ASTM D1640-95(1999)

Standard Test Methods for Drying, Curing, or Film Formation of Organic Coatings at Room Temperature

SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the various stages and rates of film formation in the drying or curing of organic coatings normally used under conditions of ambient room temperature.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Dec-1999
• ICS: 87.040 - Paints and varnishes
• Technical Committee: D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
• Drafting Committee: D01.23 - Physical Properties of Applied Paint Films

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM D1640-03 - Standard Test Methods for Drying, Curing, or Film Formation of Organic Coatings at Room Temperature
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D6577-15(2019) - Standard Guide for Testing Industrial Protective Coatings
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D5146-10(2019) - Standard Guide to Testing Solvent-Borne Architectural Coatings
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-1999
• Referred By: ASTM F718-22 - Standard Specification for Shipbuilders and Marine Paints and Coatings Product/Procedure Data Sheet
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D7733-12(2021) - Standard Specification for Acrylic Dispersion Ground
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D7786-13(2019) - Standard Test Method for Determining Enamel Holdout
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D2454-23 - Standard Practice for Determining the Effect of Overbaking on Organic Coatings
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D3322-23 - Standard Practice for Testing Primers and Primer Surfacers Over Preformed Metal
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D564-87(2023) - Standard Test Methods for Liquid Paint Driers
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D7539-10(2020) - Standard Practice for Using a Test Chamber for Humidity Conditioning of Test Panels of Pavement Marking Paints
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D5098-16(2021) - Standard Specification for Artists' Acrylic Dispersion Paints
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D7514-14(2022) - Standard Test Method for Evaluating Ink Stainblocking of Architectural Paint Systems by Visual Assessment
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D6763-16(2022) - Standard Guide for Testing Exterior Wood Stains and Clear Water Repellents
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D5895-20 - Standard Test Methods for Evaluating Drying or Curing During Film Formation of Organic Coatings Using Mechanical Recorders
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-1999
• Referred By: ASTM F940-99(2019)e1 - Standard Practice for Quality Control Receipt Inspection Procedures for Protective Coatings (Paint), Used in Marine Construction and Shipbuilding
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-1999

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 1640 – 95 (Reapproved 1999)
Standard Test Methods for
Drying, Curing, or Film Formation of Organic Coatings at
Room Temperature
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1640; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3. Significance and Use
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the 3.1 These test methods are used to determine the various
various stages and rates of film formation in the drying or stages and rates of drying, curing, and film formation of
curing of organic coatings normally used under conditions of organic coatings for the purpose of comparing types of
ambient room temperature. coatings or ingredient changes, or both. This is significant in
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded the development of organic coatings for various end uses and
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for also for production quality control.
information only.
4. Coatings and Recommended Film Thicknesses
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 4.1 Whenever tests are to be performed on coatings not
listed in Table 1, there should be a prior agreement between the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- purchaser and seller as to the substrate, film thickness, and
application method for testing the specific coating involved.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents 5. Test Conditions
5.1 Conduct all drying tests in a well-ventilated room or
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 202 Test Methods of Sampling and Testing Untreated chamber, free from direct drafts (Note 1), dust, products of
combustion, laboratory fumes and under diffused light (see
Paper Used for Electrical Insulation
5.4). Make all measurements at a temperature of 23 6 2°C and
D 823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness
of Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test Panels 50 6 5 % relative humidity with the coated panels in a
horizontal position while drying.
D 1005 Test Methods for Measurement of Dry-Film Thick-
ness of Organic Coatings Using Micrometers
NOTE 1—A device to equalize air change conditions has been devel-
D 2091 Test Method for Print Resistance of Lacquers 7
oped by F. Scofield. Relative humidity should be controlled for moisture-
2.2 U.S. Government Standards:
cured and two-package urethane coatings, since their cure is greatly
Fed. Spec. No. CCC-C-440, Cheesecloth affected by the existing moisture conditions.
Fed. Spec. No. CCC-C-419b, Type III, Army Duck
5.2 Tests should be carried out at practical viscosities at
2.3 TAPPI Standards:
which films can be applied to the proper film thickness with
T 402 Standard Conditioning and Testing Atmospheres for
resultant good flow and leveling properties. In the absence of
Paper, Board, Pulp Handsheets, and Related Products
any specific material specification, instructions for preparation
of the film should be determined and agreed upon between the
purchaser and the seller.
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-1 on Paint
5.3 Films to be tested should have practical thicknesses
and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the direct responsibility
of Subcommittee D01.23 on Physical Properties of Applied Paint Film. commensurate with performance characteristics expected un-
Current edition approved Feb. 15, 1995. Published April 1995. Originally
der actual usage for the type under test. All testing should be
e1
published as D 1640 – 59 T. Last previous edition D 1640 – 83 (1989) .
done within an area, any point of which is not less than ⁄2 in.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 10.01.
(15 mm) from the film edge.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.02.
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700
Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
6 7
Available from Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry, Technol- Gardner and Sward, Paint Testing Manual, ASTM STP 500, ASTM, 13th
ogy Park, P.O. Box 105113, Atlanta, GA 30348. edition, 1972, p. 269.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 1640 – 95 (1999)
TABLE 1 Recommended Film Thickness of Materials to be
the coating shall not be greater than that required to transfer a
A
Tested
1 3
spot of the coating from ⁄8 to ⁄16 in. (3 to 5 mm) in cross
Material Dry Film Thickness
section. The film is set-to-touch when it still shows a tacky
B
Drying oils 1.25 6 0.25 mil (32 6 6 μm)
condition, but none of it adheres to the finger.
Varnishes 1 6 0.1 mil (25 6 2 μm) (See 7.4.2)
7.3 Dust-Free Times:
Lacquers 0.5 6 0.1 mil (12.5 6 2 μm) (See 7.5.2)
7.3.1 Cotton Fiber Test Method—Separate a number of
Resin solutions 0.5 6 0.1 mil (12.5 6 2 μm)
Enamels 1.5 6 0.25 mil (36.5 6 6 μm) individual fibers from a mass of absorbent cotton with the aid
Oil paints 1.8 6 0.2 mil (45 6 2.5 μm) (See 6.1.2 )
of tweezers. At regular drying intervals, drop several of the
Water paints 1 6 0.1 mil (25 6 2 μm)
cotton fibers from a height of 1 in. (25 mm) onto a marked
A
This table is a general guide to be used when nothing more specific is agreed
section of the film. The film is considered to have dried dust
upon between the purchaser and the seller.
B
See 6.1.2 and 7.5.1. Add driers a minimum of 24 h before test. free when the cotton fibers can be removed by blowing lightly
over the surface of the film.
7.4 Tack-Free Times:
5.4 Light Conditions—Illumination of the films during the
7.4.1 Paper Test Method:
entire drying test period should be about 25 ft-candles (270 1x)
7.4.1.1 Test Paper—The test paper shall be K-4 Power
from normal laboratory or sky sources, never from direct
Cable Paper that when conditioned in accordance with the
sunlight or other sources high in nonvisible radiant energy.
TAPPI Standard Method T 402, conforms to the following
requirements:
6. Preparation of Test Specimens
Basis weight (24 by 36/500), lb 90 6 5
6.1 Carry out all tests as described in 6.1.1, 6.1.2 and 6.1.3,
Thickness, mils (μm) 6.65 (17)
2 2
Air resistance (s/100 cm /in. ) 350
unless otherwise noted.
A
Coefficient of static friction 0.5
6.1.1 All test specimens shall be prepared and tested by one
Friction angle, ° 22
operator properly skilled in the methods to be used. Apply the
Tensile strength, machine direction/cross direction 119/32
Tear, machine direction/cross direction 180/250
specimens in duplicate at a time arranged so that examination
Elongation, machine direction/cross direction, % 3.0/7.0
intervals will fall within the normal working hours of the
pH of water extract 7.4
operator.
Ash content, max, % 0.6
A
6.1.2 Apply the materials to be tested on clean glass panels
All tests except this one shall be run in accordance with Test Method D 202.
All values for properties are typical values and not specification limits.
or other specific substrate of suitable dimensions agreed upon
7.4.1.2 Laya2by 3-in. (50 by 75-mm) piece of the special
between the purchaser and the seller. Ground-glass plates are
test paper on the film and place upon it a steel cylinder 2 in. in
more suitable for certain types of coatings that tend to crawl,
diameter, and of such weight 6.28 lb, (2.85 kg), as to produce
such as low-viscosity drying oils. Suitable plates can be
a pressure of 2 psi (13.8 kPa). At the end of 5 s, remove the
prepared by roughening the surface of polished glass by
cylinder and invert the test panel. The film is considered free
grinding a paste of silicon carbide (grit 1-F) and water between
from after-tack when the paper drops off of the test film within
two glass plates.
10 s.
6.1.3 The test films perferably shall be cast with a doctor
7.4.2 A variation of the test method described in 7.4.1 using
blade having a clearance sufficient to give the recommended
the same test paper can be used to test the tack-free time of
dry film thickness indicated in Table 1. When a suitable doctor
insulating varnishes. In this method the piece of paper shall be
blade is not available, or it has been agreed upon to apply the
1 ⁄2 in. (40 mm) in width and 6 in. (150 mm) in length. The
film in some other manner, the various conventional and
varnish is considered tack-free when this strip of paper does
automatic methods of spray, dip, flow, and brush application
not adhere to it when it is pressed on the surface of the varnish
may be used, provided dry film thicknesses conform to the
for 1 min by a cylindrical 1-lb (450-g) weight, 1 in. (25 mm)
requirements given in Table 1. See Practices D 823 for a
in diameter. In this test, apply the paper in the vicinity of the
description of the spray and dip methods of application.
center of the specimen at right angles to the length of the
6.1.4 Measure the dry film thickness of test films with the
coated specimen.
proper film thickness gage. This shall be a micrometer, dial
7.4.3 Mechanical Test Method (Tack Tester )—The tack
comparator, or dial indicator as described in Test Methods
tester to be used in this method comprises essentially a base or
D 100
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