ASTM F3152-16
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining Abrasion Resistance of Inks and Coatings on Substrates Using Dry or Wet Abrasive Medium (Withdrawn 2023)
Standard Test Method for Determining Abrasion Resistance of Inks and Coatings on Substrates Using Dry or Wet Abrasive Medium (Withdrawn 2023)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Membrane switch keys are subjected to repeated actuations, usually by a human finger. This can transfer body oil, hand creams, automotive fluids and so forth. Materials are often subjected to other conditions (for example, wiping, cleaning, rubbing) during handling, end-use, shipment, or storage that may cause abrasion damage. The result may be a significant removal of the coatings, text, or decorative inks.
3.2 This test method is applicable to a wide range of materials. The main criterion is that the abrasion process produces visible wear or breakthrough of the surface being tested.
3.3 The amount of abrasion damage to a surface is dependent on numerous variables. This test method provides a way of comparing relative abrasion resistance and the effect of chemicals on inks, coatings, and substrates. In no way do the results provide a correlation value of the number of human finger touches before coating failure. It only provides a means to compare results of tests performed using the same equipment, abrasive materials and loading conditions.
3.4 The test method can be used for quality control purposes, as a research and development tool, to evaluate material combinations for a given application, or for the comparison of materials with relatively similar properties and the effect of chemicals on the abrasion resistance.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the procedure for subjecting inks or coatings on substrates to an abrasive medium, with or without the application of chemicals, at a specified force.
1.2 Within certain limitations, as described in this standard, this test method is applicable for materials including, but not limited to: printed or coated polyester, polycarbonate, and silicone rubber. The samples can be either flat or contoured.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method describes the procedure for subjecting inks or coatings on substrates to an abrasive medium, with or without the application of chemicals, at a specified force.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee F01 on Electronics, this test method was withdrawn in November 2023. This standard is being withdrawn without replacement because Committee F01 was disbanded.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F3152 − 16
Standard Test Method for
Determining Abrasion Resistance of Inks and Coatings on
1
Substrates Using Dry or Wet Abrasive Medium
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3152; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope cleaning, rubbing) during handling, end-use, shipment, or
storage that may cause abrasion damage. The result may be a
1.1 This test method describes the procedure for subjecting
significant removal of the coatings, text, or decorative inks.
inks or coatings on substrates to an abrasive medium, with or
without the application of chemicals, at a specified force. 3.2 This test method is applicable to a wide range of
materials. The main criterion is that the abrasion process
1.2 Within certain limitations, as described in this standard,
produces visible wear or breakthrough of the surface being
this test method is applicable for materials including, but not
tested.
limited to: printed or coated polyester, polycarbonate, and
silicone rubber. The samples can be either flat or contoured. 3.3 The amount of abrasion damage to a surface is depen-
dent on numerous variables. This test method provides a way
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
of comparing relative abrasion resistance and the effect of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
chemicals on inks, coatings, and substrates. In no way do the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
results provide a correlation value of the number of human
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
finger touches before coating failure. It only provides a means
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
to compare results of tests performed using the same
2. Terminology
equipment, abrasive materials and loading conditions.
2.1 Definitions: 3.4 The test method can be used for quality control
2.1.1 final breakthrough, n—the number of cycles until
purposes, as a research and development tool, to evaluate
complete removal of the first surface ink or coating being material combinations for a given application, or for the
tested. comparison of materials with relatively similar properties and
the effect of chemicals on the abrasion resistance.
2.1.2 membrane switch, n—a momentary switching device
in which at least one contact is on, or made of, a flexible
4. Interferences
substrate.
4.1 Inconsistent wear can occur which will compromise the
2.1.3 wear limit, n—in testing membrane switches, the
results. Caution is necessary to ensure the mounting method
number of cycles until an underlying layer of different color
does not deflect the specimen, which may influence the wear
may be seen through the first layer (not applicable for
characteristics.
transparent coatings).
4.2 Contoured surfaces can be tested but results may be
3. Significance and Use more difficult to duplicate and some equipment is not designed
to test non-flat surfaces.
3.1 Membrane switch keys are subjected to repeated
actuations, usually by a human finger. This can transfer body 4.3 Whenever possible, a smooth surface is preferred. Extra
oil, hand creams, automotive fluids and so forth. Materials are
care should be taken when evaluating a non-uniform surface
often subjected to other conditions (for example, wiping, (that is, rough surface), and for the user to recognize potential
variations between specimens.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F01 on
5. Apparatus
Electronics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F01.18 on Printed
Electronics. 5.1 Machine capable of providing cyclic abrasion to a test
Current edition approved May 1, 2016. Published May 2016. Originally
specimen under controlled loading conditions.
approved in 2015. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as F3152-15. DOI:
10.1520/F3152-16.
5.2 Suggested sources:
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F3152 − 16
2
5.2.1 Dry & Wet: Norman Tool Abrader Model WA-1010. 8. Procedure
5.2.2 Dry Only: Norman Tool RCAAbrader.
8.1 Align specimen targeted test point to the applied force.
5.3 Specimen Mounting Fixture or Holder, a suitable device
8.2 Adjust Force.
of sufficient strength and rigidity used to secure the specimen
8.2.1 Wet: 250 g or as specified.
so that it is held rigidly and perpendic
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F3152 − 15 F3152 − 16
Standard Test Method for
Determining Abrasion Resistance of Inks and Coatings on
Substrates Using Norman Tool “WA-1010 Wet AbraderDry or
1
Wet Abrasive Medium ”
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3152; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method describes the procedure for subjecting inks or coatings on membrane switches substrates to an abrasive
medium, with or without the application of chemicals, at a specified force.
1.2 Within certain limitations, as described in this standard, this test method is applicable for materials including, but not limited
to: printed or coated polyester, polycarbonate, and silicone rubber. The samples can be either flat or contoured.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Terminology
2.1 Definitions:
2.1.1 final breakthrough, n—the number of cycles until complete removal of the first surface ink or coating being tested.
2.1.2 membrane switch, n—a momentary switching device in which at least one contact is on, or made of, a flexible substrate.
2.1.3 wear limit, n—in testing membrane switches, the number of cycles until an underlying layer of different color may be seen
through the first layer (not applicable for transparent coatings).
3. Significance and Use
3.1 Membrane switch keys are subjected to repeated actuations, usually by a human finger. This can transfer body oil, hand
creams, automotive fluids and so forth. Materials are often subjected to other conditions (for example, wiping, cleaning, rubbing)
during handling, end-use, shipment, or storage that may cause abrasion damage. The result may be a significant removal of the
coatings, text, or decorative inks.
3.2 This test method is applicable to a wide range of materials. The main criterion is that the abrasion process produces visible
wear or breakthrough of the surface being tested.
3.3 The amount of abrasion damage to a surface is dependent on numerous variables. This test method provides a way of
comparing relative abrasion resistance and the effect of chemicals on inks, coatings, and substrates. In no way do the results
provide a correlation value of the number of human finger touches before coating failure. It only provides a means to compare
results of tests performed using the same equipment, abrasive materials and loading conditions.
3.4 The test method can be used for quality control purposes, as a research and development tool, to evaluate material
combinations for a given application, or for the comparison of materials with relatively similar properties and the effect of
chemicals on the abrasion resistance.
4. Interferences
4.1 Inconsistent wear can occur which will compromise the results. Caution is necessary to ensure the mounting method does
not deflect the specimen, which may influence the wear characteristics.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F01 on Electronics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F01.18 on Printed Electronics.
Current edition approved July 1, 2015May 1, 2016. Published September 2015May 2016. Originally approved in 2015. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as
F3152-15. DOI: 10.1520/F3152-15.10.1520/F3152-16.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F3152 − 16
4.2 Contoured surfaces can be tested but results may be more difficult to duplicate and some equipment is not designed to test
non-flat surfaces.
4.3 Whenever possible, a smooth surface is preferred. Extra care should be taken when evaluating a non-uniform surface (that
is, rough surface), and for the user to recognize potential variations between specimens.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Machine capable of providing cyclic abrasion to a test specimen under controlled loading conditions.
5.2 Suggested sources:
2
5.2.1 Norman Tool Abrader Model WA-1010.Dry & Wet: Norman Tool Abrader Model WA-1010.
5.2.2 Dry Only: Norman Tool RCA Abrader.
5.3 Specimen Mounting Fixture o
...
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: F3152 − 16
Standard Test Method for
Determining Abrasion Resistance of Inks and Coatings on
1
Substrates Using Dry or Wet Abrasive Medium
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3152; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope cleaning, rubbing) during handling, end-use, shipment, or
storage that may cause abrasion damage. The result may be a
1.1 This test method describes the procedure for subjecting
significant removal of the coatings, text, or decorative inks.
inks or coatings on substrates to an abrasive medium, with or
without the application of chemicals, at a specified force. 3.2 This test method is applicable to a wide range of
materials. The main criterion is that the abrasion process
1.2 Within certain limitations, as described in this standard,
produces visible wear or breakthrough of the surface being
this test method is applicable for materials including, but not
tested.
limited to: printed or coated polyester, polycarbonate, and
silicone rubber. The samples can be either flat or contoured. 3.3 The amount of abrasion damage to a surface is depen-
dent on numerous variables. This test method provides a way
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
of comparing relative abrasion resistance and the effect of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
chemicals on inks, coatings, and substrates. In no way do the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
results provide a correlation value of the number of human
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
finger touches before coating failure. It only provides a means
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
to compare results of tests performed using the same
2. Terminology equipment, abrasive materials and loading conditions.
2.1 Definitions:
3.4 The test method can be used for quality control
2.1.1 final breakthrough, n—the number of cycles until purposes, as a research and development tool, to evaluate
complete removal of the first surface ink or coating being material combinations for a given application, or for the
tested.
comparison of materials with relatively similar properties and
the effect of chemicals on the abrasion resistance.
2.1.2 membrane switch, n—a momentary switching device
in which at least one contact is on, or made of, a flexible
4. Interferences
substrate.
4.1 Inconsistent wear can occur which will compromise the
2.1.3 wear limit, n—in testing membrane switches, the
results. Caution is necessary to ensure the mounting method
number of cycles until an underlying layer of different color
does not deflect the specimen, which may influence the wear
may be seen through the first layer (not applicable for
characteristics.
transparent coatings).
4.2 Contoured surfaces can be tested but results may be
3. Significance and Use
more difficult to duplicate and some equipment is not designed
to test non-flat surfaces.
3.1 Membrane switch keys are subjected to repeated
actuations, usually by a human finger. This can transfer body
4.3 Whenever possible, a smooth surface is preferred. Extra
oil, hand creams, automotive fluids and so forth. Materials are care should be taken when evaluating a non-uniform surface
often subjected to other conditions (for example, wiping,
(that is, rough surface), and for the user to recognize potential
variations between specimens.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F01 on
5. Apparatus
Electronics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F01.18 on Printed
Electronics. 5.1 Machine capable of providing cyclic abrasion to a test
Current edition approved May 1, 2016. Published May 2016. Originally
specimen under controlled loading conditions.
approved in 2015. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as F3152-15. DOI:
10.1520/F3152-16. 5.2 Suggested sources:
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F3152 − 16
2
5.2.1 Dry & Wet: Norman Tool Abrader Model WA-1010. 8. Procedure
5.2.2 Dry Only: Norman Tool RCA Abrader.
8.1 Align specimen targeted test point to the applied force.
5.3 Specimen Mounting Fixture or Holder, a suitable device
8.2 Adjust Force.
of sufficient strength and rigidity used to secure the specimen
8.2.1 Wet: 250 g or as specified.
so that it is held rigidly and perpendicular to the load during
8.2.2 Dry: 175 g or as specified.
testing.
8.3 Gently lower the abradant onto the specimen.
5.4 Abrasive Media, com
...
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