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ASTM F2067-07

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Development and Use of Oil-Spill Trajectory Models

Standard Practice for Development and Use of Oil-Spill Trajectory Models

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
During an oil-spill response, trajectory models are used to predict the future movement and fate of oil (forecast mode). This information is used for planning purposes to position equipment and response personnel in order to optimize a spill response.
Oil-spill trajectory models can be used in a statistical manner (stochastic mode) to identify the areas that may be impacted by oil spills.
In those cases where the degree of risk at various locations from an unknown source is needed, trajectory models can be used in an inverse mode to identify possible sources of the pollution (receptor mode).
Oil-spill trajectory models are used in the development of scenarios for training and exercises. The use of models allows the scenario designer to develop incidents and situations in a realistic manner.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the features and processes that should be included in an oil-spill trajectory and fate model.
1.2 This practice applies only to oil-spill models and does not consider the broader need for models in other fields. This practice considers only computer-based models, and not physical modeling of oil-spill processes.
1.3 This practice is applicable to all types of oil in oceans, lakes, and rivers under a variety of environmental and geographical conditions.
1.4 This practice does not address issues of computer operation. It is assumed that the user of this practice is familiar with the use of a computer and its operating systems.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Mar-2007
ICS
75.180.10 - Exploratory, drilling and extraction equipment
Technical Committee
F20 - Hazardous Substances and Oil Spill Response
Drafting Committee
F20.16 - Surveillance and Tracking
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM F2067-00(2006) - Standard Practice for Development and Use of Oil-Spill Trajectory Models
Effective Date
01-Apr-2007
Replaced By
ASTM F2067-13 - Standard Practice for Development and Use of Oil-Spill Trajectory Models
Effective Date
01-Apr-2013

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ASTM F2067-07 - Standard Practice for Development and Use of Oil-Spill Trajectory ModelsASTM F2067-07 - Standard Practice for Development and Use of Oil-Spill Trajectory Models
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ASTM F2067-07 - Standard Practice for Development and Use of Oil-Spill Trajectory Models
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: F2067 − 07
StandardPractice for
1
Development and Use of Oil-Spill Trajectory Models
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2067; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.4 Oil-spill trajectory models are used in the development
of scenarios for training and exercises. The use of models
1.1 This practice describes the features and processes that
allows the scenario designer to develop incidents and situations
should be included in an oil-spill trajectory and fate model.
in a realistic manner.
1.2 This practice applies only to oil-spill models and does
not consider the broader need for models in other fields. This
4. Modelling Methods
practice considers only computer-based models, and not physi-
4.1 A typical model simulates the motion of oil on water,
cal modeling of oil-spill processes.
calculates the various weathering processes and considers the
1.3 This practice is applicable to all types of oil in oceans,
interaction of the oil with the shoreline. The input data needed
lakes, and rivers under a variety of environmental and geo-
by the model includes area maps, oil properties, and spatial and
graphical conditions.
temporal vectors of wind and ocean currents. In some models,
1.4 This practice does not address issues of computer
there are separate programs for advection and fate. In some
operation. It is assumed that the user of this practice is familiar
cases, the fate models calculate weathering on the total mass of
with the use of a computer and its operating systems.
the oil rather than on individual particles.
4.2 The computer model calculates the fate of the oil using
2. Terminology
physical and chemical properties of the oil and weathering
2.1 Definitions:
algorithms.
2.1.1 trajectory model—a computer-based program that pre-
4.3 The output of a model is a map showing oil-slick
dicts the motion and fate of oil on water as a function of time.
locations as a function of time, and graphs and tables of the
Input parameters include oil properties, weather, and oceano-
weathering of the oil.
graphic information. There are four different modes: forecast,
hind cast, stochastic, and receptor.
4.4 Trajectory models operate in a number of modes;
predictive, stochastic and receptor.
3. Significance and Use
4.5 The output of the model is subject to errors, primarily
3.1 During an oil-spill response, trajectory models are used
caused by errors in the input data from forecast winds and
to predict the future movement and fate of oil (forecast mode).
predicted ocean currents. The model should include an esti-
This information is used for planning purposes to position
mate of the magnitude of these errors.
equipment and response personnel in order to optimize a spill
response.
5. Input Modelling Parameters
3.2 Oil-spill trajectory models can be used in a statistical
5.1 In order to generate a georeferenced output, it is
manner (stochastic mode) to identify the areas that may be
necessary to have a suitable base map. This map should have
impacted by oil spills.
a resolution in the order of 100 metres near shore and 1 km in
3.3 In those cases where the degree of risk at various
the open ocean. The base-map data should be in a common
locations from an unknown source is needed, trajectory models
mapping format, for example MID/MIF, ARC, and DIF. The
can be used in an inverse mode to identify possible sources of
map should be vector-based in order that the output can be
the pollution (receptor mode).
scaled to be consistent with the extent of the trajectory. The
data on the map should be organized in layers, with ocean
current, wind fields, and trajectory information available as
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F20 on Hazardous
separate layers.
Substances and Oil Spill Response and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
F20.16 on Surveillance and Tracking.
5.2 The physical and chemical properties of the oil are
Current edition approved April 1, 2007. Published April 2007. Originally
needed in order to calculate the weathering of the oil. This data
approved in 2000. Previously approved in 2006 as F2067 – 00 (2006). DOI:
10.1520/F2067-07. should be derived from readily available distillation data
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F2067 − 07
curves and other standard oil-industry crude descriptors. Cata- continuous and not quantized. If insufficient particles are used
logues are available that include p
...

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