ASTM D7095-23

Standard Test Method for Rapid Determination of Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products Using a Disposable Copper Foil Strip

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Crude petroleum contains sulfur compounds, most of which are removed during refining. However, of the sulfur compounds remaining in the petroleum product, some can have a corroding action on various metals, including copper, and this corrosivity is not necessarily related to the total sulfur content. The effect can vary according to the chemical types of sulfur compounds present. This copper foil strip corrosion test is designed to assess the relative degree of corrosivity of a petroleum product towards copper and copper-containing alloys using a shorter test duration than that specified in Test Method D130.  
4.2 Some sulfur species may become corrosive to copper only at higher temperatures. Thus, higher test temperatures, particularly 100 °C (212 °F), may be used to test some products by the pressure vessel procedure.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the corrosiveness to copper of aviation gasoline, aviation turbine fuel, automotive gasoline, natural gasoline, or other hydrocarbons having a vapor pressure no greater than 124 kPa (18 psi), cleaners (for example, Stoddard solvent), kerosine, diesel fuel, distillate fuel oil, lubricating oil, and other petroleum products.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.2.1 Exception—The values in parentheses are provided for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 6.1, 10.1.1, and Annex A2.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Sep-2023
• ICS: 77.060 - Corrosion of metals
• ICS: 77.120.30 - Copper and copper alloys
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.05 - Properties of Fuels, Petroleum Coke and Carbon Material

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D7095-17 - Standard Test Method for Rapid Determination of Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products Using a Disposable Copper Foil Strip
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2023
• Refers: ASTM D1655-24 - Standard Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels
• Effective Date: 15-Mar-2024
• Refers: ASTM D975-23a - Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2023
• Refers: ASTM D1655-23a - Standard Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2023
• Refers: ASTM D975-23 - Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel
• Effective Date: 15-Aug-2023
• Refers: ASTM D1655-23 - Standard Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2023
• Referred By: ASTM D6074-15(2022) - Standard Guide for Characterizing Hydrocarbon Lubricant Base Oils
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2023

Overview

ASTM D7095-23: Standard Test Method for Rapid Determination of Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products Using a Disposable Copper Foil Strip provides an efficient and reliable method for assessing the corrosiveness of a wide range of petroleum products towards copper and copper-containing alloys. This standard is critical for refiners, fuel producers, and quality control laboratories, enabling rapid determination of potential corrosion issues in fuels and lubricants. The method is particularly valuable as it shortens the analysis time compared to the traditional copper strip corrosion test (ASTM D130), utilizing a disposable copper foil strip and tailored procedures for different product types and vapor pressures.

Key Topics

• Significance of Corrosiveness Testing: Petroleum products can contain residual sulfur compounds even after refining, which may cause corrosion of copper and similar metals. This corrosivity is not always related to total sulfur content, but rather to specific sulfur species present.
• Applicable Sample Types: The method is suitable for aviation gasoline, aviation turbine fuel, automotive gasoline, natural gasoline, kerosene, diesel fuel, distillate fuel oil, lubricating oil, cleaners like Stoddard solvent, and other hydrocarbons with vapor pressures ≤ 124 kPa (18 psi).
• Test Principle: A polished disposable copper foil strip is immersed in a sample and subjected to controlled temperature for a specified period (typically 45 minutes). The degree of tarnish or corrosion is assessed visually against standardized color plaques.
• Comparison with ASTM D130: ASTM D7095-23 offers a significantly shorter test time and uses a disposable copper strip and alternative polishing technique, improving test safety and productivity.
• Corrosion Classification: Results are classified using the ASTM Copper Strip Corrosion Standard - ranging from "Freshly polished" to "Dark tarnish" or "Corrosion", which provides a clear, reproducible metric for sample evaluation.
• Safety Precautions: The standard emphasizes the importance of safety, health, and environmental practices, especially when handling volatile or flammable petroleum samples.

Applications

ASTM D7095-23 is designed for use throughout the petroleum refining, distribution, and end-use sectors:

• Quality Control Laboratories: Enables rapid screening of fuels, lubricants, and solvents for copper-corrosive potential prior to market release.
• Product Development: Supports formulation adjustments to minimize corrosive tendencies in new petroleum products.
• Refineries and Fuel Terminals: Ensures that distributed fuels comply with regulatory and industry specifications for copper corrosion.
• Aviation and Automotive Sectors: Vital for confirming that fuels meet stringent requirements for copper strip corrosion, crucial for safe engine and equipment operation.
• Environmental and Regulatory Compliance: Required for documentation in fuel certification and for meeting global standards.

Related Standards

Several ASTM standards complement or are referenced in ASTM D7095-23:

• ASTM D130: Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip Test.
• ASTM D396 & D975: Specifications for Fuel Oils and Diesel Fuel.
• ASTM D1655 & D6615: Specifications for Aviation Turbine Fuel varieties.
• ASTM D1838: Copper Strip Corrosion by Liquefied Petroleum Gases.
• ASTM B152/B152M: Specification for Copper Sheet, Strip, Plate, and Rolled Bar (material specification for copper strips).
• ASTM D4057 & D4177: Practices for Manual and Automatic Sampling of Petroleum Products.

By adhering to ASTM D7095-23, professionals can ensure efficient, standardized copper corrosion testing, enhance product safety, and maintain compliance across international petroleum markets. This standard plays a crucial role in protecting fuel systems and infrastructure from the damaging effects of copper corrosion.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D7095 − 23
Standard Test Method for
Rapid Determination of Corrosiveness to Copper from
Petroleum Products Using a Disposable Copper Foil Strip
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7095; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This test method is similar in nature to the Test Method D130 test method, but involves three major
differences. Firstly, a single-use copper foil strip is used in place of the Test Method D130 multi-use
copper strip. Secondly, a different polishing technique is used in preparing the copper foil strip, which
uses a commercially available scouring-pad in place of the initial and final polishing techniques
described in Test Method D130. Thirdly, this test method involves a shorter analysis time of 45 min
for all product types as compared to the Test Method D130 method requirements, which are longer;
for example, two or three hours.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the corro- 2.1 ASTM Standards:
siveness to copper of aviation gasoline, aviation turbine fuel, B152/B152M Specification for Copper Sheet, Strip, Plate,
automotive gasoline, natural gasoline, or other hydrocarbons and Rolled Bar
having a vapor pressure no greater than 124 kPa (18 psi), D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petro-
cleaners (for example, Stoddard solvent), kerosine, diesel fuel, leum Products by Copper Strip Test
distillate fuel oil, lubricating oil, and other petroleum products. D396 Specification for Fuel Oils
D975 Specification for Diesel Fuel
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
D1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels
standard.
D1838 Test Method for Copper Strip Corrosion by Liquefied
1.2.1 Exception—The values in parentheses are provided for
Petroleum (LP) Gases
information only.
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Petroleum Products
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Petroleum Products
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
D6615 Specification for Jet B Wide-Cut Aviation Turbine
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Fuel
For specific warning statements, see 6.1, 10.1.1, and Annex
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
A2.
E2251 Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermom-
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
eters with Low-Hazard Precision Liquids
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
ASTM Copper Strip Corrosion Standard
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of the ASTM website.
Subcommittee D02.05 on Properties of Fuels, Petroleum Coke and Carbon Material. Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Request Adjunct No.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2023. Published October 2023. Originally ADJD0130. Names of suppliers in the United Kingdom can be obtained from
approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D7095 – 17. DOI: Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, WIM 8AR, United Kingdom. One
10.1520/D7095-23. Master Standard is held at Energy Institute for reference.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D7095 − 23
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 A polished copper foil strip is immersed in a specific
volume of the sample being tested and heated under conditions
of temperature and time that are specific to the class of material
being tested. At the end of the heating period, the copper foil
strip is removed, washed, and the color and tarnish level
assessed against the ASTM Copper Strip Corrosion Standard.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Crude petroleum contains sulfur compounds, most of
which are removed during refining. However, of the sulfur
compounds remaining in the petroleum product, some can have
a corroding action on various metals, including copper, and this
corrosivity is not necessarily related to the total sulfur content.
The effect can vary according to the chemical types of sulfur
compounds present. This copper foil strip corrosion test is
designed to assess the relative degree of corrosivity of a
petroleum product towards copper and copper-containing al-
loys using a shorter test duration than that specified in Test
Method D130.
4.2 Some sulfur species may become corrosive to copper
only at higher temperatures. Thus, higher test temperatures,
particularly 100 °C (212 °F), may be used to test some prod-
ucts by the pressure vessel procedure.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Copper Foil Strip Corrosion Test Pressure Vessel, con-
structed from stainless steel according to the dimensions given
in Fig. 1. The vessel shall be capable of withstanding a test
pressure of 700 kPa gauge (100 psi). Alternative designs for
the vessel’s cap and synthetic rubber gasket may be used
provided that the internal dimensions of the vessel are the same
as those shown in Fig. 1. The internal dimensions of the
pressure vessel are such that a nominal 25 mm by 150 mm
(1 in. by 6 in.) test tube can be placed inside the pressure
vessel.
5.2 Test Tubes, of borosilicate glass with nominal dimen-
sions of 25 mm by 150 mm (1 in. by 6 in.). The internal
dimensions shall be checked as acceptable by use of a copper
foil strip (see 6.3). When 30 mL of liquid is added to the test
tube with the copper foil strip in it, a minimum of 5 mm of
liquid shall be above the top surface of the copper foil strip.
NOTE 1—Material: stainless steel; welded construction; maximum test
gauge pressure: 700 kPa
5.3 Test Baths:
NOTE 2—Key:
5.3.1 General—All test baths, whether liquid or solid block,
1 Lifting eye
shall be capable of maintaining the test temperature to within
2 Wide groove for pressure relief
61 °C (2 °F) of the required test temperature, for the entire
3 Knurled cap
duration of the test.
4 Twelve threads per inch NF thread or equivalent
5 Camber inside cap to protect “O” ring when closing pressure vessel
5.3.2 Bath(s) Used for Submerging Pressure Vessel(s)—
6 Synthetic rubber “O” ring without free sulfur
Bath(s) shall be deep enough to submerge one or more pressure
7 Seamless tube
vessels (see 5.1) completely during the test. It shall be fitted
NOTE 3—Dimensions in millimetres.
with suitable supports to hold each pressure vessel in a vertical
NOTE 4—All dimensions without tolerance limits are nominal values.
position when submerged.
FIG. 1 Pressure Vessel for the Copper Foil Strip Corrosion Test
5.3.3 Bath(s) Used for Test Tubes—Bath(s) shall be fitted
with suitable supports to hold each test tube (see 5.2) in a
vertical position to a depth of about 100 mm (4 in.) as satisfactory and controllable at the specified test temperature
measured from the bottom of the test tube to the bath surface. and duration required by the test procedure. Solid block baths
As a liquid bath medium, water and oil have been found shall meet the test temperature control, test duration, and
D7095 − 23
that the dimensions of the scouring-pads are about 114 mm by 38 mm by
immersion conditions required by the test procedure, and shall
1 1 3
9.5 mm (4 ⁄2 in. by 1 ⁄2 in. by ⁄8 in.).
be checked for temperature measurement (heat transfer) for
each product class by running tests on tubes filled with 30 mL 6.3 Copper Foil Strips—Use copper foil strips approxi-
of product plus a copper foil strip of the given nominal mately 12.5 mm ( ⁄2 in.) wide, and 0.526 mm to 0.541 mm
dimensions, plus a temperature sensor. (0.0207 in. to 0.0213 in.) thick. Cut, straight and smooth, using
a sharp tin-snip or any other metal-cutting device approxi-
5.4 Temperature Sensing and Monitoring Device (TSMD),
mately 75 mm (3 in.) long strips, from a 30.5 m (100 ft) roll of
capable of sensing and monitoring the desired test temperature
soft-temper, commercial grade Alloy 110, composed of 99.9 %
in the bath to within an accuracy of 61 °C (2 °F) or better. The
6,5
copper, meeting Specification B152/B152M specifications.
ASTM 12C (12F) (see Specification E1) or ASTM E2251 (see
Discard copper foil strip after each single use.
Specification E1) or IP64C (64F) total immersion thermometer
has been found suitable for use in the test. If used, no more than 6.4 Ashless Filter Paper or Disposable Gloves or Forceps
10 mm (0.4 in.) of the mercury should extend above the surface (with either Stainless Steel or Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE))
of the bath at the test temperature. Tips, for use in protecting the copper foil strip from coming in
contact with the individual during handling or polishing, or
5.5 Timing Device, electronic or manual, capable of accu-
both.
rately measuring the test duration within the allowable toler-
ance.
7. Corrosion Standards
5.6 Forceps, with either stainless steel or polytetrafluoro-
7.1 ASTM Copper Strip Corrosion Standards consist of
ethylene (PTFE) tips, have been found suitable for use in
reproductions in color of typical test strips representing in-
handling the copper foil strips.
creasing degrees of tarnish and corrosion, the reproductions
5.7 Optional Equipment:
being encased for protection in plastic and made up in the form
5.7.1 Polishing Vise, for holding the copper foil strip firmly
of a plaque.
without marring the edges while polishing. Any convenient
7.1.1 Keep the plastic-encased ASTM Copper Strip Corro-
type of holder (see X1.2) may be used, provided that the copper
sion Standards protected from light to avoid the possibility of
foil strip is held tightly and that the surface of the copper foil
fading. Inspect for fading by comparing two different plaques,
strip being polished is supported above the surface of the
one of which has been carefully protected from light (for
holder.
example, new plaque). Observe both sets in diffused daylight
5.7.2 Viewing Tubes, flat glass test tubes, are convenient for
(or equivalent) first from a point directly above and then from
protecting corroded copper foil strips for close inspection or
an angle of 45°. If any evidence of fading is observed,
storage (see X1.1 for the description of a flat-glass viewing
particularly at the left-hand end of the plaque, it is suggested
tube). The viewing tube shall be of such dimensions as to allow
that the one that is the more faded with respect to the other be
the introduction of a copper foil strip (see 6.3) and made of
discarded.
glass free of striae or similar defects.
7.1.1.1 Alternatively, place a suitably sized opaque strip (for
example, 20 mm ( ⁄4 in.) black electrical tape) across the top of
6. Reagents and Materials
the colored portion of the plaque when initially purchased. At
6.1 Wash Solvent—Any volatile, less than 5 mg ⁄kg sulfur
intervals remove the opaque strip and observe. When there is
hydrocarbon solvent may be used, provided that it shows no
any evidence of fading of the exposed portion, the standards
tarnish at all when tested for 3 h at 50 °C (122 °F). 2,2,4-
shall be replaced.
trimethylpentane (isooctane) of minimum 99.75 % purity is the
7.1.1.2 These plaques are full-color reproductions of typical
referee solvent and should be used in case of dispute.
strips. They have been printed on aluminum sheets by a
(Warning—Extremely flammable; see A2.1).
four-color process and are encased in plastic for protection.
Directions for their use are given on the reverse side of each
6.2 Surface Preparation/Polishing Materials—Scouring-
plaque.
pad made of polyester material that is free of detergents or
7.1.2 If the surface of the plastic cover shows excessive
spongy material, containing aluminum oxide as a scouring-aid.
4,5
scratching, it is suggested that the plaque be replaced.
3M Scotch Brite 86 (3M No. 05509), approximately
400 grit, green-colored, heavy-duty, hand-pad, has been found
8. Samples
suitable for use. Other commercially available 400 grit pads
may be used, provided those are also made of polyester
8.1 In accordance with Practice D4057 or Practice D4177,
material, free of detergents or spongy material, containing
or both, it is particularly important that all types of fuel
aluminum oxide as a scouring-aid.
samples that pass a low-tarnish strip classification, be collected
NOTE 1—3M Scotch Brite 86 pads are generally available in the form
in clean, dark glass bottles, plastic bottles, or other suitable
of 229 mm by 152 mm by 9.5 mm (9 in. by 6 in. by ⁄8 in.) thick pads. For
containers that will not affect the corrosive properties of the
ease of handling and polishing, it is recommended that the pads be cut so
fuel. Avoid the use of tin-plate containers for collection of
The sole source of supply of the apparatus, Cat. No. 19-047-249, known to the
committee at this time is Fisher Scientific Co., USA (www.fishersci.com).
5 6
If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to The sole source of supply of the apparatus, Part No. 9053K21, known to the
ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consider- committee at this time is McMaster-Carr Supply Company, P.O. Box 4355, Chicago,
ation at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend. IL 60680-4355, USA.
D7095 − 23
samples, since experience has shown that they can contribute recorded as part of the result (see 12.1). (Warning—Some
to the corrosiveness of the sample. products, particularly natural gasoline, may have a much
higher vapor pressure than would normally be characteristic of
8.2 Fill the containers as completely as possible and close
automotive or aviation gasolines. For this reason, extreme
them immediately after taking the sample. Adequate headspace
caution must be exercised to ensure that the pressure vessel
in the container is necessary to provide room for possible
used in this test method and containing natural gasoline or
thermal expansion during transport. It is recommended that
other products of high vapor pressure, is not placed in the
volatile samples be filled between 70 % and 80 % of the
100 °C (212 °F) bath. Samples having vapor pressures in
container’s capacity. Exercise care during sampling to protect
excess of 124 kPa (18 psi) may develop sufficient pressures at
the samples from exposure to direct sunlight or even diffused
100 °C (212 °F) to rupture the pressure vessel. For any sample
daylight. Carry out the test as soon as possible after receipt in
having a vapor pressure above 124 kPa (18 psi), use Test
the laboratory and immediately after opening the container.
Method D1838.)
8.3 If suspended water (that is, haze) is observed in the
10.2 Pressure Vessel Procedure (PVP)—For use with avia-
sample, dry by filtering a sufficient volume of sample through
tion gasoline, aviation turbine fuel, samples with initial boiling
a medium rapid qualitative filter, into the prescribed clean, dry
points (IBP) at or below test temperature, and highly volatile
test tube. Carry out this operation in a darkened room or under
samples, such as those with vapor pressures >80 kPa at 37.8 °C
a light-protected shield.
(100 °F) (see 10.3.1.2).
8.3.1 Contact of
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7095 − 17 D7095 − 23
Standard Test Method for
Rapid Determination of Corrosiveness to Copper from
Petroleum Products Using a Disposable Copper Foil Strip
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7095; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This test method is similar in nature to the Test Method D130 test method, but involves three major
differences. Firstly, a single-use copper foil strip is used in place of the Test Method D130 multi-use
copper strip. Secondly, a different polishing technique is used in preparing the copper foil strip, which
uses a commercially available scouring-pad in place of the initial and final polishing techniques
described in Test Method D130. Thirdly, this test method involves a shorter analysis time of 45 min
for all product types as compared to the Test Method D130 method requirements, which are longer;
for example, two or three hours.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the corrosiveness to copper of aviation gasoline, aviation turbine fuel, automotive
gasoline, natural gasoline, or other hydrocarbons having a vapor pressure no greater than 124 kPa (18 psi), cleaners (for example,
Stoddard solvent), kerosine, diesel fuel, distillate fuel oil, lubricating oil, and other petroleum products.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.2.1 Exception—The values in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 6.1, 10.1.1, and Annex A2.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B152/B152M Specification for Copper Sheet, Strip, Plate, and Rolled Bar
D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip Test
D396 Specification for Fuel Oils
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.05 on Properties of Fuels, Petroleum Coke and Carbon Material.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2017Oct. 1, 2023. Published October 2017October 2023. Originally approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 20142017 as
D7095 – 04 (2014).D7095 – 17. DOI: 10.1520/D7095-17.10.1520/D7095-23.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D7095 − 23
D975 Specification for Diesel Fuel
D1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels
D1838 Test Method for Copper Strip Corrosion by Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D6615 Specification for Jet B Wide-Cut Aviation Turbine Fuel
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
E2251 Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermometers with Low-Hazard Precision Liquids
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
ASTM Copper Strip Corrosion Standard
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 A polished copper foil strip is immersed in a specific volume of the sample being tested and heated under conditions of
temperature and time that are specific to the class of material being tested. At the end of the heating period, the copper foil strip
is removed, washed, and the color and tarnish level assessed against the ASTM Copper Strip Corrosion StandardStandard.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Crude petroleum contains sulfur compounds, most of which are removed during refining. However, of the sulfur compounds
remaining in the petroleum product, some can have a corroding action on various metals, including copper, and this corrosivity
is not necessarily related to the total sulfur content. The effect can vary according to the chemical types of sulfur compounds
present. This copper foil strip corrosion test is designed to assess the relative degree of corrosivity of a petroleum product towards
copper and copper-containing alloys using a shorter test duration than that specified in Test Method D130.
4.2 Some sulfur species may become corrosive to copper only at higher temperatures. Thus, higher test temperatures, particularly
100 °C (212 °F), may be used to test some products by the pressure vessel procedure.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Copper Foil Strip Corrosion Test Pressure Vessel, constructed from stainless steel according to the dimensions given in Fig.
1. The vessel shall be capable of withstanding a test pressure of 700 kPa gauge (100 psi). Alternative designs for the vessel’s cap
and synthetic rubber gasket may be used provided that the internal dimensions of the vessel are the same as those shown in Fig.
1. The internal dimensions of the pressure vessel are such that a nominal 25 mm by 150 mm (1 in. by 6 in.) test tube can be placed
inside the pressure vessel.
5.2 Test Tubes, of borosilicate glass with nominal dimensions of 25 mm by 150 mm (1 in. by 6 in.). The internal dimensions shall
be checked as acceptable by use of a copper foil strip (see 6.3). When 30 mL of liquid is added to the test tube with the copper
foil strip in it, a minimum of 5 mm of liquid shall be above the top surface of the copper foil strip.
5.3 Test Baths:
5.3.1 General—All test baths, whether liquid or solid block, shall be capable of maintaining the test temperature to within 61 °C
(2 °F) of the required test temperature, for the entire duration of the test.
5.3.2 Bath(s) Used for Submerging Pressure Vessel(s)—Bath(s) shall be deep enough to submerge one or more pressure vessels
(see 5.1) completely during the test. It shall be fitted with suitable supports to hold each pressure vessel in a vertical position when
submerged.
5.3.3 Bath(s) Used for Test Tubes—Bath(s) shall be fitted with suitable supports to hold each test tube (see 5.2) in a vertical
position to a depth of about 100 mm (4 in.) as measured from the bottom of the test tube to the bath surface. As a liquid bath
medium, water and oil have been found satisfactory and controllable at the specified test temperature and duration required by the
test procedure. Solid block baths shall meet the test temperature control, test duration, and immersion conditions required by the
Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Request Adjunct No. ADJD0130. Names of suppliers in the United Kingdom can be obtained from Energy Institute,
61 New Cavendish St., London, WIM 8AR, United Kingdom. One Master Standard is held at Energy Institute for reference.
D7095 − 23
NOTE 1—Material: stainless steel; welded construction; maximum test gauge pressure: 700 kPa
NOTE 2—Key:
1 Lifting eye
2 Wide groove for pressure relief
3 Knurled cap
4 Twelve threads per inch NF thread or equivalent
5 Camber inside cap to protect “O” ring when closing pressure vessel
6 Synthetic rubber “O” ring without free sulfur
7 Seamless tube
NOTE 3—Dimensions in millimetres.
NOTE 4—All dimensions without tolerance limits are nominal values.
FIG. 1 Pressure Vessel for the Copper Foil Strip Corrosion Test
test procedure, and shall be checked for temperature measurement (heat transfer) for each product class by running tests on tubes
filled with 30 mL of product plus a copper foil strip of the given nominal dimensions, plus a temperature sensor.
5.4 Temperature Sensing and Monitoring Device (TSMD), capable of sensing and monitoring the desired test temperature in the
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bath to within an accuracy of 61 °C (2 °F) or better. The ASTM 12C (12F) (see Specification E1) or ASTM E2251 (see
Specification E1) or IP64C (64F) total immersion thermometer has been found suitable for use in the test. If used, no more than
10 mm (0.4 in.) of the mercury should extend above the surface of the bath at the test temperature.
5.5 Timing Device, electronic or manual, capable of accurately measuring the test duration within the allowable tolerance.
5.6 Forceps, with either stainless steel or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) tips, have been found suitable for use in handling the
copper foil strips.
5.7 Optional Equipment:
5.7.1 Polishing Vise, for holding the copper foil strip firmly without marring the edges while polishing. Any convenient type of
holder (see X1.2) may be used, provided that the copper foil strip is held tightly and that the surface of the copper foil strip being
polished is supported above the surface of the holder.
5.7.2 Viewing Tubes, flat glass test tubes, are convenient for protecting corroded copper foil strips for close inspection or storage
(see X1.1 for the description of a flat-glass viewing tube). The viewing tube shall be of such dimensions as to allow the introduction
of a copper foil strip (see 6.3) and made of glass free of striae or similar defects.
6. Reagents and Materials
6.1 Wash Solvent—Any volatile, less than 5 mg ⁄kg sulfur hydrocarbon solvent may be used, provided that it shows no tarnish at
all when tested for 3 h at 50 °C (122 °F). 2,2,4-trimethylpentane (isooctane) of minimum 99.75 % purity is the referee solvent and
should be used in case of dispute. (Warning—Extremely flammable; see A2.1).
6.2 Surface Preparation/Polishing Materials—Scouring-pad made of polyester material that is free of detergents or spongy
4,5
material, containing aluminum oxide as a scouring-aid. 3M Scotch Brite 86 (3M No. 05509), approximately 400 grit,
green-colored, heavy-duty, hand-pad, has been found suitable for use. Other commercially available 400 grit pads may be used,
provided those are also made of polyester material, free of detergents or spongy material, containing aluminum oxide as a
scouring-aid.
NOTE 1—3M Scotch Brite 86 pads are generally available in the form of 229 mm by 152 mm by 9.5 mm (9 in. by 6 in. by ⁄8 in.) thick pads. For ease
of handling and polishing, it is recommended that the pads be cut so that the dimensions of the scouring-pads are about 114 mm by 38 mm by 9.5 mm
1 1 3
(4 ⁄2 in. by 1 ⁄2 in. by ⁄8 in.).
6.3 Copper Foil Strips—Use copper foil strips approximately 12.5 mm ( ⁄2 in.) wide, and 0.526 mm to 0.541 mm (0.0207 in. to
0.0213 in.) thick. Cut, straight and smooth, using a sharp tin-snip or any other metal-cutting device approximately 75 mm (3 in.)
long strips, from a 30.5 m (100 ft) roll of soft-temper, commercial grade Alloy 110, composed of 99.9 % copper, meeting
6,5
Specification B152/B152M specifications. Discard copper foil strip after each single use.
6.4 Ashless Filter Paper or Disposable Gloves or Forceps (with either Stainless Steel or Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)) Tips,
for use in protecting the copper foil strip from coming in contact with the individual during handling or polishing, or both.
7. Corrosion Standards
7.1 ASTM Copper Strip Corrosion Standards consist of reproductions in color of typical test strips representing increasing degrees
of tarnish and corrosion, the reproductions being encased for protection in plastic and made up in the form of a plaque.
7.1.1 Keep the plastic-encased ASTM Copper Strip Corrosion Standards protected from light to avoid the possibility of fading.
Inspect for fading by comparing two different plaques, one of which has been carefully protected from light (for example, new
The sole source of supply of the apparatus, Cat. No. 19-047-249, known to the committee at this time is Fisher Scientific Co., USA (www.fishersci.com).
If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a
meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend.
The sole source of supply of the apparatus, Part No. 9053K21, known to the committee at this time is McMaster-Carr Supply Company, P.O. Box 4355, Chicago, IL
60680-4355, USA.
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plaque). Observe both sets in diffused daylight (or equivalent) first from a point directly above and then from an angle of 45°. If
any evidence of fading is observed, particularly at the left-hand end of the plaque, it is suggested that the one that is the more faded
with respect to the other be discarded.
7.1.1.1 Alternatively, place a suitably sized opaque strip (for example, 20 mm ( ⁄4 in.) black electrical tape) across the top of the
colored portion of the plaque when initially purchased. At intervals remove the opaque strip and observe. When there is any
evidence of fading of the exposed portion, the standards shall be replaced.
7.1.1.2 These plaques are full-color reproductions of typical strips. They have been printed on aluminum sheets by a four-color
process and are encased in plastic for protection. Directions for their use are given on the reverse side of each plaque.
7.1.2 If the surface of the plastic cover shows excessive scratching, it is suggested that the plaque be replaced.
8. Samples
8.1 In accordance with Practice D4057 or Practice D4177, or both, it is particularly important that all types of fuel samples that
pass a low-tarnish strip classification, be collected in clean, dark glass bottles, plastic bottles, or other suitable containers that will
not affect the corrosive properties of the fuel. Avoid the use of tin-plate containers for collection of samples, since experience has
shown that they can contribute to the corrosiveness of the sample.
8.2 Fill the containers as completely as possible and close them immediately after taking the sample. Adequate headspace in the
container is necessary to provide room for possible thermal expansion during transport. It is recommended that volatile samples
be filled between 70 % and 80 % of the container’s capacity. Exercise care during sampling to protect the samples from exposure
to direct sunlight or even diffused daylight. Carry out the test as soon as possible after receipt in the laboratory and immediately
after opening the container.
8.3 If suspended water (that is, haze) is observed in the sample, dry by filtering a sufficient volume of sample through a medium
rapid qualitative filter, into the prescribed clean, dry test tube. Carry out this operation in a darkened room or under a light-protected
shield.
8.3.1 Contact of the copper foil strip with water before, during, or after completion of the test run will cause staining, making it
difficult to evaluate the copper foil strips.
9. Preparation of Test Strips
9.1 Surface Preparation—To prevent possible surface contamination during preparation, do not allow fingers to come in contact
with the copper foil strip. Wear disposable gloves or hold the strip in the fingers protected with ashless filter paper.
9.1.1 Using a new/unused portion of a small strip of the 400 grit scouring-pad (see Note 1) first polish the ends, then the sides
of the copper foil strip giving gentle, unidirectional strokes. Next, gently and unidirectionally, scour the long axis of the copper
foil strip, carrying the stroke beyond the end of the strip before reversing the direction, until both surfaces demonstrate uniform
asperities (roughness). Do not polish in a circular motion.
9.1.2 Alternatively, clamp the copper foil strip in a vise to facilitate uniform polishing.
9.1.3 Wash the copper foil strip with wash-solvent (see 6.1), until it is free from metal dust and other foreig
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