ASTM C1027-19
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining Visible Abrasion Resistance of Glazed Ceramic Tile
Standard Test Method for Determining Visible Abrasion Resistance of Glazed Ceramic Tile
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The abrasion resistance of tile surfaces is determined by rotation of an abrasive load on the surface and the assessment of the resultant wear by means of visual comparison of the abraded test specimens and nonabraded tiles. A staining agent in light oil may be used to help determine whether abrasion surface is likely to result in mechanical entrapment of dirt particles.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is designed to measure the resistance of tile surfaces to visible surface abrasion.
1.2 This procedure may be used to compare tiles of like color and finish. No provisions are made for comparing tiles of dissimilar colors and/or finishes.
1.3 Certain irregular surfaces may not be evaluated properly by this test method because of wear patterns.
1.4 This procedure does not optimally evaluate loss of gloss with abrasion.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C1027 − 19
Standard Test Method for
Determining Visible Abrasion Resistance of Glazed Ceramic
1
Tile
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1027; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope abraded test specimens and nonabraded tiles. A staining agent
in light oil may be used to help determine whether abrasion
1.1 Thistestmethodisdesignedtomeasuretheresistanceof
surface is likely to result in mechanical entrapment of dirt
tile surfaces to visible surface abrasion.
particles.
1.2 This procedure may be used to compare tiles of like
color and finish. No provisions are made for comparing tiles of
4. Abrasive Load
dissimilar colors and/or finishes.
4.1 The total load on each test specimen consists of the
1.3 Certain irregular surfaces may not be evaluated properly
following:
by this test method because of wear patterns.
4.1.1 Grade 25 chrome steel balls of various diameters:
1.4 This procedure does not optimally evaluate loss of gloss
4.1.1.1 70.0 g of 5-mm diameter steel balls.
with abrasion.
4.1.1.2 52.5 g of 3-mm diameter steel balls.
4.1.1.3 43.75 g of 2-mm diameter steel balls.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
4.1.1.4 8.75 g of 1-mm diameter steel balls.
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
4.1.2 3.0 g No. 80 grit aluminum oxide, and
standard.
4.1.3 20 6 0.5-mL demineralized water.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5. Reagents and Apparatus
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
5.1 AbrasionApparatus—The abrasion apparatus shall con-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
sist of a steel case with a built-in electrical drive to a horizontal
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
supporting plate with positions for a maximum of nine test
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
specimens of dimensions at least 100 by 100 mm (see Fig. 1),
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
but an apparatus with fewer positions may be used. The
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
distance between the center of each position shall be 195 mm.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
There shall be equal distance between each adjacent position.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
The supporting plate rotates at 300 revolutions/min with an
eccentricity of 22.5 mm so that every part of each test
2. Referenced Documents
specimen describes a circular motion of 45-mm diameter. The
2.1 ISO Standard:
test specimens are held down with the aid of metal holders,
2
ISO 10545–14
which are provided with rubber seals (see Fig. 2). The internal
diameter of the holders is 83 mm, thus providing a test area of
3. Significance and Use 2
about 54 cm . The thickness of the rubber is 2.5 mm and the
3.1 The abrasion resistance of tile surfaces is determined by
height of the space under the holder is 25.5 mm.The apparatus
rotation of an abrasive load on the surface and the assessment switches off automatically after completion of a preset number
of the resultant wear by means of visual comparison of the
of revolutions. The supporting plate with holders and test
specimens should have a cover during operation.
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeC21onCeramic
5.2 Apparatus for Visual Assessment—A viewing box (see
Whitewares and Related Productsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
Fig. 3) equipped with fluorescent lighting of color temperature
C21.06 on Ceramic Tile.
5000 to 6500K placed vertically above the surface to be
Current edition approved June 1, 2019. Published June 2019. Originally
approved 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as C1027 – 09 (2017). DOI: observed providing 300-lux illumination. The interior of the
10.1520/C1027-19.
box shall be painted a neutral gray.
2
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org. 5.3 Drying Oven, capable of operation at (110 + 5)°C.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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C1027 − 19
5.4 10% (v/v) Hydrochloric Acid Solution, prep
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C1027 − 09 (Reapproved 2017) C1027 − 19
Standard Test Method for
Determining Visible Abrasion Resistance of Glazed Ceramic
1
Tile
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1027; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method is designed to measure the resistance of tile surfaces to visible surface abrasion. Certain irregular surfaces
may not be evaluated properly by this test method because of wear patterns.
1.2 This procedure does not make provisions for the apparent difference in abrasion values between light and dark colored
tile.may be used to compare tiles of like color and finish. No provisions are made for comparing tiles of dissimilar colors and/or
finishes.
1.3 Certain irregular surfaces may not be evaluated properly by this test method because of wear patterns.
1.4 This procedure does not optimally evaluate loss of gloss with abrasion.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ISO Standard:
2
ISO 10545–14
3. Significance and Use
3.1 The abrasion resistance of tile surfaces is determined by rotation of an abrasive load on the surface and the assessment of
the resultant wear by means of visual comparison of the abraded test specimens and nonabraded tiles. A staining agent in light oil
may be used to help determine whether abrasion surface is likely to result in mechanical entrapment of dirt particles.
4. Abrasive Load
4.1 The total load on each test specimen consists of the following:
4.1.1 Grade 25 chrome steel balls of various diameters:
4.1.1.1 70.0 g of 5-mm diameter steel balls.
4.1.1.2 52.5 g of 3-mm diameter steel balls.
4.1.1.3 43.75 g of 2-mm diameter steel balls.
4.1.1.4 8.75 g of 1-mm diameter steel balls.
4.1.2 3.0 g No. 80 grit aluminum oxide, and
4.1.3 20 6 0.5-mL demineralized water.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C21 on Ceramic Whitewares and Related Productsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C21.06
on Ceramic Tile.
Current edition approved June 1, 2019. Published November 2017June 2019. Originally approved 1984. Last previous edition approved in 20092017 as
C1027 – 09.C1027 – 09 (2017). DOI: 10.1520/C1027-09R17.10.1520/C1027-19.
2
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1027 − 19
5. Reagents and Apparatus
5.1 Abrasion Apparatus—The abrasion apparatus shall consist of a steel case with a built-in electrical drive to a horizontal
supporting plate with positions for a maximum of nine test specimens of dimensions at least 100 by 100 mm (see Fig. 1), but an
apparatus with fewer positions may be used. The distance between the center of each position shall be 195 mm. There shall be
equal distance between each adjacent position. The supporting plate rotates at 300 revolutions/min with an eccentricity of 22.5 mm
so that every part of each test specimen describes a circular motion of 45-mm diameter. The test specimens are held down with
the aid of metal holders, which are provided with rubber seals (see Fig. 2). The internal diameter of the holders is 83 mm, thus
2
providing a test area of about 54 cm . The thickness of the rubber is 2.5 mm and the height of the space under the holder is 25.5
mm. The apparatus switches off automatically after completion of a preset number of revolutions. The supporting plate with
holders and test
...
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