ASTM A439-83(2004)

Standard Specification for Austenitic Ductile Iron Castings

ABSTRACT
This specification covers austenitic ductile iron castings used for their resistance to heat, corrosion and wear. The castings shall be melt processed using cupolas, air furnaces, electric furnaces or crucible furnaces. The iron castings shall undergo magnetic permeability test. Samples taken from test coupons, broken test specimens, or castings shall conform to the required chemical compositions of carbon, silicon, manganese, phosphorus, nickel and chromium. Mechanical tests shall be performed wherein the iron casting specimens shall conform to the required values of tensile strength, yield strength, elongation and Brinell hardness.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers austenitic ductile iron castings, which are used primarily for their resistance to heat, corrosion, and wear, and for other special purposes.
1.2 Austenitic ductile iron, also known as austenitic nodular iron or austenitic spheroidal iron, is characterized by having its graphite substantially in a spheroidal form and substantially free of flake graphite. It contains some carbides and sufficient alloy content to produce an austenitic structure.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Sep-2004
• ICS: 77.140.80 - Iron and steel castings
• Technical Committee: A04 - Iron Castings
• Drafting Committee: A04.02 - Malleable and Ductile Iron Castings

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM A439-83(1999) - Standard Specification for Austenitic Ductile Iron Castings
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2004
• Replaced By: ASTM A439-83(2009) - Standard Specification for Austenitic Ductile Iron Castings
• Effective Date: 01-May-2009

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: A 439 – 83 (Reapproved 2004)
Standard Specification for
Austenitic Ductile Iron Castings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 439; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3.1.3 Heat treatment required (see 4.2-4.4),
3.1.4 If repair of castings is permitted (see 4.5),
1.1 This specification covers austenitic ductile iron castings,
3.1.5 Size and number of test bars required (see 9.1-9.4 and
which are used primarily for their resistance to heat, corrosion,
10.1),
and wear, and for other special purposes.
3.1.6 Special tests, if required (see 12.1),
1.2 Austenitic ductile iron, also known as austenitic nodular
3.1.7 Certification, if required (see 14.1), and
iron or austenitic spheroidal iron, is characterized by having its
3.1.8 Different preparation for delivery requirements, if
graphite substantially in a spheroidal form and substantially
needed (see 15.1).
free of flake graphite. It contains some carbides and sufficient
alloy content to produce an austenitic structure.
4. Manufacture
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
4.1 Melting may be done in any furnaces that produce
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
castings meeting the chemical and mechanical requirements
information only.
outlined in this specification. These include cupolas, air fur-
2. Referenced Documents naces, electric furnaces, crucible furnaces, etc.
4.2 By agreement between the manufacturer and the pur-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
chaser, the castings may be stress relieved by heating to 1150
A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for MechanicalTesting
to 1200°F (621 to 650°C) for not less than 1 h nor more than
of Steel Products
2 h per inch of thickness in the thickest section. Heating and
A 732/A 732M Specification for Castings, Investment,
cooling shall be uniform and shall not be more than 400°F
Carbon and Low Alloy Steel for General Application, and
(222°C)/h for castings less than 1 in. (25.4 mm) in maximum
Cobalt Alloy for High Strength at Elevated Temperatures
thickness, nor more than 400°F (222°C) divided by the
E 8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
maximum section thickness in inches for thicker castings.
E 30 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Steel, Cast
During the cooling cycle, castings may be cooled in still air
Iron, Open-Hearth Iron, and Wrought Iron
after the temperature has dropped to 600°F (315°C).
E 59 PracticeforSamplingSteelandIronforDetermination
4.3 Whenever dimensional changes in high-temperature
of Chemical Composition
service are a problem, by agreement between the manufacturer
E 351 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Cast Iron—
and the purchaser, the castings may be stabilized by heating at
All Types
1600°F (870°C) for 1 h per inch of section, with a minimum of
3. Ordering Information
1 h. Otherwise, the austenite, which is super-saturated with
respect to carbon, may reject carbon during service and
3.1 Orders for material to this specification shall include the
produce dimensional changes.
following information:
4.4 By agreement between the manufacturer and the pur-
3.1.1 ASTM designation,
chaser, castings with chilled edges or excessive carbides may
3.1.2 Type of austenitic ductile iron required (see 6.1),
be annealed at 1750 to 1900°F (955 to 1040°C) for ⁄2to5h
followed by uniform cooling, preferably in still air.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A04 on Iron
4.5 Repairbywelding,plugging,orotherapprovedmethods
Castings and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA04.02 on Malleable and
may be done only with written permission from the purchaser.
Ductile Iron Castings.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2004. Published October 2004. Originally
5. Magnetic Properties
approved in 1960. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as A 439 - 83 (1999).
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5.1 In the event that nonmagnetic castings are specified, the
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
magnetic permeability test shall be used. The maximum
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
magnetic permeability value shall be agreed upon between the
the ASTM website.
Withdrawn. manufacturer and the purchaser.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
A 439 – 83 (2004)
NOTE 1—Aconvenient shop test for differentiating the various types of
burnt-on sand and shall be reasonably smooth. Runners, risers,
austenitic ductile iron is based on the fact that a ground face of either the
fins,andotheruselesscast-onpiecesshallberemoved.Inother
testbarorthecastingsofTypesD-2andD-2Cwillnotattractasmallsteel
respects, the castings shall conform to whatever points may be
horseshoe-type magnet which is normally attracted to steel (Alnico
specifically agreed upon between the manufacturer and the
magnet should not be used). Types D-3, D-3A, D-5, and D-5B are
purchaser.
attracted, and types D-2B and D-4 may be slightly attracted. This
nonmagnetic test is a convenient qualitative test only for Types D-2 and
D-2C and shall not be used as a basis for acceptance.
9. Test Bars
9.1 The standard test bars shall be the 1-in. (25.4-mm) “Y”
6. Chemical Requirements
block and 1-in. (25.4-mm) keel block as shown in Fig. 1 and
6.1 Many combinations of alloys can be used to obtain an
Fig. 2, respectively. A modified keel block cast from the mold
austenitic ductile iron. This specification includes nine general
showninFig.3maybesubstitutedforthe1-in.(25.4-mm)“Y”
types defined by the composition limits in Table 1.
block or the 1-in. keel block.
6.2 Samples taken from test coupons, broken test speci-
9.2 Whenever the section size of the castings is consider-
mens, or castings shall conform to the requirements as to
ably less or greater than 1 in. (25.4 mm) and by agreement
chemical composition prescribed in Table 1. Sampling shall be
between the purchaser and the manufacturer, the ⁄2-in. (12.7-
conducted in accordance with Practice E 59 and chemical
mm) or 3-in. (76.2-mm) “Y” blocks shown in Fig. 1 may be
analysesinaccordancewithTestMethodsE 351andE 30.Test
used.
Methods E 30 should only be used for analyzing those ele-
9.3 The test bars shall be cast in open molds made of a
ments for which specific coverage is not provided for in Test
suitable core sand with a minimum of 1 ⁄2 in. (38.1 mm) of
Methods E 351.
sand on all sides and bottom of the ⁄2 and 1-in. (12.7 and
6.3 Spectrometric techniques may also be used for analysis,
25.4-mm) test bars and 3 in. (76.2 mm) of sand for the 3-in.
but should a dispute arise concerning chemical composition,
(76.2-mm) test bar.
Test Methods E 351 and E 30 shall be used for referee
9.4 Wheninvestmentcastingsaremadetothisspecification,
methods.
the manufacturer may use test specimens cast to size incorpo-
6.4 The chemical analysis for total carbon shall be made on
rated in the mold with the castings, or separately cast to size
either chilled cast pencil-type specimens or thin wafers ap-
using the same type of mold and the same thermal conditions
proximately ⁄32 in. (0.8 mm) thick cut from test coupons.
that are used to produce the castings. These test specimens
Drillings shall not be used because of attendant loss of
shall be made to the dimensions shown in Fig. 1 of Specifica-
graphite.
tion A 732/A 732M or Fig. 4 and Fig. 3 of Test Methods and
Definitions A 370.
7. Mechanical Requirements
9.5 It is recommended that test bars be poured immediately
7.1 Testspecimensofausteniticductileironmadeaccording
after the castings and from the same ladle of metal. Test bars
to this specification shall meet the te
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