ASTM C940-10

Standard Test Method for Expansion and Bleeding of Freshly Mixed Grouts for Preplaced-Aggregate Concrete in the Laboratory

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is useful for determining the expansion and bleeding characteristics of freshly mixed fluid hydraulic cement grout commonly used in PA concrete and cementitious post-tensioning tendon grouts.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Sep-2010
• ICS: 91.100.30 - Concrete and concrete products
• Technical Committee: C09 - Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
• Drafting Committee: C09.41 - Hydraulic Cement Grouts

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM C940-98a(2003) - Standard Test Method for Expansion and Bleeding of Freshly Mixed Grouts for Preplaced-Aggregate Concrete in the Laboratory
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2010
• Replaced By: ASTM C940-10a - Standard Test Method for Expansion and Bleeding of Freshly Mixed Grouts for Preplaced-Aggregate Concrete in the Laboratory
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2010
• Referred By: ASTM C937-23 - Standard Specification for Grout Fluidifier for Preplaced-Aggregate Concrete
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2010
• Referred By: ASTM C938-19 - Standard Practice for Proportioning Grout Mixtures for Preplaced-Aggregate Concrete
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2010
• Referred By: ASTM C943-17 - Standard Practice for Making Test Cylinders and Prisms for Determining Strength and Density of Preplaced-Aggregate Concrete in the Laboratory
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2010

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:C940–10
Standard Test Method for
Expansion and Bleeding of Freshly Mixed Grouts for
1
Preplaced-Aggregate Concrete in the Laboratory
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C940; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Summary of Test Method
1.1 This test method determines the amount of expansion 4.1 Grout is placed in a graduated cylinder. Changes in total
andaccumulationofbleedwateratthesurfaceoffreshlymixed volume and accumulation of bleed water, if any, on the surface
hydraulic-cement grout commonly used in the production of of the grout are observed over a period of time.
preplaced-aggregate (PA) concrete and cementitious post-
5. Significance and Use
tensioning tendon grouts.
5.1 This test method is useful for determining the expansion
1.2 It is for use with hydraulic cement grout whether or not
it includes fine aggregate or supplemental cementitious mate- and bleeding characteristics of freshly mixed fluid hydraulic
cement grout commonly used in PAconcrete and cementitious
rials or both.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as post-tensioning tendon grouts.
standard.
6. Interferences
1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, opera-
6.1 Failure to obtain a uniformly smooth mixture, free of
tions, and equipment. This standard does not purport to
lumps, will cause excessive bleeding and may result in reduced
address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its
expansion.
use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to
6.2 The capability of most admixtures to produce expansion
establish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-
and the tendency to bleed is related to the temperature of the
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
grout during the period of test.
2. Referenced Documents
2 7. Apparatus
2.1 ASTM Standards:
7.1 Glass Graduate, 1000 mL, reading to 10 mL.
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-
7.2 Glass Graduate, 25 mL, reading to 1 mL.
gregates
7.3 Thermometer, accurate to 0.5°C (1°F) for measuring
C937 Specification for Grout Fluidifier for Preplaced-
grout and air temperature.
Aggregate Concrete
8. Test Sample
3. Terminology
8.1 The grout test sample shall consist of approximately
3.1 Definition of Terms—Terms used in this test method are
1500 mL and shall be representative of the grout in the mixer.
defined in Terminology C125 or in this section.
3.1.1 bleeding—this term is defined in Terminology C125
9. Procedure
with the exception that bleeding pertains to grout in this test
9.1 When sampling and testing are being performed in the
method.
laboratory for the purpose of designing or comparing mixtures
3.1.2 expansion—increase in the volume of a grout, ex-
or for qualifying admixtures including grout fluidifiers proceed
pressed as a percentage of the original volume of the grout.
in the following manner:
1 9.1.1 Maintain the ambient temperature of the room in
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on
which the test is performed at 23.0 6 2°C (73.4 6 3°F), unless
Concrete and ConcreteAggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
C09.41 on Hydraulic Cement Grouts.
otherwise specified.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010. Published November 2010. Originally
9.1.2 Bring the temperature of all dry materials and mixing
approvedin1981.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2003asC940–98a(2003).DOI:
water to a constant temperature of 23.0 6 2°C (73.4 6 3°F)
10.1520/C0940-10.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or before mixing, unless otherwise specified.
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
9.1.3 Start volume measurements within 3 min of comple-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
tion of mixing.
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

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C940–10
9.2 When sampling and testing are being performed in the
V = volume of sample at beginning of test, mL,
1
field, record the temperature of the grout sample and the
V = volume of sample at prescribed intervals, measured
2
ambient temperature of the area in which the test readings are
at upper surface of water layer, mL,
made. Record the time interval between completion of mixing V = volume of grout portion of sample at prescribed
g
and start of test.
intervals, at upper surface of grout, mL, and
V = volume of decanted bleed wat
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C940–98a (Reapproved 2003) Designation:C940–10
Standard Test Method for
Expansion and Bleeding of Freshly Mixed Grouts for
1
Preplaced-Aggregate Concrete in the Laboratory
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C940; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method determines the amount of expansion and accumulation of bleed water at the surface of freshly mixed
hydraulic-cement grout commonly used in the production of preplaced-aggregate (PA) concrete and cementitious post-tensioning
tendon grouts.
1.2 It is for use with hydraulic cement grout whether or not it includes fine aggregate or mineral admixturessupplemental
cementitious materials or both.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all
of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate
safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
C937 Specification for Grout Fluidifier for Preplaced-Aggregate Concrete
3. Terminology
3.1 Definition of Terms—Terms used in this test method are defined in Terminology C125 or in this section.
3.1.1 bleeding—This term is defined as stated in Terminology —this term is defined in Terminology C125 , with the exception
that itbleeding pertains to grout in this test method.
3.1.2 expansion—increase in the volume of a grout, expressed as a percentage of the original volume of the grout.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Grout is placed in a graduated cylinder. Changes in total volume and accumulation of bleed water, if any, on the surface
of the grout are observed over a period of time.
5. Significance and Use
5.1This method is useful for determining the expansion and bleeding characteristics of freshly mixed fluid grout used in PA
concrete.
5.1 Thistestmethodisusefulfordeterminingtheexpansionandbleedingcharacteristicsoffreshlymixedfluidhydrauliccement
grout commonly used in PA concrete and cementitious post-tensioning tendon grouts.
6. Interferences
6.1 Failure to obtain a uniformly smooth mixture, free of lumps, will cause excessive bleeding and may result in reduced
expansion.
6.2 The capability of most admixtures to produce expansion and the tendency to bleed is related to the temperature of the grout
during the period of test.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.41 on
Concrete for Radiation Shielding.
Current edition approved May 10, 1998. Published December 1998. Originally approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as C940–98a. DOI:
10.1520/C0940-98AR03.on Hydraulic Cement Grouts.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010. Published November 2010. Originally approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as C940–98a(2003). DOI:
10.1520/C0940-10.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C940–10
7. Apparatus
7.1 Glass Graduate, 1000 mL, reading to 10 mL.
7.2 Glass Graduate, 25 mL, reading to 1 mL.
7.3 Thermometer, accurate to 0.5°C (1°F) for measuring grout and air temperature.
8. Test Sample
8.1 The grout test sample shall consist of approximately 1500 mL and shall be representative of the grout in the mixer.
9. Procedure
9.1 When sampling and testing are being performed in the laboratory for the purpose of designing or comparing mixtures or
for qualifying admixtures including grout fluidifiers proceed in the following manner:
9.1.1 Maintaintheambienttemperatureoftheroominwhichthetestisperformedat23.0 6 2°C(73.4 6 3°F),unlessotherwise
specified.
9.1.2 Bring the temperature of all dry materials and mixing wat
...