ASTM E169-04

Standard Practices for General Techniques of Ultraviolet-Visible Quantitative Analysis

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
These practices are a source of general information on the techniques of ultraviolet and visible quantitative analyses. They provide the user with background information that should help ensure the reliability of spectrophotometric measurements.
These practices are not intended as a substitute for a thorough understanding of any particular analytical method. It is the responsibility of the users to familiarize themselves with the critical details of a method and the proper operation of the available instrumentation.
SCOPE
1.1 These practices are intended to provide general information on the techniques most often used in ultraviolet and visible quantitative analysis. The purpose is to render unnecessary the repetition of these descriptions of techniques in individual methods for quantitative analysis.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of whoever uses this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Oct-2004
• ICS: 71.040.50 - Physicochemical methods of analysis
• Technical Committee: E13 - Molecular Spectroscopy and Separation Science
• Drafting Committee: E13.01 - Ultra-Violet, Visible, and Luminescence Spectroscopy

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM E169-99 - Standard Practices for General Techniques of Ultraviolet-Visible Quantitative Analysis
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2004
• Replaced By: ASTM E169-04(2009) - Standard Practices for General Techniques of Ultraviolet-Visible Quantitative Analysis
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2009
• Referred By: ASTM F451-21 - Standard Specification for Acrylic Bone Cement
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D5412-93(2017)e1 - Standard Test Method for Quantification of Complex Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Mixtures or Petroleum Oils in Water
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2004
• Referred By: ASTM E925-09(2022) - Standard Practice for Monitoring the Calibration of Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrophotometers whose Spectral Bandwidth does not Exceed 2 nm
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D8431-22 - Standard Test Method for Detection of Water-soluble Petroleum Oils by A-TEEM Optical Spectroscopy and Multivariate Analysis
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D6703-19 - Standard Test Method for Automated Heithaus Titrimetry
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2004
• Referred By: ASTM E60-11(2022)e1 - Standard Practice for Analysis of Metals, Ores, and Related Materials by Spectrophotometry
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2004
• Referred By: ASTM E275-08(2022) - Standard Practice for Describing and Measuring Performance of Ultraviolet and Visible Spectrophotometers
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D6953-18 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Antioxidants and Erucamide Slip Additives in Polyethylene Using Liquid Chromatography (LC)
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D3935-21 - Standard Classification System and Basis for Specification for Polycarbonate (PC) Unfilled and Reinforced Material
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2004
• Referred By: ASTM E2193-23 - Standard Test Method for Ultraviolet Transmittance of Monoethylene Glycol (using Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry)
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D5831-17 - Standard Practice for Screening Fuels in Soils
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D1840-22 - Standard Test Method for Naphthalene Hydrocarbons in Aviation Turbine Fuels by Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D6258-17 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Solvent Red 164 Dye Concentration in Diesel Fuels
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2004

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation:E169–04
Standard Practices for
General Techniques of Ultraviolet-Visible
1
Quantitative Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E169; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
A 5abc (1)
1. Scope
1.1 These practices are intended to provide general infor-
When applied to a mixture of n non-interacting components,
mation on the techniques most often used in ultraviolet and
it may be expressed as follows:
visible quantitative analysis. The purpose is to render unnec-
essary the repetition of these descriptions of techniques in
A 5a bc 1a bc 1 . 1a bc (2)
1 1 2 2 n n
individual methods for quantitative analysis.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
NOTE 1—Detailed discussion of the origin and validity of Beer’s law
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
maybefoundinthebooksandarticleslistedinthebibliographyattheend
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
of these practices.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2 This practice describes the application of Beer’s law in
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
typical spectrophotometric analytical applications. It also de-
scribes operating parameters that must be considered when
2. Referenced Documents
using these techniques.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E131 Terminology Relating to Molecular Spectroscopy
4. Significance and Use
E168 Practices for General Techniques of Infrared Quanti-
4.1 These practices are a source of general information on
tative Analysis
the techniques of ultraviolet and visible quantitative analyses.
E275 Practice for Describing and Measuring Performance
Theyprovidetheuserwithbackgroundinformationthatshould
of Ultraviolet and Visible Spectrophotometers
help ensure the reliability of spectrophotometric measure-
E925 PracticeforMonitoringtheCalibrationofUltraviolet-
ments.
Visible Spectrophotometers whose Spectral Bandwidth
4.2 These practices are not intended as a substitute for a
does not Exceed 2 nm
thorough understanding of any particular analytical method. It
E958 Practice for Measuring Practical Spectral Bandwidth
is the responsibility of the users to familiarize themselves with
of Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrophotometers
the critical details of a method and the proper operation of the
available instrumentation.
3. Summary of Practice
3.1 Quantitative ultraviolet and visible analyses are based
5. Sample Preparation
upontheabsorptionlaw,knownasBeer’slaw.Theunitsofthis
5.1 Accurately weigh the specified amount of the sample
law are defined in Terminology E131. Beer’s law (Note 1)
(solid or liquid). Dissolve in the appropriate solvent and dilute
holds at a single wavelength and when applied to a single
to the specified volume in volumetric glassware of the required
component sample it may be expressed in the following form
accuracy, ensuring that all appropriate temperature range
(see Section 10):
tolerancesaremaintained.Ifneeded,adilutionshouldbemade
with a calibrated pipet and volumetric flask, using adequate
1
volumes for accuracy. With the availability of moderin wide
These practices are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E13 on
Molecular Spectroscopy and Separation Science and are the direct responsibility of
range electronic balances, (capable of reading kg quantities to
Subcommittee E13.01 on Ultra-Violet, Visible, and Luminescence Spectroscopy.
four or five decimal places), gravimetric dilution should be
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2004. Published December 2004. Originally
considered as a more accurate alternative to volumetric, if
approved in 1960. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as E169 – 99. DOI:
available. Fill the absorption cell with the solution, and fill the
10.1520/E0169-04.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
comparison or blank cell with the pure solvent, at least 2 to 33
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
(if sufficient sample or solvent is available), before measuring.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

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E169–04
6. Cell and Base-Line Checks specified value. If the instrument has only a mechanical slit
width indicator, use the information provided in the manufac-
6.1 Clean and match the cells. Suggested cleaning proce-
turer’s literature to calculate the slit w
...