ASTM C638-09

Standard Descriptive Nonmenclature of Constituents of Aggregates for Radiation-Shielding Concrete

SCOPE
1.1 This descriptive nomenclature is intended to give accurate descriptions of some common or important naturally occurring and synthetic constituents of aggregates for radiation-shielding concrete, that, at the same time, are not common or important constituents of concrete aggregates in general use. While most of the minerals and rocks discussed below may occur in small quantities in aggregates in general use, they are not major constituents of such aggregates. Common constituents of aggregates in general use are described in Descriptive Nomenclature C294. Radiation-shielding concrete often contains such aggregates, but other special aggregates are used in some circumstances.
1.2 The synthetic aggregates included are ferrophosphorus and boron frit.
1.3 The descriptions are not adequate to permit the identification of materials, since accurate identification of natural and synthetic aggregate constituents in many cases can only be made by a qualified geologist, mineralogist, or petrographer, using the apparatus and procedures of those sciences.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2009
• ICS: 13.280 - Radiation protection
• ICS: 91.100.30 - Concrete and concrete products
• Technical Committee: C09 - Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
• Drafting Committee: C09.41 - Hydraulic Cement Grouts

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM C638-92(2002) - Standard Descriptive Nonmenclature of Constituents of Aggregates for Radiation-Shielding Concrete
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2009
• Referred By: ASTM C125-21a - Standard Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2009
• Referred By: ASTM C637-20 - Standard Specification for Aggregates for Radiation-Shielding Concrete
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2009
• Referred By: ASTM C33/C33M-23 - Standard Specification for Concrete Aggregates
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2009

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C638 − 09
StandardDescriptive Nomenclature of
Constituents of Aggregates for Radiation-Shielding
1
Concrete
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C638; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 3. Types of Materials
3.1 Two classes of materials are described below. The first
1.1 This descriptive nomenclature is intended to give accu-
class consists of minerals and rocks formed from them, and
rate descriptions of some common or important naturally
synthetic materials, that have high relative density (specific
occurring and synthetic constituents of aggregates for
gravity) and in addition contain substantial proportions of
radiation-shielding concrete, that, at the same time, are not
atoms of high or moderately high atomic weight. They are
common or important constituents of concrete aggregates in
referred to as heavy or high-density aggregates. The second
general use. While most of the minerals and rocks discussed
class consists of minerals and synthetic glasses of substantial
below may occur in small quantities in aggregates in general
boron content that are particularly effective in absorbing
use, they are not major constituents of such aggregates.
thermal neutrons without producing highly penetrating gamma
Common constituents of aggregates in general use are de-
rays. The boron-frit glasses are included because of their
scribed in Descriptive Nomenclature C294. Radiation-
frequent use.
shielding concrete often contains such aggregates, but other
special aggregates are used in some circumstances.
HEAVY AGGREGATES
1.2 The synthetic aggregates included are ferrophosphorus
4. Descriptions of Naturally Occurring Constituents
and boron frit.
4.1 Members of this group have higher relative density
1.3 The descriptions are not adequate to permit the identi-
(specific gravity) than aggregates in general use. Six are iron
fication of materials, since accurate identification of natural
minerals, of which five are important iron ore minerals and the
and synthetic aggregate constituents in many cases can only be
sixth is an ore of titanium. Two are barium minerals worked as
made by a qualified geologist, mineralogist, or petrographer,
the principal sources of barium salts. The other is
using the apparatus and procedures of those sciences.
ferrophosphorus, a mixture of synthetic iron phosphides.
4.2 The constituents are described below first as minerals,
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this and then as major constituents of ores when their aspect as
major constituents of ores affects the behavior of ores as
standard.
concrete aggregates.
2. Referenced Documents
5. Iron Minerals and Ores
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.1 Hematite (Fe O )—Hematite has a hardness of 5 to 6 on
2 3
C294 Descriptive Nomenclature for Constituents of Con-
Mohs’ scale (will be scratched by hard steel), and a relative
crete Aggregates
density (specific gravity) of 5.26 when pure. The color varies
from bright red to dull red to steel gray; luster varies from
metallic to submetallic to dull; the streak is cherry red or
1
This descriptive nomenclature is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee
reddish brown; it is nonmagnetic.
C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of
5.1.1 Hematite Ores—Rocks of which hematite is the major
Subcommittee C09.41 on Hydraulic Cement Grouts.
constituent vary from one deposit to another, and within the
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2009. Published January 2010. Originally
deposit, in specific gravity, toughness, compactness, amount of
approved in 1973. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as C638–92(2002). DOI:
10.1520/C0638-09.
impurities, degree of weathering, and suitability for use as
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
concreteaggregate.Hematiteappearstobetheironoremineral
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
most exploited as a source of iron. The ores of the Lake
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. Superior region are banded sedimentary ores consisting of
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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C638 − 09
layers rich in hematite, and sometimes goethit
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C638–92 (Reapproved 2002) Designation: C638 – 09
Standard Descriptive Nomenclature of
Constituents of Aggregates for Radiation-Shielding
1
Concrete
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C638; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This descriptive nomenclature is intended to give accurate descriptions of some common or important naturally occurring
and synthetic constituents of aggregates for radiation-shielding concrete, that, at the same time, are not common or important
constituents of concrete aggregates in general use. While most of the minerals and rocks discussed below may occur in small
quantities in aggregates in general use, they are not major constituents of such aggregates. Common constituents of aggregates in
general use are described in Descriptive Nomenclature C294. Radiation-shielding concrete often contains such aggregates, but
other special aggregates are used in some circumstances.
1.2 The synthetic aggregates included are ferrophosphorus and boron frit.
1.3 The descriptions are not adequate to permit the identification of materials, since accurate identification of natural and
synthetic aggregate constituents in many cases can only be made by a qualified geologist, mineralogist, or petrographer, using the
apparatus and procedures of those sciences.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C294 Descriptive Nomenclature for Constituents of Concrete Aggregates
3. Types of Materials
3.1 Two classes of materials are described below.The first class consists of minerals and rocks formed from them, and synthetic
materials, that have high relative density (specific gravity) and in addition contain substantial proportions of atoms of high or
moderately high atomic weight. They are referred to as heavy or high-density aggregates. The second class consists of minerals
and synthetic glasses of substantial boron content that are particularly effective in absorbing thermal neutrons without producing
highly penetrating gamma rays. The boron-frit glasses are included because of their frequent use.
HEAVYAGGREGATES
4. Descriptions of Naturally Occurring Constituents
4.1 Members of this group have higher specific gravitiesrelative density (specific gravity) than aggregates in general use. Six
areironminerals,ofwhichfiveareimportantironoremineralsandthesixthisanoreoftitanium.Twoarebariummineralsworked
as the principal sources of barium salts. The other is ferrophosphorus, a mixture of synthetic iron phosphides.
4.2 The constituents are described below first as minerals, and then as major constituents of ores when their aspect as major
constituents of ores affects the behavior of ores as concrete aggregates.
5. Iron Minerals and Ores
5.1 Hematite (Fe O )—Hematitehasahardnessof5to6onMohs’scale(willbescratchedbyhardsteel),andarelativedensity
2 3
(specific gravity) of 5.26 when pure. The color varies from bright red to dull red to steel gray; luster varies from metallic to
1
This descriptive nomenclature is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C09 on Concrete and ConcreteAggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
C09.41 on Pre-placed Aggregate Concrete for Radiation Shielding.
Current edition approved Dec. 10, 2002. Published February 2003. Originally approved in 1973. Last previous edition approved in 1992 as C638 – 92. DOI:
10.1520/C0638-92R02.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2009. Published January 2010. Originally approved in 1973. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as C638–92(2002). DOI:
10.1520/C0638-09.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
, Vol 04.02.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*ASummary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C638 – 09
submetallic to dull; the streak is cherry red or
...