ASTM D3420-95(2002)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Pendulum Impact Resistance of Plastic Film
Standard Test Method for Pendulum Impact Resistance of Plastic Film
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Like other techniques to measure toughness, this test method provides a means to determine parameters of a material at strain rates closer to some end-use applications than provided by low-speed uniaxial tensile tests. Dynamic tensile behavior of a film is important, particularly when the film is used as a packaging material. The same uncertainties about correlations with thickness that apply to other impact tests also apply to this test (see section 3.4 of Test Methods D 1709). Hence, no provision for rationalizing to unit thickness is provided. Also, no provision is made for testing at non-ambient temperatures.
This test method includes two procedures, similar except with regard to sample size: Procedure A for 60-mm diameter and Procedure B for 89-mm diameter (commonly called the “Spencer”). The data have not been shown relatable to each other.
Several impact test methods are used for film. It is sometimes desirable to know the relationships among test results derived by different methods. A study was conducted in which four films made from two resins (polypropylene and linear low-density polyethylene), with two film thicknesses for each resin, were impacted using Test Methods D 1709 (Method A), Test Method D 3420 (Procedures A and B), and Test Method D 4272. The test results are shown in Appendix X2. Differences in results between Test Methods D 1709 and D 4272 may be expected since Test Methods D 1709 represents failure initiated energy while Test Method D 4272 is initiation plus completion energy. Some films may show consistency when the initiation energy is the same as the total energy. This statement and the test data also appear in the significance and appendixes sections of Test Methods of D 1709 and D 4272.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of resistance of film to impact-puncture penetration. Knowledge of how the impact energy is absorbed by the specimen while it is deforming under the impact loading, and the behavior of the specimen after yielding, is not provided by this test. No provision is made for nonambient temperatures in this test method.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statements are given in Section 7.
Note 1—lThere is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation:D3420–95 (Reapproved 2002)
Standard Test Method for
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Pendulum Impact Resistance of Plastic Film
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3420; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
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Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.1 This test method covers the determination of resistance
of film to impact-puncture penetration. Knowledge of how the
3. Terminology
impact energy is absorbed by the specimen while it is deform-
3.1 Definitions—Definitions of terms relating to plastics not
ing under the impact loading, and the behavior of the specimen
otherwise described in this test method shall be in accordance
afteryielding,isnotprovidedbythistest.Noprovisionismade
with Terminology D 883.
for nonambient temperatures in this test method.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.2.1 failure completion energy—the energy necessary to
standard.
initiate failure plus the energy necessary to cause complete
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
rupture to the test specimen.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2.2 failure initiated energy—the energy necessary to be-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
gin failure of the test specimen.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2.3 pendulum impact resistance—the resistance to failure
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards
of plastic film is measured by loss in mechanical work capacity
statements are given in Section 7.
due to the expenditure of kinetic energy by a pendulum.
NOTE 1—There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.
4. Summary of Test Method
2. Referenced Documents
4.1 The energy necessary to burst and penetrate the center
2.1 ASTM Standards:
of a specimen, mounted between two plates with a circular
D 374 Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insu-
aperture, is measured by the loss in mechanical work-capacity
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lation
due to the expenditure of kinetic energy by a pendulum, the
D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics and Electrical
rounded probe of which passes through the test specimen.
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Insulating Materials for Testing
Corrections for “toss factor” or kinetic energy imparted to the
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D 883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
puncture fragment of the test specimen are not made, as only
D 1709 Test Methods for Impact Resistance of Plastic Film
tiny masses are involved. The pendulum head hits the speci-
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by the Free-Falling Dart Method
men with a maximum velocity of about 74 m/min and a
D 1922 Test Method for Propagation Tear Resistance of
maximum energy of about 5 J (50 cm·kgf).
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Plastic Film and Thin Sheeting by Pendulum Method
D 4272 Test Method for Total Energy Impact of Plastic 5. Significance and Use
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Films by Dart Drop
5.1 Like other techniques to measure toughness, this test
E 177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
methodprovidesameanstodetermineparametersofamaterial
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ASTM Test Methods
at strain rates closer to some end-use applications than pro-
vided by low-speed uniaxial tensile tests. Dynamic tensile
1 behavior of a film is important, particularly when the film is
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics
used as a packaging material. The same uncertainties about
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.19 on Film and Sheeting.
Current edition approved June 15, 1995. Published August 1995. Originally
correlations with thickness that apply to other impact tests also
published as D 3420 – 75. Last previous edition D 3420 – 94.
apply to this test (see section 3.4 of Test Methods D 1709).
The current edition includes the addition of Note 1 and Section 15, Keywords.
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Hence, no provision for rationalizing to unit thickness is
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 10.01.
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Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01. provided.Also,noprovisionismadefortestingatnon-ambient
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Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.02.
temperatures.
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Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
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D3420–95 (2002)
5.2 This test method includes two procedures, similar ex-
gf J (cm·kgf)
200 0.169 (1.7)
cept with regard to sample size: Procedure A for 60-mm
400 0.338 (3.4)
diameter and Procedure B for 89-mm diameter (commonly
800 0.675 (6.8)
called the “Spence
...
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