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ASTM D4716-03

(Test Method)

Test Method for Determining the (In-plane) Flow Rate per Unit Width and Hydraulic Transmissivity of a Geosynthetic Using a Constant Head

Test Method for Determining the (In-plane) Flow Rate per Unit Width and Hydraulic Transmissivity of a Geosynthetic Using a Constant Head

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1.1 This test method covers the procedure for determining the flow rate per unit width within the manufactured plane of geosynthetics under varying normal compressive stresses and a constant head. The test is intended primarily as an index test but can be used also as a performance test when the hydraulic gradients and specimen contact surfaces are selected by the user to model anticipated field conditions.
1.2 This test method is limited to geosynthetics that allow continuous in-plane flow paths to occur parallel to the intended direction of flow.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Nov-2003
ICS
59.080.70 - Geotextiles
Technical Committee
D35 - Geosynthetics
Drafting Committee
D35.03 - Permeability and Filtration
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D4716-02 - Test Method for Determining the (In-plane) Flow Rate per Unit Width and Hydraulic Transmissivity of a Geosynthetic Using a Constant Head
Effective Date
01-Dec-2003
Replaced By
ASTM D4716-04 - Test Method for Determining the (In-plane) Flow Rate per Unit Width and Hydraulic Transmissivity of a Geosynthetic Using a Constant Head
Effective Date
01-Jul-2004
Referred By
ASTM D6389-17 - Standard Practice for Tests to Evaluate the Chemical Resistance of Geotextiles to Liquids
Effective Date
01-Dec-2003

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ASTM D4716-03 - Test Method for Determining the (In-plane) Flow Rate per Unit Width and Hydraulic Transmissivity of a Geosynthetic Using a Constant HeadASTM D4716-03 - Test Method for Determining the (In-plane) Flow Rate per Unit Width and Hydraulic Transmissivity of a Geosynthetic Using a Constant Head
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ASTM D4716-03 - Test Method for Determining the (In-plane) Flow Rate per Unit Width and Hydraulic Transmissivity of a Geosynthetic Using a Constant Head
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D 4716 – 03
Test Method for
Determining the (In-plane) Flow Rate per Unit Width and
Hydraulic Transmissivity of a Geosynthetic Using a
1
Constant Head
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4716; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.1 geocomposite, n—a product fabricated from any com-
bination of geosynthetics with geotechnical materials or other
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for determining
synthetics which is used in a geotechnical application.
the flow rate per unit width within the manufactured plane of
(D 4439)
geosyntheticsundervaryingnormalcompressivestressesanda
3.1.2 geonet, n—a geosynthetic consisting of integrally
constant head. The test is intended primarily as an index test
connected parallel sets of ribs overlying similar sets at various
but can be used also as a performance test when the hydraulic
angles for planar drainage of liquids or gases. (D 4439)
gradients and specimen contact surfaces are selected by the
3.1.3 geosynthetic, n—a planar product manufactured from
user to model anticipated field conditions.
polymeric material used with soil, rock, earth, or other geo-
1.2 This test method is limited to geosynthetics that allow
technical engineering related material as an integral part of a
continuousin-planeflowpathstooccurparalleltotheintended
man-made project, structure, or system. (D 4439)
direction of flow.
3.1.4 geotechnics, n—the application of scientific methods
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
and engineering principals to the acquisition, interpretation,
standard. The values stated in parentheses are provided for
and use of knowledge of material of the earth’s crust to the
information only.
solution of engineering problems.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.4.1 Discussion—Geotechnicsembracesthefieldsofsoil
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
mechanics, rock mechanics, and many of the engineering
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
aspects of geology, geophysics, hydrology, and related sci-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
ences. (D 4439)
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.5 geotextile, n—a permeable geosynthetic comprised
2. Referenced Documents solely of textiles. (D 4439)
2
3.1.6 gravity flow, n—flow in a direction parallel to the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
planeofageosyntheticdrivenpredominantlybyadifferencein
D4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics for Testing
elevation between the inlet and outflow points of a specimen.
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
3.1.6.1 Discussion—The pressure at the outflow is consid-
D4491 Test Methods forWater Permeability of Geotextiles
ered to be atmospheric. (D 4439)
by Permittivity
3.1.7 head (static), n—theheightaboveastandarddatumof
D6574 Test Method for Determining the In-Plane Hydrau-
the surface of a column of water (or other liquid) that can be
lic Transmissivity of a Geosynthetic by Radial Flow
supported by a static pressure at a given point. The static head
3. Terminology
is the sum of the elevation head and the pressure head.
(D 5092)
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.8 hydraulic gradient, i, n—the loss of hydraulic head
per unit distance of flow, dh/dL. (D 4439)
1
2 −1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on
3.1.9 hydraulic transmissivity, u (L T ), n—for a geosyn-
GeosyntheticsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD35.03onHydraulic
thetic, the volumetric flow rate per unit width of specimen per
Properties.
unit gradient in a direction parallel to the plane of the
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2003. Published December 2003. Originally
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D4716–02.
specimen.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3.1.9.1 Discussion—“transmissivity” is technically appli-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
cable only to saturated, laminar hydraulic flow conditions (see
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Appendix X1). (D 4439)
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4716–03
3.1.10 in-plane flow, n—fluid flow confined to a direction temperature, etc., then conduct comparative tests to determine
parallel to the plane of a geosynthetic. (D 4439) if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Compe-
3
...

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5.1 This test method is recommended for the evaluation of the performance of water-saturated soil-geotextile systems under unidirectional flow conditions. The results obtained may be used as an indication of the compatibility of the soil-geotextile system with respect to both particle retention and flow capacity.  
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Standard Test Method for Determining Integrity of Seams Produced Using Thermo-Fusion Methods for Reinforced Geomembranes by the Strip Tensile Method

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4.1 The use of reinforced geomembranes as barrier materials has created a need for a standard test method to evaluate the quality of seams produced by thermo-fusion methods. This test method is used for quality control purposes and is intended to provide quality control and quality assurance personnel with data to evaluate seam quality.  
4.2 This standard arose from the need for a destructive test method for evaluating seams of reinforced geomembranes. Standards written for destructive testing of nonreinforced geomembranes do not include all break codes (Fig. 1) applicable to reinforced geomembranes.
FIG. 1 Break Codes for Dual Hot Wedge and Hot Air Seams of Reinforced Geomembranes Tested for Seam Strength in Shear and Peel Modes  
4.3 When reinforcement occurs in directions other than machine and cross-machine, scrim are cut at specimen edges, generally lowering results. To partially compensate for this, testing can be performed according to Test Method D7749 or the 2 in. wide strip specimen specified in this method can be utilized. Testing of 1 in. and 2 in. specimens is Method A and Method B, respectively.  
4.4 The shear test outlined in this method correlates to strength of parent material measured according to Test Method D7003/D7003M only if reinforcement is parallel to TD. For other materials, seam strength and parent material strength can be compared through Test Methods D7749 and D7004/D7004M. Values obtained with the strip methods shall not be compared to values obtained with grab methods.
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1.1 This test method describes destructive quality control tests used to determine the integrity of thermo-fusion seams made with reinforced geomembranes. Test procedures are described for seam tests for peel and shear properties using strip specimens.  
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1.3.1 Very low-density polyethylene (VLDPE).  
1.3.2 Linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE).  
1.3.3 Flexible polypropylene (fPP).  
1.3.4 Polyvinyl chloride (PVC).  
1.3.5 Chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSPE).  
1.3.6 Ethylene interpolymer alloy (EIA).  
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish ap...

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ASTM D6992-16(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Accelerated Tensile Creep and Creep-Rupture of Geosynthetic Materials Based on Time-Temperature Superposition Using the Stepped Isothermal Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Use of the Stepped Isothermal Method decreases the time required for creep to occur and the obtaining of the associated data.  
5.2 The statements set forth in 1.6 are very important in the context of significance and use, as well as scope of the standard.  
5.3 Creep test data are used to calculate the creep modulus of materials as a function of time. These data are then used to predict the long-term creep deformation expected of geosynthetics used in reinforcement applications.
Note 1: Currently, SIM testing has focused mainly on woven and knitted geogrids and woven geotextiles made from polyester, aramid, polyaramid, poly-vinyl alcohol (PVA), and polypropylene yarns and narrow strips. Additional correlation studies on other materials are needed.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers accelerated testing for tensile creep, and tensile creep-rupture properties using the Stepped Isothermal Method (SIM).  
1.2 The test method is focused on geosynthetic reinforcement materials such as yarns, ribs of geogrids, or narrow geotextile specimens.  
1.3 The SIM tests are laterally unconfined tests based on time-temperature superposition procedures.  
1.4 Tensile tests are to be completed before SIM tests and the results are used to determine the stress levels for subsequent SIM tests defined in terms of the percentage of Ultimate Tensile Strength (TULT). Additionally, the tensile test can be designed to provide estimates of the initial elastic strain distributions appropriate for the SIM results.  
1.5 Ramp and Hold (R+H) tests may be completed in conjunction with SIM tests. They are designed to provide additional estimates of the initial elastic and initial rapid creep strain levels appropriate for the SIM results.  
1.6 This method can be used to establish the sustained load creep and creep-rupture characteristics of a geosynthetic. Results of this method are to be used to augment results of Test Method D5262 and may not be used as the sole basis for determination of long-term creep and creep-rupture behavior of geosynthetic material.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    9 pages
    English language
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ASTM
ASTM D7106/D7106M-05(2023)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Selection of Test Methods for Ethylene Propylene Diene Terpolymer (EPDM) Geomembranes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This standard provides guidance to obtain data that is the most representative of the material’s characteristics and performance. To properly evaluate EPDM, tests should be performed in accordance with specific test methods and procedures.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers and provides recommendations for the selection of appropriate test methods for Ethylene Propylene Diene Terpolymer (EPDM) geomembranes used in geotechnical and geoenvironmental applications.  
1.2 This guide includes test methods for three different types of EPDM geomembranes including: scrim-reinforced membranes, composite membranes, and smooth, nonreinforced membranes.  
1.3 The test methods are divided into three categories including manufacturing quality control, optional performance tests, and seam testing.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off