information on Board Ships
1.4 A flowchart of the overall process for developing and
IMO Resolution A.751(18)—Interim Standards for Ship
implementing an escort plan is shown in Fig. 1. The process
Maneuverability
begins with the collection of appropriate data, which are
3
2.3 Marine Safety Committee Circulars:
analyzed with respect to the performance criteria and in
MSC Circular 389/Interim Guidelines for Estimating Ma-
consultation with individuals having local specialized knowl-
neuvering Performance in Ship Design
edge (such as pilots, waterway authorities, interest groups, or
MSC Circular 644/Explanatory Notes to the Interim Stan-
public/private organizations, and so forth). This yields escort
dards for Ship Maneuverability
vessel performance requirements for various transit speeds and
conditions; these are embodied in the ship’s escort plan. When
3. Terminology
the time comes to prepare for the actual transit, the plan is
3.1 For purposes of clarity within this guide, the vessel
consulted in conjunction with forecast conditions and desired
being escorted is referred to as the “ship” or “disabled ship.”
transitspeedtoselectanddispatchtheappropriateescortvessel
The vessel accompanying the ship as its escort is referred to as
(or combination of vessels). A pre-escort conference is con-
the “escort vessel.”
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of Committee F25 on Ships and Marine
Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.06 on Marine
2
Environmental Protection. Available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing
Current edition approved May 1, 2004. Published May 2004. Originally Office, Washington, DC 20402.
3
approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as F1878 - 98. DOI: AvailablefromtheInternationalMaritimeOrganization,4AlbertEmbankment,
10.1520/F1878-98R04. London, SE1 7SR U.K.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

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...

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6.1 Intended Use—Compliance with this practice provides the procuring organization with assurance that human users will be efficient, effective, and safe in the operation and maintenance of marine systems, equipment, and facilities. Specifically, it is intended to ensure the following:  
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6.1.5 Manpower, personnel, and training requirements are met.  
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6.1.9 Potential error-inducing equipment design features are eliminated, or at least, minimized, and systems are designed to be error-tolerant.  
6.1.10 Layouts and arrangements of equipment afford efficient traffic patterns, communications, and use.  
6.1.11 Habitability facilities and working spaces meet environmental control and physical environment requirements to provide the level of comfort and quality of life for the crew that is conducive to maintaining optimum personnel performance and endurance.  
6.1.12 Hazards to human health are minimized.  
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6.2 Scope and Nature of Work—HSI includes, but is not limited to, active participation throughout all phases in the life cycle of a marine system, including requirements definition, design, development, production, operations and...
SCOPE
1.1 Objectives—This practice establishes and defines the processes and associated requirements for incorporating Human Systems Integration (HSI) into all phases of government and commercial ship, offshore structure, and marine system and equipment (hereafter referred to as marine system) acquisition life cycle. HSI must be integrated fully with the engineering processes applied to the design, acquisition, and operations of marine systems. This application includes the following:  
1.1.1 Ships and offshore structures.  
1.1.2 Marine systems, machinery, and equipment developed to be deployed on a ship or offshore structure where their design, once integrated into the ship or offshore structure, will potentially impact human performance, safety and health hazards, survivability, morale, quality of life, and fitness for duty.  
1.1.3 Integration of marine systems and equipment into ships and offshore structures including arrangements, facility layout, installations, communications, and data links.  
1.1.4 Modernization and retrofitting ships and offshore structures.  
1.2 Target Audience—The intended audience for this document consists of individuals with HSI training and experience representing the procuring activity, contractor or vendor personnel with HSI experience, and engineers and management personnel familiar with HSI methods, processes, and objectives. See 5.2.3 for guidance on qualifications of HSI specialists.  
1.3 Contents—This document is divided into the following sections and subsections.    
TABLE OF CONTENTS  
Section
and
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Title  
1  
Scope  
1.1  
Objectives  
1.2  
Target Audience  
1.3  
Contents  
2  
Human Systems Integration  
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4.1 This guide presents some methodologies to predict the forces required to bring a disabled ship under control within the available limits of the waterway, taking into account local influences of wind and sea conditions. Presented are methodologies to determine the control forces that an escort vessel can reasonably be expected to impose on a disabled ship, taking into account the design of the ship, transit speed, winds, currents, and sea conditions. In some instances, this guide presents formulae that can be used directly; in other instances, in which the interaction of various factors is more complicated, it presents analytic processes that can be used in developing computer simulations.  
4.2 Unlike the more traditional work of berthing assistance in sheltered harbors or pulling a “dead ship” on the end of a long towline, the escorting mission assumes that the disabled ship will be at transit speed at the time of failure, and that it could be in exposed waters subject to wind, current, and sea conditions.  
4.3 The navigational constraints of the channel or waterway might restrict the available maneuvering area within which the disabled ship must be brought under control before it runs aground or collides with fixed objects in the waterway (see allision).  
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4.5 The methodologies and processes outlined in this guide are for performance-based analyses of escort scenarios. This means that the acceptability of a vessel (or combination of vessels) for escorting is based up...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the evaluation and selection of escort vessels that are to be used to escort ships transiting confined waters. The purpose of the escort vessel is to limit the uncontrolled movement of a ship disabled by loss of propulsion or steering to within the navigational constraints of the waterway. The various factors addressed in this guide also can be integrated into a plan for escorting a given ship in a given waterway. The selection of equipment also is addressed in this guide.  
1.2 This guide can be used in performance-based analyses to evaluate:  
1.2.1 The control requirement of a disabled ship,  
1.2.2 The performance capabilities of escort vessels,  
1.2.3 The navigational limits and fixed obstacles of a waterway,  
1.2.4 The ambient conditions (wind and sea) that will impact the escort response, and  
1.2.5 The maneuvering characteristics of combined disabled ship/escort vessel(s).  
1.3 This guide outlines how these various factors can be integrated to form an escort plan for a specific ship or a specific waterway. It also outlines training programs and the selection of equipment for escort-related activities.  
1.4 A flowchart of the overall process for developing and implementing an escort plan is shown in Fig. 1. The process begins with the collection of appropriate data, which are analyzed with respect to the performance criteria and in consultation with individuals having local specialized knowledge (such as pilots, waterway authorities, interest groups, or public/private organizations, and so forth). This yields escort vessel performance requirements for various transit speeds and conditions; these are embodied in the ship's escort plan. When the time comes to prepare for the actual transit, the plan is consulted in conjunction with forecast conditions and desired transit speed to select and dispatch the appropriate escort vessel (or combination of vessels). A pre-escort conference ...

  • Guide
    21 pages
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  • Guide
    21 pages
    English language
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ASTM
ASTM F1321-21(Guide)
Standard Guide for Conducting a Stability Test (Lightweight Survey and Inclining Experiment) to Determine the Light Ship Displacement and Centers of Gravity of a Vessel

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 From the light ship characteristics one is able to calculate the stability characteristics of the vessel for all conditions of loading and thereby determine whether the vessel satisfies the applicable stability criteria. Accurate results from a stability test may in some cases determine the future survival of the vessel and its crew, so the accuracy with which the test is conducted cannot be overemphasized. The condition of the vessel and the environment during the test is rarely ideal and consequently, the stability test is infrequently conducted exactly as planned. If the vessel is not 100 % complete and the weather is not perfect, there ends up being water or shipyard trash in a tank that was supposed to be clean and dry and so forth, then the person in charge must make immediate decisions as to the acceptability of variances from the plan. A complete understanding of the principles behind the stability test and a knowledge of the factors that affect the results is necessary.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the determination of a vessel’s light ship characteristics. In this standard, a vessel is a traditional hull-formed vessel. The stability test can be considered to be two separate tasks; the lightweight survey and the inclining experiment. The stability test is required for most vessels upon their completion and after major conversions. It is normally conducted inshore in calm weather conditions and usually requires the vessel be taken out of service to prepare for and conduct the stability test. The three light ship characteristics determined from the stability test for conventional (symmetrical) ships are displacement (“displ”), longitudinal center of gravity (“LCG”), and the vertical center of gravity (“KG”). The transverse center of gravity (“TCG”) may also be determined for mobile offshore drilling units (MODUs) and other vessels which are asymmetrical about the centerline or whose internal arrangement or outfitting is such that an inherent list may develop from off-center weight. Because of their nature, other special considerations not specifically addressed in this guide may be necessary for some MODUs. This standard is not applicable to vessels such as a tension-leg platforms, semi-submersibles, rigid hull inflatable boats, and so on.  
1.2 The limitations of 1 % trim or 4 % heel and so on apply if one is using the traditional pre-defined hydrostatic characteristics. This is due to the drastic change of waterplane area. If one is calculating hydrostatic characteristics at each move, such as utilizing a computer program, then the limitations are not applicable.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3.1 Exceptions—Other units may be used for the stability test, but the test results should be reported in the same units and coordinate system as the vessel’s draft marks and Trim and Stability Book or similar stability information provided.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Guide
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ASTM
ASTM F906-85(2020)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Letters and Numerals for Ships

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the shape, size, spacing, and shading requirements of letters and numerals used in shipboard markings. Covered by this specification are five types of characters: plain letters and numerals (Type 1), block letters and numerals having the same width (Type 2), Type 2 characters with shading (Type 3), block letters and numerals of different widths (Type 4), and Type 4 characters with shading (Type 5). The characters shall be designed using the grid method, which will allow one to change the character size proportionately as required. Not covered in this specification are the location and size of various shipboard markings using letters and numerals.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification specifies shape, size, spacing, and shading of letters and numerals to be used aboard ship.  
1.2 Characters are of Five Types:  
1.2.1 Type 1—Plain letters and numerals (16 units).  
1.2.2 Type 2—Block letters and numerals (12 units).  
1.2.3 Type 3—Type 2 characters with shading (shading—1 unit).  
1.2.4 Type 4—Block letters (10 units) and numerals (12 units).  
1.2.5 Type 5—Type 4 characters with shading (shading—1 unit).  
1.3 This specification does not give location or size of various shipboard markings incorporating letters and numerals.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM F1808-03(2019)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Weight Control Technical Requirements for Surface Ships

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 It is important to know the amount of weight and its location before the ship is built to be sure that when it is built it will have positive stability. Only through detailed weight estimating in the design stage and during construction can one be ensured that positive stability will be achieved and retained.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides recommended weight control technical requirements for surface ships and discusses different types of weight estimates, reports, and weight control procedures. It contains a weight classification that will assist in achieving uniformity by standardizing the weight-reporting system.  
1.2 This guide is applicable to ships designed and constructed in inch-pound units of measurement and to ships designed and constructed in SI units of measurement. Whenever inch-pound units are shown or referred to in the text, or in example formats included in this guide, it is to be understood that corresponding SI units may be substituted if applicable to a ship designed and constructed in SI units, provided that whichever system is used, it is consistently used in all weight control reporting documentation for the ship.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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