ASTM D4740-20
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Cleanliness and Compatibility of Residual Fuels by Spot Test
Standard Test Method for Cleanliness and Compatibility of Residual Fuels by Spot Test
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The four procedures in this test method are used alone or in combination to identify fuels or blends that could result in excessive centrifuge loading, strainer plugging, tank sludge formation, or similar operating problems.
5.2 A spot rating of Number 3 or higher on a finished fuel oil by the cleanliness procedure indicates that the fuel contains excessive suspended solids and is likely to cause operating problems.
5.3 Although a fuel may test clean when subjected to the cleanliness procedures (manual and automated), suspended solids can precipitate when the fuel is mixed with a blend stock. Evidence of such incompatibility is indicated by a spot rating of Number 3 or higher in the compatibility procedures (manual and automated).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers separate procedures for determining the cleanliness of residual fuel oil and the compatibility of a residual fuel oil with a blend stock. It is applicable to residual fuel oils with viscosities up to 50 cSt (1 cSt = 1 mm2s) at 100 °C. This test method describes two protocols: one manual and one automated.
Note 1: This test method has not been evaluated for heavy distillate having the propensity to leave a wax sediment on the filter paper and contain no residual asphaltene.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4740 − 20
Standard Test Method for
Cleanliness and Compatibility of Residual Fuels by Spot
1
Test
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4740; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D4870 Test Method for Determination of Total Sediment in
Residual Fuels
1.1 This test method covers separate procedures for deter-
3
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
miningthecleanlinessofresidualfueloilandthecompatibility
Reference Spot Sheet
of a residual fuel oil with a blend stock. It is applicable to
2
residual fuel oils with viscosities up to 50 cSt (1 cSt = 1 mm s)
3. Terminology
at 100 °C. This test method describes two protocols: one
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, see
manual and one automated.
Terminology D4175.
NOTE 1—This test method has not been evaluated for heavy distillate
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
having the propensity to leave a wax sediment on the filter paper and
contain no residual asphaltene.
3.2.1 blend stock, n—one component or more components
used to make a final fuel product.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.2.1.1 Discussion—In heavy fuel oils, blend stocks include
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
various refinery streams ranging from kerosine to heavy
standard.
distillates, residuals, and asphalts.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.2 cleanliness, n—of residual fuel, the concentration of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
suspended solids in a finished sample.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.2.1 Discussion—The lower the concentration of sus-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
pended solids, the cleaner the residual fuel.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor- 3.2.3 compatibility, n—of residual fuel, the absence of
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
suspended solids when equal volumes of a sample and a blend
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
stock are mixed together.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
4. Summary of Test Method
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4.1 Cleanliness Procedures, Manual and Automated—A
drop of the preheated and thoroughly mixed sample is put on
2. Referenced Documents
a test paper and placed in an oven at 100 °C.After 1 h, the test
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
paper is removed from the oven and the resultant spot is
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
examined for evidence of suspended solids and rated for
Petroleum Products
cleanliness using the D4740 Adjunct Reference Spot Sheet.
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
4.2 Compatibility Procedures, Manual and Automated—A
Fuels, and Lubricants
blend composed of equal volumes of the sample fuel oil and
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
the blend stock is tested in the same way as described in 4.1
Petroleum Products
and rated for compatibility against D4740 Adjunct Reference
Spot Sheet.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
5. Significance and Use
Subcommittee D02.14 on Stability, Cleanliness and Compatibility of Liquid Fuels.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2020. Published September 2020. Originally
5.1 Thefourproceduresinthistestmethodareusedaloneor
approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as D4740 – 19. DOI:
in combination to identify fuels or blends that could result in
10.1520/D4740-20.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No.
the ASTM website. ADJD4740. Original adjunct produced in 2000.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4740 − 20
excessive centrifuge loading, strainer plugging, tank
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4740 − 19 D4740 − 20
Standard Test Method for
Cleanliness and Compatibility of Residual Fuels by Spot
1
Test
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4740; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers separate procedures for determining the cleanliness of residual fuel oil and the compatibility of a
2
residual fuel oil with a blend stock. It is applicable to residual fuel oils with viscosities up to 50 cSt (1 cSt = 1 mm s) at 100 °C.
This test method describes two protocols: one manual and one automated.
NOTE 1—This test method has not been evaluated for heavy distillate having the propensity to leave a wax sediment on the filter paper and contain no
residual asphaltene.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4870 Test Method for Determination of Total Sediment in Residual Fuels
3
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
Reference Spot Sheet
3. Terminology
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, see Terminology D4175.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.14 on Stability, Cleanliness and Compatibility of Liquid Fuels.
Current edition approved May 1, 2019Sept. 1, 2020. Published June 2019September 2020. Originally approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 20142019 as
D4740 – 04 (2014).D4740 – 19. DOI: 10.1520/D4740-19.10.1520/D4740-20.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No. ADJD4740. Original adjunct produced in 2000.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4740 − 20
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 blend stock, n—one component or more components used to make a final fuel product.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—
In heavy fuel oils, blend stocks include various refinery streams ranging from kerosine to heavy distillates, residuals, and asphalts.
3.2.2 cleanliness, n—of residual fuel, the concentration of suspended solids in a finished sample.
3.2.2.1 Discussion—
The lower the concentration of suspended solids, the cleaner the residual fuel.
3.2.3 compatibility, n—of residual fuel, the absence of suspended solids when equal volumes of a sample and a blend stock are
mixed together.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Cleanliness Procedures, Manual and Automated—A drop of the preheated and thoroughly mixed sample is put on a test paper
and placed in an oven at 100 °C. After 1 h, the test paper is removed from the oven and the resultant spot is examined for evidence
of suspended solids and rated for cleanliness using the D4740 Adjunct Reference Spot Sheet.
4.2 Compatibility Procedures, Manual and Automated—A blend composed of equal volumes of the sample fuel oil and the blend
stock is tested in the same way as described in 4.1 and rated for compatibility against D4740 Adjunct Reference Spot Sheet.
5.
...
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