iTeh StandardsiTeh Standards
EURUSD
Your shopping cart is empty.
ASTM

ASTM D3941-90(2007)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Flash Point by the Equilibrium Method With a Closed-Cup Apparatus

Standard Test Method for Flash Point by the Equilibrium Method With a Closed-Cup Apparatus

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method, using a slow rate of heating, provides a uniform temperature throughout the specimen. The slow rate of heating is necessary because of the low thermal conductivity of some liquids such as paints, resins, and related products, and also because of the poor heat transfer by convection in high-viscosity products. Since the specimen is being heated at a reduced rate, the longer time interval between each determination is necessary to reestablish after each flash test the saturation concentration of vapor in the air space above the specimen.
Note 1—ISO 1523 is used in United Nations Recommendations for Transportation of Dangerous Goods and in the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) regulations and for similar regulations in the International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) code. Test Method D 3941, which is similar to ISO 1523, is used in the United States Department of Transportation (USDOT) regulations. The ICAO and IMDG codes are used for transshipment of hazardous materials through the United States to other countries.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the flash point of liquids in which the specimen and the air/vapor mixture above it are approximately in temperature equilibrium.
1.2 This test method is limited to a temperature range from 0 to 110°C (32 to 230°F).
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard should be used to measure and describe the properties of material, products, or assemblies in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-May-2007
ICS
87.040 - Paints and varnishes
Technical Committee
D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
Drafting Committee
D01.21 - Chemical Analysis of Paints and Paint Materials
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D3941-90(2001) - Standard Test Method for Flash Point by the Equilibrium Method With a Closed-Cup Apparatus
Effective Date
01-Jun-2007
Replaced By
ASTM D3941-14 - Standard Test Method for Flash Point by the Equilibrium Method With a Closed-Cup Apparatus
Effective Date
15-Dec-2014
Referred By
ASTM E1232-07(2019) - Standard Test Method for Temperature Limit of Flammability of Chemicals
Effective Date
01-Jun-2007
Referred By
ASTM D56-22 - Standard Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester
Effective Date
01-Jun-2007
Referred By
ASTM D93-20 - Standard Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
Effective Date
01-Jun-2007
Referred By
ASTM E502-21a - Standard Test Method for Selection and Use of ASTM Standards for the Determination of Flash Point of Chemicals by Closed Cup Methods
Effective Date
01-Jun-2007
Referred By
ASTM D3828-16a(2021) - Standard Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale Closed Cup Tester
Effective Date
01-Jun-2007
Referred By
ASTM D3934-20 - Standard Test Method for Flash/No Flash Test—Equilibrium Method by a Closed-Cup Apparatus
Effective Date
01-Jun-2007

Buy Standard

ASTM D3941-90(2007) - Standard Test Method for Flash Point by the Equilibrium Method With a Closed-Cup ApparatusASTM D3941-90(2007) - Standard Test Method for Flash Point by the Equilibrium Method With a Closed-Cup Apparatus
PreviousNext
Standard
ASTM D3941-90(2007) - Standard Test Method for Flash Point by the Equilibrium Method With a Closed-Cup Apparatus
English language
3 pages
sale 15% off
Preview
sale 15% off
Preview

Standards Content (Sample)


NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D3941 − 90 (Reapproved2007)
Standard Test Method for
Flash Point by the Equilibrium Method With a Closed-Cup
Apparatus
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3941; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
INTRODUCTION
Test Methods D56 and D93 describe procedures using the Tag Closed Tester and the Pensky-
Martens Tester, respectively. Both test methods depend on a definite rate of temperature increase to
control the precision of the test method. The rate of heating may not in all cases give the accuracy
expected because of low thermal conductivity of certain materials. To reduce this effect, ISO/TC 35,
Paints and Varnishes, and ISO/TC 28, Petroleum Products and Lubricants, have issued ISO 1523 in
which the heating rate is considerably slower. This test method is similar to ISO 1523, but uses
standard ASTM cups, style, and format. Due to the slower heating rate, the time required to make a
determination of a flash point is considerably longer than for Test Methods D56 and D93 but the
accuracy is improved.
1. Scope priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the flash
point of liquids in which the specimen and the air/vapor
2. Referenced Documents
mixture above it are approximately in temperature equilibrium.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.2 This test method is limited to a temperature range from
D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester
0 to 110°C (32 to 230°F).
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
Closed Cup Tester
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
2.2 ISO Standard:
only.
ISO 1523 Paints, varnishes, petroleum, and related
1.4 This standard should be used to measure and describe
products—Determination of flash point—Closed cup
the properties of material, products, or assemblies in response
equilibrium method
to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and
should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or 3. Terminology
fire risk of materials, products or assemblies under actual fire
3.1 Definitions:
conditions. However, results of this test may be used as
3.1.1 flash point, n—the lowest temperature corrected to a
elements of a fire risk assessment which takes into account all
pressure of 760 mm Hg (101.3 kPa) (1013 millibars) at which
of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire
application of an ignition source causes the vapor of the
hazard of a particular end use.
specimen to ignite under specified conditions of test.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4. Summary of Test Method
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.1 Aspecimen is heated in a closed cup of standard design
in a suitable liquid bath at the rate of 0.5°C (1.0°F) in not less
1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Subcommittee D01.21 on Chemical Analysis of Paints and Paint Materials. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved June 1, 2007. Published June 2007. Originally the ASTM website.
approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D3941 – 90 (2001). Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
DOI: 10.1520/D3941-90R07. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D3941 − 90 (2007)
than 1.5 min so that the difference in temperature between the 7. Reagents and Materials
specimen in the cup and bath never exceeds 2.0°C (3.5°F).
7.1 Water or Mixture of Water and Ethylene Glycol (1 + 1)
Flash determinations are made at intervals of not less than 1.5
may be used as a bath liquid.
min.
8. Preparation of Sample
5. Significance and Use
8.1 Obtain a representative sample of the product under test
5.1 This test method, using a slow rate of heating, provides
and keep in an airtight container.
a uniform temperature throughout the specimen. The slow rate
ofheatingisnecessarybecauseofthelowthermalconductivity 8.2 Because of the possibility of loss of volatile constitu-
ofsomeliquidssuchaspaints,resins,andrelatedproducts,and ents, the sample should receive only the minimum treatment to
also because of the poor heat transfer by convection in ensure uniformity. After removing the specimen, immediately
close the sample container tightly to ensure that no volatile
high-viscosity products. Since the specimen is being heated at
a reduced rate, the longer time interval between each determi- flammable components escape from the container (otherwise a
new sample may be necessary if further testing is required).
nation is necessary to reestablish after each flash test the
saturation concentration of vapor in the air space above the
8.3 Do not open containers unnecessarily. Do not make
specimen.
transfers unless the sample temperature is at least 10°C (20°F)
belowtheexpectedflashpoint,exceptformaterialsthataretoo
NOTE 1—ISO 1523 is used in United Nations Recommendations for
TransportationofDangerousGoodsandintheInternationalCivilAviation viscous to be handled at that temperature. In these cases,
Organization (ICAO) regulations and for similar regulations in the
transfer the specimens at the lowest possible temperature at
International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) code. Test Method
which the material can be accurately measured into the cup.
D3941, which is similar to ISO 1523, is used in the United States
Department of Transportation (USDOT) regulations. The ICAO and
8.4 Discard samples in leaky containers.
IMDG codes are used for transshipment of hazardous materials through
8.5 Do not store samples in plastic (polyethylene, polypro-
the United States to other countries.
pylene, etc.) bottles, since volatile material may diffuse
6. Apparatus
through the walls of the bottles.
6.1 Test Cups, equipped with their lid as specified in Test
9. Preparation of Apparatus
Methods D56 (Tag) and D93 (Pensky-Martens). Remove the
test cup assembly (including lid and specimen thermometer)
9.1 Support the cup and liquid bath on a level steady table.
from the Tag and Pensky-Martens apparatus to permit either to
Unless tests are made in a draft-free room or compartment,
be used in a separate water bath.
surround the tester on three sides by the shield for protection
6.1.1 If a stirrer is fitted to the test cup used, it shall operate
from drafts. Tests made in a laboratory draft hood or near
during the heating period but must be stopped during the
ventilators are not rel
...

Questions, Comments and Discussion

Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.

This May Also Interest You

ASTM
ASTM D7488-11(2024)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Open Time of Latex Paints

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Latex paints dry very quickly which often causes difficulty in final appearance of painted areas, especially paints formulated below 100g/L VOC where lower amounts of solvents are in the formulated latex paint. This method is a means of determining the time available before a test paint cannot be worked into a previously painted area.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure to determine the length of time a latex paint remains “wet” or “open” enough to allow for brush-in and repair.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D2091-96(2024)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Print Resistance of Lacquers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 An unsatisfactory appearance can result from pressure deformation of a film inherently too soft or containing residual solvent. This test method is primarily used to evaluate the resistance of a lacquer finish to printing under the conditions of packaging, shipping, and warehousing.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the resistance of dried lacquer films to imprinting.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D8090-24(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Particle Size Distribution of Paints and Pigments Using Dynamic Imaging Methods

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 By following this test method, the particle size, particle size distribution and particle shape of particulates in liquid paint and pigment dispersions can be measured.  
5.2 Particle size, particle size distribution and particle shape have a great effect on the color, opacity and gloss of paints. Reproducing these characteristics is critical to the quality and performance of the paint produced.  
5.3 The dynamic imaging instrument is useful during manufacturing to detect oversize particles as well as the required size distribution of particles in order to provide quality and consistency from batch to batch.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of particle size distribution of liquid paints and pigmented liquid coatings by Dynamic Image Analysis. This method includes the reporting of particles ≥1 µm in size and up to 300 µm in size.
Note 1: Shape is used to classify particles, droplets and bubbles and is not a reporting requirement.
Note 2: The term paint(s) as used in this document includes liquid paint and liquid pigmented coatings.  
1.1.1 Some paints may be too viscous to flow through the imaging instrument without dilution which may be used to help the paint flow as long as significant contamination is not introduced into the paint.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D2369-24(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Volatile Content of Coatings

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is the procedure of choice for determining volatiles in coatings for the purpose of calculating the volatile organic content in coatings under specified test conditions. The weight percent solids content (nonvolatile matter) may be determined by difference. This information is useful to the paint producer and user and to environmental interests for determining the volatiles emitted by coatings.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for the determination of the weight percent volatile content of solventborne and waterborne coatings. Test specimens are heated at 110 °C ± 5 °C for 60 min.  
Note 1: The coatings used in these round-robin studies represented air-dried, air-dried oxidizing, heat-cured baking systems, and also included multicomponent paint systems.  
1.2 Sixty minutes at 110 °C ± 5 °C is a general purpose test method based on the precision obtained with both solventborne and waterborne coatings (see Section 9).  
1.3 This test method is viable for coatings wherein one or more parts may, at ambient conditions, contain liquid coreactants that are volatile until a chemical reaction has occurred with another component of the multi-package system.  
Note 2: Committee D01 has run round-robin studies on volatiles of multicomponent paint systems. The only change in procedure is to premix the weighed components in the correct proportions and allow the specimens to stand at room temperature for 1 h prior to placing them into the oven.  
1.4 Test Method D5095 for Determination of the Nonvolatile Content in Silanes, Siloxanes and Silane-Siloxane Blends Used in Masonry Water Repellent Treatments is the standard method for nonvolatile content of these types of materials.  
1.5 Test Methods D5403 for Volatile Content of Radiation Curable Materials is the standard method for determining nonvolatile content of radiation curable coatings, inks and adhesives.  
1.6 Test Method D6419 for Volatile Content of Sheet-Fed and Coldset Web Offset Printing Inks is the method of choice for these types of printing inks.  
1.7 This test method may not be applicable to all types of coatings. Other procedures may be substituted with mutual agreement between the producer and the user.  
Note 3: If unusual decomposition or degradation of the specimen occurs during heating, the actual time and temperature used to cure the coating in practice may be substituted for the time and temperature specified in this test method, subject to mutual agreement between the producer and the user. The U.S. EPA Reference Method 24 specifies 110 °C ± 5 °C for 1 h for coatings.
Note 4: Practice D3960 for Determining Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Content of Paints and Related Coatings describes procedures and calculations and provides guidance on selecting test methods to determine VOC content of solventborne and waterborne coatings.  
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D2064-24(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Print Resistance of Architectural Paints

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The ability of a coating to resist printing is important because its appearance is adversely affected if the smoothness of the coating film is altered by contact with another surface, particularly one with a texture. Interior paint systems, particularly gloss and semigloss on window sills and other horizontal surfaces, often have objects such as flower pots placed on them that may tend to leave a permanent impression. This tendency for a paint film to “print” is a function of the hardness of the coating, the pressure, temperature, humidity, and the duration of time that the object is in contact with the painted surface.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers an accelerated procedure for evaluating the print resistance of architectural paints. It differs from print resistance Test Method D2091 in that the latter is concerned with lacquer finishes under packaging, shipping, and warehousing conditions, whereas this test method is concerned with decorative coatings undergoing random on-site pressure contact.  
Note 1: Printing should not be confused with blocking, which is measured in Test Method D4946. The former relates to the indentation of a surface, and the latter, the sticking together of two surfaces.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    2 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    2 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D4213-24(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Scrub Resistance of Paints by Abrasion Weight Loss

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Interior paint films often become soiled, especially near doorways, windows, and play areas, and frequently need to be cleaned by scrubbing. This test method covers the determination of the relative resistance of paints to erosion when scrubbed.  
4.2 The precision of scrub resistance measurements in absolute physical values, such as Test Methods D2486 (cycles-to-failure or this test method, microlitres per 100 cycles), is poor due to the relatively large effect of subtle and difficult-to-control variables in test conditions. The test method described herein minimizes this problem by using a standard calibration panel as an integral part of each scrubbing operation and relating its weight loss to that of the paint film under test to establish the latter's scrub resistance.
Note 1: The numerical scrub resistance values obtained by this test method are of significance only in relation to the specific calibration panel types with which the value is obtained. Thus, for example, a scrub resistance value of 83 with a Type X calibration panel would be reported as 83X.  
4.3 Results obtained by this test method do not necessarily represent the scrub resistance that might be determined if the test film is allowed to dry before testing appreciably longer than the seven-day period specified herein.  
4.4 Results obtained by this test method do not necessarily relate to ease of soil or stain removal (also referred to as “cleanability” or “cleansability”). To test for those characteristics use Test Methods D3450 and D4828.
FIG. 1 Alignment of Panels for Scrubbing
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers an accelerated procedure for determining the resistance of paints to erosion caused by scrubbing. (Note: The term wet abrasion is sometimes used for scrubbing, and wet abrasion resistance or scrubbability for scrub resistance.) Although scrub resistance tests are intended primarily for interior coatings, they are sometimes used with exterior coatings as an additional measure of film performance.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D3023-98(2024)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Determination of Resistance of Factory-Applied Coatings on Wood Products to Stains and Reagents

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 When used in conjunction with Guide D333, this practice will provide a comprehensive evaluation of resistance to stains caused by chemical reagents and household chemicals.  
3.2 This practice applies only to coatings applied in sufficient quantity to form a continuous film. It is recommended that the dry film thickness of the coating under test be reported.  
3.3 Results from stain tests conducted in accordance with this practice distinguish differences between coatings.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers evaluation of clear factory-applied coating systems on wood substrates.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D6441-05(2024)(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Measuring the Hiding Power of Powder Coatings

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Contrast ratio at a specified film thickness is a useful hiding power parameter for production control and purchasing specifications.  
5.2 The greater the hiding power, the less coating is required per unit area to obtain adequate hiding. Knowledge of hiding power is therefore important in regard to coating costs and for comparing coating value.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods determine and report the hiding power of a powder coating with respect to two parameters:  
1.1.1 Test Method A—Contrast Ratio at a given film thickness  
1.1.2 Test Method B—Film thickness at 0.98 (98 %) contrast ratio.
Note 1: The measured parameters follow powder coating industry practice by measuring hiding power in relation to film thickness, rather than the “Spreading Rate” function employed in Test Methods D344 and D2805 and other hiding power test methods.
Note 2: Hiding power is photometrically defined as the spreading rate at 0.98 contrast ratio. See definitions of spreading rate and hiding power in Terminology D16, D2805, and the Paint and Coatings Testing Manual.
Note 3: The contrast ratio 0.98 is conventionally accepted in the coatings industry as representing “complete” hiding for reflectometric hiding power measurements. But visually, as well as photometrically, it is slightly less than complete.  
1.2 These test methods cover the determination of the hiding power of powder coatings applied by electrostatic spraying.  
1.3 These test methods determine hiding power by means of reflectometric and thickness gauge measurements. They are limited to coatings having a minimum CIE-Y reflectance of 15 %.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    8 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D4958-24(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Comparison of the Brush Drag of Latex Paints

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 As the brush drag of a paint increases, any natural tendency on the part of the painter to overspread the paint is reduced. When all other factors are held constant, increased brush drag will result in greater film thickness with consequent improvement in durability and hiding. Conversely, sometimes it might be preferred to have a lesser degree of brush drag for easier application (that is, the amount of time and effort in applying a paint to a specific area is reduced with a lesser degree of brush drag).  
5.2 This test method provides a standardized brushout procedure for the evaluation of brush drag as an alternative to customary informal ad hoc procedures. Its objective is to maximize the reliability and precision with which this characteristic may be determined.
Note 1: The brush drag of paints is directly related to their high-shear viscosity. There is generally good rank order agreement between results obtained by this method and Test Method D4287. The sensitivity of this brushout method has been found sufficient to distinguish between brushability corresponding to high-shear viscosity differences not lower than 0.3 poise (0.03 Pa.s). Round robin data show that rank order agreement between the brushout and viscometric methods is poor when both latex and solvent-borne paints are part of the same comparison group. This is the result of these two paint types having markedly different rheological properties that affect the relative perception of brush drag.3
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is a standardized brushout procedure for comparing the brush drag of architectural type solvent-borne paints.  
1.2 With slight modifications this test method is also applicable to solvent-borne paints.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D2794-93(2024)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Resistance of Organic Coatings to the Effects of Rapid Deformation (Impact)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Coatings attached to substrates are subjected to damaging impacts during the manufacture of articles and their use in service. In its use over many years, this test method for impact resistance has been found to be useful in predicting the performance of organic coatings for their ability to resist cracking caused by impacts.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for rapidly deforming by impact a coating film and its substrate and for evaluating the effect of such deformation.  
1.2 This test method should be restricted to testing in only one laboratory when numerical values are used because of the poor reproducibility of the method. Interlaboratory agreement is improved when ranking is used in place of numerical values.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off