ASTM D8-13b
(Terminology)Standard Terminology Relating to Materials for Roads and Pavements
Standard Terminology Relating to Materials for Roads and Pavements
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Designation: D8 − 13b
StandardTerminology Relating to
1
Materials for Roads and Pavements
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Referenced Documents asphalt mix (asphalt mixture), n—a mixture of asphalt
binder, emulsified asphalt, or cutback asphalt and aggre-
2
1.1 ASTM Standards:
gates. The mixture may also include other materials.
D4124 Test Method for Separation of Asphalt into Four
Fractions asphalt pavement,, n—a structure consisting of one or more
prepared layers of asphalt mix atop one or more supporting
D4552 Practice for Classifying Hot-Mix Recycling Agents
D5505 Practice for Classifying Emulsified RecyclingAgents layers of unbound, modified, or treated subgrade, subbase or
base materials.
2. Terminology
asphalt-rubber, n—a blend of asphalt cement, reclaimed tire
rubber, and certain additives in which the rubber component
aggregate, n—a granular material of mineral composition such
is at least 15 % by weight of the total blend and has reacted
as sand, gravel, shell, slag, or crushed stone, used with a
in the hot asphalt cement sufficiently to cause swelling of the
cementing medium to form mortars or concrete, or alone as
rubber particles.
in base courses, railroad ballasts, etc.
asphaltenes, n—insoluble materials that are precipitated by
anionic emulsion, n—a type of emulsion such that a particular
use of selected solvents, such as n-heptane.
emulsifying agent establishes a predominance of negative
DISCUSSION—The asphaltene fraction should be identified by the
charges on the discontinuous phase.
solvent and solvent-asphalt ratio used.
asphalt, n—A dark brown to black cement-like residuum bank gravel, n—gravel found in natural deposits, usually more
obtained from the distillation of suitable crude oils. or less intermixed with fine material, such as sand or clay, or
combinations thereof; gravelly clay, gravelly sand, clayey
DISCUSSION—The distillation processes may involve one or more of
the following: atmospheric distillation, vacuum distillation, steam
gravel, and sandy gravel indicate the varying proportions of
distillation. Further processing of distillation residuum may be needed
the materials in the mixture.
to yield a material whose physical properties are suitable for commer-
bitumen, n—dark brown to black cement-like residuum ob-
cial applications. These additional processes can involve air oxidation,
solvent stripping or blending of residua of different stiffness character-
tained from the distillation of suitable crude oils.
istics. In Europe asphalt is called bitumen.
DISCUSSION—The distillation processes may involve one or more of
the following: atmospheric distillation, vacuum distillation, steam
asphalt binder, n—asphalt which may or may not contain an
distillation. Further processing of distillation residuum may be needed
asphalt modifier (see asphalt modifier). to yield a material whose physical properties are suitable for commer-
cial applications. These additional processes can involve air oxidation,
DISCUSSION—this term is often used in the Performance Graded
solvent stripping or blending of residua of different stiffness character-
Binder system.
istics. In North America bitumen is called asphalt.
asphalt cement, n—See asphalt
bituminous, adj—containing or treated with bitumen (also
bituminized).
asphalt concrete, n—See asphalt mix.
DISCUSSION—Examples: bituminous concrete, bituminized felts and
fabrics, bituminous pavement.
bituminous emulsion, n—(1) a suspension of minute globules
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road
of bituminous material in water or in an aqueous solution,
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.91 on
Terminology.
(2) a suspension of minute globules of water or of an
Current edition approved Sept. 15, 2013. Published October 2013. Originally
aqueous solution in a liquid bituminous material.
approved in 1912. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D8 – 13a. DOI:
10.1520/D0008-13B.
blast-furnace slag, n—the nonmetallic product, consisting
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
essentially of silicates and alumino-silicates of lime and of
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
other bases, that is developed simultaneously with iron in a
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. blast furnace.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. Uni
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D8 − 13a D8 − 13b
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Materials for Roads and Pavements
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 ASTM Standards:
D4124 Test Method for Separation of Asphalt into Four Fractions
D4552 Practice for Classifying Hot-Mix Recycling Agents
D5505 Practice for Classifying Emulsified Recycling Agents
2. Terminology
aggregate, n—a granular material of mineral composition such as sand, gravel, shell, slag, or crushed stone, used with a cementing
medium to form mortars or concrete, or alone as in base courses, railroad ballasts, etc.
anionic emulsion, n—a type of emulsion such that a particular emulsifying agent establishes a predominance of negative charges
on the discontinuous phase.
asphalt, n—A dark brown to black cement-like residuum obtained from the distillation of suitable crude oils.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.91 on
Terminology.
Current edition approved June 15, 2013Sept. 15, 2013. Published July 2013October 2013. Originally approved in 1912. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as
D8 – 13.D8 – 13a. DOI: 10.1520/D0008-13A.10.1520/D0008-13B.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
DISCUSSION—
The distillation processes may involve one or more of the following: atmospheric distillation, vacuum distillation, steam distillation. Further processing
of distillation residuum may be needed to yield a material whose physical properties are suitable for commercial applications. These additional
processes can involve air oxidation, solvent stripping or blending of residua of different stiffness characteristics. In Europe asphalt is called bitumen.
asphalt binder, n—asphalt which may or may not contain an asphalt modifier (see asphalt modifier).
DISCUSSION—
this term is often used in the Performance Graded Binder system.
asphalt cement, n—See asphalt
asphalt concrete, n—See asphalt mix.
asphalt mix (asphalt mixture), n—a mixture of asphalt binder, emulsified asphalt, or cutback asphalt and aggregates. The mixture
may also include other materials.
asphalt pavement,, n—a structure consisting of one or more prepared layers of asphalt mix atop one or more supporting layers
of unbound, modified, or treated subgrade, subbase or base materials.
asphalt-rubber, n—a blend of asphalt cement, reclaimed tire rubber, and certain additives in which the rubber component is at
least 15 % by weight of the total blend and has reacted in the hot asphalt cement sufficiently to cause swelling of the rubber
particles.
asphaltenes, n—insoluble materials that are precipitated by use of selected solvents, such as n-heptane. selected solvents, such
as n-heptane.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D8 − 13b
DISCUSSION—
The asphaltene fraction should be identified by the solvent and solvent-asphalt ratio used.
bank gravel, n—gravel found in natural deposits, usually more or less intermixed with fine material, such as sand or clay, or
combinations thereof; gravelly clay, gravelly sand, clayey gravel, and sandy gravel indicate the varying proportions of the
materials in the mixture.
bitumen, n—dark brown to black cement-like residuum obtained from the distillation of suitable crude oils.
DISCUSSION—
The distillation processes may involve one or more of the following: atmospheric distillation, vacuum distillation, steam distillation. Further processing
of distillation residuum may be needed to yield a material whose physical properties are suitable for commercial applications. These additional
processes can involve air oxidation, solvent stripping or blending of residua of different stiffness characteristics. In North America bitumen is called
asphalt.
bituminous, adj—containing or treated with bitumen (also bituminized). Examples: bituminous concrete, bituminized felts and
fabrics
...
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