ASTM A439-83(2009)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Austenitic Ductile Iron Castings
Standard Specification for Austenitic Ductile Iron Castings
ABSTRACT
This specification covers austenitic ductile iron castings used for their resistance to heat, corrosion and wear. The castings shall be melt processed using cupolas, air furnaces, electric furnaces or crucible furnaces. The iron castings shall undergo magnetic permeability test. Samples taken from test coupons, broken test specimens, or castings shall conform to the required chemical compositions of carbon, silicon, manganese, phosphorus, nickel and chromium. Mechanical tests shall be performed wherein the iron casting specimens shall conform to the required values of tensile strength, yield strength, elongation and Brinell hardness.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers austenitic ductile iron castings, which are used primarily for their resistance to heat, corrosion, and wear, and for other special purposes.
1.2 Austenitic ductile iron, also known as austenitic nodular iron or austenitic spheroidal iron, is characterized by having its graphite substantially in a spheroidal form and substantially free of flake graphite. It contains some carbides and sufficient alloy content to produce an austenitic structure.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:A439 −83(Reapproved 2009)
Standard Specification for
Austenitic Ductile Iron Castings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A439; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3.1.1 ASTM designation,
3.1.2 Type of austenitic ductile iron required (see 6.1),
1.1 This specification covers austenitic ductile iron castings,
which are used primarily for their resistance to heat, corrosion, 3.1.3 Heat treatment required (see 4.2 – 4.4),
and wear, and for other special purposes.
3.1.4 If repair of castings is permitted (see 4.5),
1.2 Austenitic ductile iron, also known as austenitic nodular 3.1.5 Size and number of test bars required (see 9.1 – 9.4
iron or austenitic spheroidal iron, is characterized by having its
and 10.1),
graphite substantially in a spheroidal form and substantially
3.1.6 Special tests, if required (see 12.1),
free of flake graphite. It contains some carbides and sufficient
3.1.7 Certification, if required (see 14.1), and
alloy content to produce an austenitic structure.
3.1.8 Different preparation for delivery requirements, if
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
needed (see 15.1).
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
4. Manufacture
and are not considered standard.
4.1 Melting may be done in any furnaces that produce
2. Referenced Documents
castings meeting the chemical and mechanical requirements
outlined in this specification. These include cupolas, air
2.1 ASTM Standards:
furnaces, electric furnaces, crucible furnaces, etc.
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
of Steel Products
4.2 By agreement between the manufacturer and the
A732/A732M Specification for Castings, Investment, Car-
purchaser, the castings may be stress relieved by heating to
bon and Low Alloy Steel for General Application, and
1150 to 1200°F (621 to 650°C) for not less than 1 h nor more
Cobalt Alloy for High Strength at Elevated Temperatures
than 2 h per inch of thickness in the thickest section. Heating
E8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
and cooling shall be uniform and shall not be more than 400°F
E30 Methods for Chemical Analysis of Ferroalloys
(222°C)/h for castings less than 1 in. (25.4 mm) in maximum
E59 Practice for Sampling Steel and Iron for Determination
thickness, nor more than 400°F (222°C) divided by the
of Chemical Composition
maximum section thickness in inches for thicker castings.
E351 Test Methods for ChemicalAnalysis of Cast Iron—All
During the cooling cycle, castings may be cooled in still air
Types
after the temperature has dropped to 600°F (315°C).
3. Ordering Information
4.3 Whenever dimensional changes in high-temperature
service are a problem, by agreement between the manufacturer
3.1 Orders for material to this specification shall include the
and the purchaser, the castings may be stabilized by heating at
following information:
1600°F (870°C) for 1 h per inch of section, with a minimum of
1 h. Otherwise, the austenite, which is super-saturated with
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A04 on Iron
respect to carbon, may reject carbon during service and
Castings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A04.02 on Malleable and
Ductile Iron Castings. produce dimensional changes.
Current edition approved May 1, 2009. Published August 2009. Originally
approved in 1960. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as A439 - 83 (2004). 4.4 By agreement between the manufacturer and the
DOI: 10.1520/A0439-83R09.
purchaser, castings with chilled edges or excessive carbides
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
may be annealed at 1750 to 1900°F (955 to 1040°C) for ⁄2 to
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
5 h followed by uniform cooling, preferably in still air.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3 4.5 Repairbywelding,plugging,orotherapprovedmethods
Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced
on www.astm.org. may be done only with written permission from the purchaser.
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A439−83 (2009)
5. Magnetic Properties 8. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
5.1 In the event that nonmagnetic castings are specified, the
8.1 The castings shall conform substantially to the dimen-
magnetic permeability test shall be used. The maximum
sions on the drawings furnished by the purchaser, or if no
magnetic permeability value shall be agreed upon between the
drawing has been provided, to the dimensions predicated by
manufacturer and the purchaser.
the pattern supplied by the purchaser.The castings shall be free
of injurious defects. Surfaces of the castings shall be free of
NOTE 1—Aconvenient shop test for differentiating the various types of
austenitic ductile iron is based on the fact that a ground face of either the
burnt-on sand and shall be reasonably smooth. Runners, risers,
testbarorthecastingsofTypesD-2andD-2Cwillnotattractasmallsteel
fins,andotheruselesscast-onpiecesshallberemoved.Inother
horseshoe-type magnet which is normally attracted to steel (Alnico
respects, the castings shall conform to whatever points may be
magnet should not be used). Types D-3, D-3A, D-5, and D-5B are
specifically agreed upon between the manufacturer and the
attracted, and types D-2B and D-4 may be slightly attracted. This
nonmagnetic test is a convenient qualitative test only for Types D-2 and purchaser.
D-2C and shall not be used as a basis for acceptance.
9. Test Bars
6. Chemical Requirements
9.1 The standard test bars shall be the 1-in. (25.4-mm) “Y”
6.1 Many combinations of alloys can be used to obtain an
block and 1-in. (25.4-mm) keel block as shown in Fig. 1 and
austenitic ductile iron. This specification includes nine general
Fig. 2, respectively. A modified keel block cast from the mold
types defined by the composition limits in Table 1.
showninFig.3maybesubstitutedforthe1-in.(25.4-mm)“Y”
6.2 Samples taken from test coupons, broken test
block or the 1-in. keel block.
specimens, or castings shall conform to the requirements as to
chemical composition prescribed in Table 1. Sampling shall be
9.2 Whenever the section size of the castings is consider-
conducted in accordance with Practice E59 and chemical
ably less or greater than 1 in. (25.4 mm) and by agreement
analyses in accordance with Test Methods E351 and E30. Test
between the purchaser and the manufacturer, the ⁄2-in. (12.7-
Methods E30 should only be used for analyzing those elements
mm) or 3-in. (76.2-mm) “Y” blocks shown in Fig. 1 may be
forwhichspecificcoverageisnotprovidedforinTestMethods
used.
E351.
9.3 The test bars shall be cast in open molds made of a
6.3 Spectrometric techniques may also be used for analysis,
suitable core sand with a minimum of 1 ⁄2 in. (38.1 mm) of
but should a dispute arise concerning chemical composition,
sand on all sides and bottom of the ⁄2 and 1-in. (12.7 and
Test Methods E351 and E30 shall be used for referee methods.
25.4-mm) test bars and 3 in. (76.2 mm) of sand for the 3-in.
6.4 The chemical analysis for total carbon shall be made on
(76.2-mm) test bar.
either chilled cast pencil-type specimens or thin wafers ap-
9.4 Wheninvestmentcastingsaremadetothisspecification,
proximately ⁄32 in. (0.8 mm) thick cut from test coupons.
the manufacturer may use test specimens cast to size incorpo-
Drillings shall not be used because of attendant loss of
rated in the mold with the castings, or separately cast to size
graphite.
using the same type of mold and the same thermal conditions
7. Mechanical Requirements that are used to produce the castings. These
...
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