ASTM F2664-19e1
(Guide)Standard Guide for Assessing the Attachment of Cells to Biomaterial Surfaces by Physical Methods
Standard Guide for Assessing the Attachment of Cells to Biomaterial Surfaces by Physical Methods
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Cell attachment or, lack of it, to biomaterials is a critical factor affecting the performance of a device or implant. Cell attachment is a complicated, time-dependent, process involving significant morphological changes of the cell and deposition of a bed of extracellular matrix. Details of the adhesive bond that is formed have been reviewed by, for example, Pierres et al (2002) (4), Lukas and Dvorak (2004) (5), and Garcia and Gallant (2003) (6). The strength of this coupling can be determined either by monitoring the force of attachment between a cell and a substrate over time or by measuring the force required to detach the cell once it has adhered.
4.2 Cell adhesion to a surface depends on a range of biological and physical factors that include the culture history, the age of the cell, the cell type, and both the chemistry and morphology of the underlying surface and time. These elements need to be considered in developing a test protocol.
4.3 Devising robust methods for measuring the propensity of cells to attach to different substrates is further complicated since either cell adhesion or detachment can be assessed. These processes are not always similar or complementary.
4.4 Most studies of cell attachment focus on obtaining some measure of the time-dependent force required to detach, or de-adhere, cells that have already adhered to a surface (James et al, 2005) (7). More recently investigators have begun to measure the adhesive forces that develop between cells and the underlying surface during attachment (Lukas and Dvorak, 2004) (5). From a practical point of view, it is much easier to measure the force required to detach or de-adhere cells from a surface than to measure those that develop during attachment. However, in both cases, the experimental data should be interpreted with a degree of caution that depends on the intended use of the measurements. The methods of measuring cell adhesion described herein are measures of the force required to ...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide describes protocols that can be used to measure the strength of the adhesive bond that develops between a cell and a surface as well as the force required to detach cells that have adhered to a substrate. Controlling the interactions of mammalian cells with surfaces is fundamental to the development of safe and effective medical products. This guide does not cover methods for characterizing surfaces. The information generated by these methods can be used to obtain quantitative measures of the susceptibility of surfaces to cell attachment as well as measures of the adhesion of cells to a surface. This guide also highlights the importance of cell culture history and influences of cell type.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation: F2664 − 19
Standard Guide for
Assessing the Attachment of Cells to Biomaterial Surfaces
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by Physical Methods
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2664; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
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ε NOTE—Editorial corrections were made throughout in November 2019.
1. Scope F2312 Terminology Relating to Tissue Engineered Medical
Products
1.1 This guide describes protocols that can be used to
F2603 Guide for Interpreting Images of Polymeric Tissue
measure the strength of the adhesive bond that develops
Scaffolds
between a cell and a surface as well as the force required to
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2.2 ISO Standards:
detach cells that have adhered to a substrate. Controlling the
ISO 4287 Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS)—
interactions of mammalian cells with surfaces is fundamental
Surface Texture: Profile Method—Terms, Definitions and
tothedevelopmentofsafeandeffectivemedicalproducts.This
Surface Texture Parameters
guide does not cover methods for characterizing surfaces. The
ISO 13565-1 Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS)—
information generated by these methods can be used to obtain
Surface Texture: Profile Method; Surfaces Having Strati-
quantitative measures of the susceptibility of surfaces to cell
fied Functional Properties—Part 1: Filtering and General
attachment as well as measures of the adhesion of cells to a
Measurement Conditions
surface. This guide also highlights the importance of cell
culture history and influences of cell type.
3. Terminology
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1 Definitions:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.1 biocompatibility, n—material may be considered bio-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
compatible if the materials perform with an appropriate host
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
response in a specific application. F2312
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor- 3.1.2 biomarker, n—biochemical feature or facet that can be
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- used to measure the progress of disease or the effects of
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
treatment.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.1.3 biomaterial, n—any substance (other than a drug),
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
synthetic or natural, that can be used as a system or part of a
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
system that treats, augments, or replaces any tissue, organ, or
function of the body. F2312
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.4 detachment, n—process whereby an adhered cell or
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2.1 ASTM Standards:
group of cells is actively detached from a surface.
D4410 Terminology for Fluvial Sediment
3.1.5 hydrophilic, adj—having a strong affinity for water,
F22 Test Method for Hydrophobic Surface Films by the
wettable. F22
Water-Break Test
3.1.6 implant, n—in medicine, object, structure, or device
intended to reside within the body for diagnostic, prosthetic, or
other therapeutic purposes.
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This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F04 on Medical and
Surgical Materials and Devices and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
3.1.7 laminar flow, n—well-ordered, patterned flow of fluid
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F04.43 on Cells and Tissue Engineered Constructs for TEMPs.
layers assumed to slide over one another. See Ref (1).
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2019. Published November 2019. Originally
approved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as F2664 – 11. DOI:
10.1520/F2664-19E01.
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
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Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of
the ASTM website. this standard.
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F2664 − 19
3.1.8 lay, n—direction of the predominant surface pattern. the age of the cell, the cell type, and both the chemistry
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