ASTM D2196-10
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Rheological Properties of Non-Newtonian Materials by Rotational (Brookfield type) Viscometer
Standard Test Methods for Rheological Properties of Non-Newtonian Materials by Rotational (Brookfield type) Viscometer
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Test Method A is used for determining the apparent viscosity at a given rotational speed, although viscosities at two or more speeds give better characterization of a non-Newtonian material than does a single viscosity measurement.
With Test Methods B and C, the extent of shear thinning is indicated by the drop in viscosity with increasing viscometer speed. The degree of thixotropy is indicated by comparison of viscosities at increasing and decreasing viscometer speeds (Test Method B), viscosity recovery (Test Method B), or viscosities before and after high shear (combination of Test Methods B and C). The high-shear treatment in Test Method C approximates shearing during paint application. The viscosity behavior measured after high shear is indicative of the characteristics of the paint soon after application.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the apparent viscosity and the shear thinning and thixotropic properties of non-Newtonian materials in the shear rate range from 0.1 to 50 s−1.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D2196 −10
StandardTest Methods for
Rheological Properties of Non-Newtonian Materials by
1
Rotational (Brookfield type) Viscometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2196; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope viscometer. The agitation of the material immediately preced-
ing the viscosity measurements is carefully controlled.
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the
apparent viscosity and the shear thinning and thixotropic
4. Significance and Use
properties of non-Newtonian materials in the shear rate range
−1
from 0.1 to 50 s .
4.1 Test Method A is used for determining the apparent
viscosityatagivenrotationalspeed,althoughviscositiesattwo
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
ormorespeedsgivebettercharacterizationofanon-Newtonian
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
material than does a single viscosity measurement.
only.
4.2 WithTestMethodsBandC,theextentofshearthinning
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety
isindicatedbythedropinviscositywithincreasingviscometer
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
speed. The degree of thixotropy is indicated by comparison of
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
viscosities at increasing and decreasing viscometer speeds
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
(Test Method B), viscosity recovery (Test Method B), or
limitations prior to use.
viscosities before and after high shear (combination of Test
Methods B and C).The high-shear treatment inTest Method C
2. Referenced Documents
approximates shearing during paint application. The viscosity
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
behavior measured after high shear is indicative of the char-
E1Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
acteristics of the paint soon after application.
3. Summary of Test Method
5. Apparatus
3.1 Test Method A consists of determining the apparent
5.1 Rotational-type viscometers having at least four speeds,
viscosity of coatings and related materials by measuring the
such as:
torque on a spindle rotating at a constant speed in the material.
5.1.1 Brookfield Dial-Reading (Analog) Viscometer, or
3.2 Test Methods B and C consist of determining the shear
equivalent having multiple rotational speeds with set of
thinning and thixotropic (time-dependent) rheological proper-
spindles; or
3
ties of the materials. The viscosities of these materials are
5.1.2 Brookfield Digital Viscometer, or equivalent having
determined at a series of prescribed speeds of a rotational-type
multiple rotational speeds, with set of spindles.
5.2 Thermometer—ASTM thermometer having a range
from 20 to 70°C and conforming to the requirements for
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on
Thermometer 49C as prescribed in Specification E1.In
Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the direct
addition, temperature measuring devices such as non-mercury
responsibility of Subcommittee D01.24 on Physical Properties of Liquid Paints &
Paint Materials. liquid-in-glass thermometers, thermocouples, or platinum re-
CurrenteditionapprovedJuly1,2010.PublishedJuly2010.Originallyapproved
sistance thermometers that provide equivalent or better accu-
in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D2196–05. DOI: 10.1520/
racy and precision, that cover the temperature range for
D2196-10.
2
thermometer 49C, may be used.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
5.3 Containers, round 0.5-L (1-pt) can, 85 mm (3 ⁄8 in.) in
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. diameter, or 1-L (1-qt) can, 100 mm (4 in.) in diameter.
3
Pierce, P. E., “Measurement of Rheology of Thixotropic Organic Coatings and
5.4 Shaker, or equivalent machine capable of vigorously
Resins with the Brookfield Viscometer,” Journal of Paint Technology, Vol 43, No.
557, 1971, pp. 35–43. shaking the test specimen.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D2196−10
TABLE 2 Viscosity Variation of Cannon Viscosity Standards
6. Materials
About the 25°C Temperature Point
6.1 Standard Oils, calibrated in absolute viscosity, millipas-
Cannon Viscosity Viscosity at 25°C,
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D2196–05 Designation: D2196 – 10
Standard Test Methods for
Rheological Properties of Non-Newtonian Materials by
1
Rotational (Brookfield type) Viscometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2196; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the apparent viscosity and the shear thinning and thixotropic properties of
−1
non-Newtonian materials in the shear rate range from 0.1 to 50 s .
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the
user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations
prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 Test MethodAconsists of determining the apparent viscosity of coatings and related materials by measuring the torque on
a spindle rotating at a constant speed in the material.
3.2 Test Methods B and C consist of determining the shear thinning and thixotropic (time-dependent) rheological properties of
3
the materials. The viscosities of these materials are determined at a series of prescribed speeds of a rotational-type viscometer.
The agitation of the material immediately preceding the viscosity measurements is carefully controlled.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 TestMethodAisusedfordeterminingtheapparentviscosityatagivenrotationalspeed,althoughviscositiesattwoormore
speeds give better characterization of a non-Newtonian material than does a single viscosity measurement.
4.2 With Test Methods B and C, the extent of shear thinning is indicated by the drop in viscosity with increasing viscometer
speed. The degree of thixotropy is indicated by comparison of viscosities at increasing and decreasing viscometer speeds (Test
Method B), viscosity recovery (Test Method B), or viscosities before and after high shear (combination of Test Methods B and
C). The high-shear treatment in Test Method C approximates shearing during paint application. The viscosity behavior measured
after high shear is indicative of the characteristics of the paint soon after application.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Rotational-type viscometers having at least four speeds, such as:
5.1.1 Brookfield Dial-Reading (Analog) Viscometer,or , or equivalent having multiple rotational speeds with set of spindles; or
5.1.2 Brookfield Digital Viscometer, or equivalent having multiple rotational speeds, with set of spindles.
5.2 Thermometer—ASTM thermometer having a range from 20 to 70°C and conforming to the requirements for Thermometer
49C as prescribed in Specification E1. . In addition, temperature measuring devices such as non-mercury liquid-in-glass
thermometers, thermocouples, or platinum resistance thermometers that provide equivalent or better accuracy and precision, that
cover the temperature range for thermometer 49C, may be used.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and are the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.24 on Physical Properties of Liquid Paints and Paint Materials.
Current edition approved July 1, 2005.2010. Published August 2005.July 2010. Originally approved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 19992005 as
D2196–99.D2196–05. DOI: 10.1520/D2196-105.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Pierce, P. E., “Measurement of Rheology ofThixotropic Organic Coatings and Resins with the BrookfieldViscometer,” Journal of Paint Technology,Vol 43, No. 557,
1971, pp. 35–43.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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D2196 – 10
3
5.3 Containers, round 0.5-L (1-pt) can, 85 mm (3 ⁄8 in.) in dia
...
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