ASTM D4453-11
(Practice)Standard Practice for Handling of High Purity Water Samples
Standard Practice for Handling of High Purity Water Samples
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The determination of trace impurities (on the order of parts per billion) in high purity water places extreme requirements on all aspects of the analytical system. This is particularly true when ubiquitous species such as sodium and chloride are of interest because they can potentially be introduced as contaminants at almost every step of an analytical procedure. Contamination can occur during sample collection, during sample storage by leaching of improperly cleaned containers, during sample transfer, and by handling with pipets, syringes, etc., and during the actual analysis by contaminated reagents and sample cells and loop systems. It is also possible that trace contaminants can be lost from samples by volatilization or precipitation, by diffusion into the matrix of the container material, and by “plating out” on the walls of sampling lines by flow phenomena.
Strict adherence to a given procedure is necessary to achieve good results at trace levels of analysis because very small differences in procedure execution will affect precision and the addition or loss of nanogram amounts of analyte may affect the accuracy of a determination.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers concepts for handling high purity water samples needed for the measurement of ever-decreasing levels of specified impurities that are encountered in the operation of modern high-pressure boilers and turbines. The handling of blanks associated with the analysis of high purity water samples is also covered by this practice. The techniques presented can help the investigator increase the accuracy of analyses performed.
1.2 This practice is applicable to water and steam samples from “zero solids treated” once-through or drum-type boilers, reactor coolant water, electronic grade water, or any other process water where analyte concentrations are in the low parts per billion (micrograms per litre) range.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statements are given in 6.2.3.5, 6.1, and 6.3.7.
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Designation: D4453 − 11
StandardPractice for
1
Handling of High Purity Water Samples
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4453; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
2
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in these test
1.1 This practice covers concepts for handling high purity
methods, refer to Terminology D1129.
water samples needed for the measurement of ever-decreasing
levels of specified impurities that are encountered in the
4. Significance and Use
operation of modern high-pressure boilers and turbines. The
handling of blanks associated with the analysis of high purity
4.1 The determination of trace impurities (on the order of
water samples is also covered by this practice. The techniques
parts per billion) in high purity water places extreme require-
presented can help the investigator increase the accuracy of
ments on all aspects of the analytical system. This is particu-
analyses performed.
larlytruewhenubiquitousspeciessuchassodiumandchloride
are of interest because they can potentially be introduced as
1.2 This practice is applicable to water and steam samples
contaminants at almost every step of an analytical procedure.
from “zero solids treated” once-through or drum-type boilers,
Contamination can occur during sample collection, during
reactor coolant water, electronic grade water, or any other
sample storage by leaching of improperly cleaned containers,
processwaterwhereanalyteconcentrationsareinthelowparts
during sample transfer, and by handling with pipets, syringes,
per billion (micrograms per litre) range.
etc., and during the actual analysis by contaminated reagents
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
andsamplecellsandloopsystems.Itisalsopossiblethattrace
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
contaminants can be lost from samples by volatilization or
standard.
precipitation, by diffusion into the matrix of the container
material,andby“platingout”onthewallsofsamplinglinesby
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
flow phenomena.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 4.2 Strict adherence to a given procedure is necessary to
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
achieve good results at trace levels of analysis because very
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards small differences in procedure execution will affect precision
statements are given in 6.2.3.5, 6.1, and 6.3.7.
and the addition or loss of nanogram amounts of analyte may
affect the accuracy of a determination.
2. Referenced Documents
5. Reagents and Materials
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
D1066Practice for Sampling Steam
usedinalltests.Itisintendedthatallreagentsshallconformto
D1129Terminology Relating to Water
the specifications of the Committee onAnalytical Reagents of
D1193Specification for Reagent Water
theAmerican Chemical Society, where such specifications are
4
available. Other grades may be used, provided it is first
ascertained that the reagent is of sufficiently high purity to
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D19 on Water and
permit its use without lessening the accuracy of the determi-
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.03 on Sampling Water and
nation.
Water-Formed Deposits,Analysis of Water for Power Generation and Process Use,
On-Line Water Analysis, and Surveillance of Water.
5.2 Purity of Water— Reference to water that is used for
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2011. Published April 2011. Originally
reagent preparation, rinsing or dilution shall be understood to
approved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D4453–02(2006).
DOI: 10.1520/D4453-11.
2
This practice suggests the use of specific techniques. As new techniques are
developedorrequiredbylowerlimits,revisionofthispracticewilllikelybeneeded.
3 4
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or “Reagent Chemicals,American Chemical Society Specifications,”Am. Chemi-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM cal Soc., Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not listed by
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on theAmerican Chemical Society, see “Analar Standards for Laboratory Chemicals,”
the ASTM website. BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the “United States Pharmacopeia.”
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 B
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D4453–02 (Reapproved 2006) Designation: D4453 – 11
Standard Practice for
Handling of Ultra-Pure Water SamplesHandling of High
1
Purity Water Samples
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4453; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
2
1.1 This practice covers concepts for handling ultra-pure high purity water samples needed for the measurement of
ever-decreasing levels of specified impurities that are encountered in the operation of modern high-pressure boilers and turbines.
The handling of blanks associated with the analysis of ultra-purehigh purity water samples is also covered by this practice. The
techniques presented can help the investigator increase the accuracy of analyses performed.
1.2 Thispracticeisapplicabletowaterandsteamsamplesfrom“zerosolidstreated”once-throughordrum-typeboilers,reactor
coolant water, electronic grade water, or any other process water where analyte concentrations are in the low parts per billion
(micrograms per litre) range.
1.3
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statements are given in 5.2.3.56.2.3.5, 5.16.1, and 5.3.76.3.7.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1066 Practice for Sampling Steam
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
3. Significance and Use
3.1The determination of trace impurities (on the order of parts per billion) in ultra-pure water places extreme requirements on
all aspects of the analytical system. This is particularly true when ubiquitous species such as sodium and chloride are of interest
because they can potentially be introduced as contaminants at almost every step of an analytical procedure. Contamination can
occur during sample collection, during sample storage by leaching of improperly cleaned containers, during sample transfer, and
byhandlingwithpipets,syringes,etc.,andduringtheactualanalysisbycontaminatedreagentsandsamplecellsandloopsystems.
It is also possible that trace contaminants can be lost from samples by volatilization or precipitation, by diffusion into the matrix
of the container material, and by “plating out” on the walls of sampling lines by flow phenomena.
3.2Strict adherence to a given procedure is necessary to achieve good results at trace levels of analysis because very small
differences in procedure execution will affect precision and the addition or loss of nanogram amounts of analyte may affect the
accuracy of a determination. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in these test methods, refer to Terminology D1129.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 The determination of trace impurities (on the order of parts per billion) in high purity water places extreme requirements
onallaspectsoftheanalyticalsystem.Thisisparticularlytruewhenubiquitousspeciessuchassodiumandchlorideareofinterest
because they can potentially be introduced as contaminants at almost every step of an analytical procedure. Contamination can
occur during sample collection, during sample storage by leaching of improperly cleaned containers, during sample transfer, and
1
ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD19onWaterandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD19.03onSamplingWaterandWater-Formed
Deposits, Analysis of Water for Power Generation and Process Use, On-Line Water Analysis, and Surveillance of Water.
Current edition approved JulyFeb. 1, 2006.2011. Published July 2006.April 2011. Originally approved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 20022006 as
D4453–02(2006). DOI: 10.1520/D4453-02R06.10.1520/D4453-11.
2
This practice suggests the use of specific techniques. As new techniques are developed or required by lower limits, revision of this practice will likely be needed.
3
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM
...
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