ASTM E502-07e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Selection and Use of ASTM Standards for the Determination of Flash Point of Chemicals by Closed Cup Methods
Standard Test Method for Selection and Use of ASTM Standards for the Determination of Flash Point of Chemicals by Closed Cup Methods
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The flash point measures the response of the sample to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions. It is only one of a number of properties that must be considered in assessing the overall flammability hazard of a material.
As a result of physical factors inherent in the apparatus and procedure, the closed cup flash point does not necessarily represent the minimum temperature at which a material can evolve flammable vapors, and the absence of a flash point does not guarantee nonflammability (see Appendix X1 and Appendix X2).
Flash point is used in shipping and safety regulations to define flammable and combustible materials. Test Methods D 56, D 93, and D 3278 are specified as test methods for determining the flash point of these materials.
5.4 If the process or handling conditions dictate the usage of a flammable material at temperatures ranging upward from 5 to 10°C below the closed-cup flash point, then a flammable vapor might be present above the liquid. In such cases, it may be more appropriate to use the temperature limit of flammability (as determined by Test Method E 1232) instead of flash point.
Small scale methods involving equilibrium procedures and only one flame pass per specimen are preferred.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the flash point of liquid and solid chemical compounds flashing from below − 10 to 370°C (16 to 700°F). The procedures and apparatus in Test Methods D 56, D 93, D 3278, D 3828, and D 3941 are to be used. Modification to these procedures are specified for tests on solids and viscous liquids. The significance of the results obtained is discussed along with possible sources of error and factors that might cause interference.
1.2 Suggestions for adapting this procedure to mixtures of chemicals are included (see Appendix X2).
1.3 This test method should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test method may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment that take into account all of the factors that are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use.
1.4 WARNING – Mercury has been designated by EPA and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website – http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm - for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state may be prohibited by state law.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See also Section 8.
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´1
Designation: E502 − 07
StandardTest Method for
Selection and Use of ASTM Standards for the Determination
1
of Flash Point of Chemicals by Closed Cup Methods
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E502; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
´ NOTE—Mercury warning editorially added in March 2008.
1. Scope responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the flash
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. See also Section 8.
point of liquid and solid chemical compounds flashing from
below−10 to 370°C (16 to 700°F). The procedures and
2. Referenced Documents
apparatus in Test Methods D56, D93, D3278, D3828, and
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D3941 are to be used. Modification to these procedures are
D56Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester
specified for tests on solids and viscous liquids. The signifi-
D92Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland
cance of the results obtained is discussed along with possible
Open Cup Tester
sources of error and factors that might cause interference.
D93Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
1.2 Suggestions for adapting this procedure to mixtures of
Closed Cup Tester
chemicals are included (see Appendix X2).
D270Methods of Sampling Petroleum and Petroleum Prod-
3
1.3 Thistestmethodshouldbeusedtomeasureanddescribe
ucts (Withdrawn 1984)
the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response
D1310TestMethodforFlashPointandFirePointofLiquids
to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and
by Tag Open-Cup Apparatus
shouldnotbeusedtodescribeorappraisethefirehazardorfire
D3278Test Methods for Flash Point of Liquids by Small
risk of materials or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
Scale Closed-Cup Apparatus
However, results of this test method may be used as elements
D3827Test Method for Estimation of Solubility of Gases in
ofafireriskassessmentthattakeintoaccountallofthefactors
Petroleum and Other Organic Liquids
that are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a
D3828Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale Closed
particular end use.
Cup Tester
D3934Test Method for Flash/No Flash Test—Equilibrium
1.4 Warning—Mercury has been designated by EPA and
Method by a Closed-Cup Apparatus
many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause
D3941Test Method for Flash Point by the Equilibrium
central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or
Method With a Closed-Cup Apparatus
its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to
E681TestMethodforConcentrationLimitsofFlammability
materials.Cautionshouldbetakenwhenhandlingmercuryand
of Chemicals (Vapors and Gases)
mercury containing products. See the applicable product Ma-
E1232Test Method for Temperature Limit of Flammability
terial Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website
of Chemicals
– http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm - for additional infor-
mation. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or
3. Terminology
mercury containing products into your state may be prohibited
by state law. 3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 flash point—the lowest temperature, corrected to a
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
pressure of 760 mm Hg (101.3 kPa) (1013 mbar) at which
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1 2
This test method is under jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E27 on Hazard For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Potential of Chemicals and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E27.04 on contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Flammability and Ignitability of Chemicals. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2007. Published March 2007. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as E502–06a. DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/E0502-07E01. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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E502 − 07
application of an ignition source causes the vapors of a 7.3 Small scale Closed Tester,includingthermometers,shall
specimen to ignite under specified conditions of test. be as shown in Test Methods D3278 or D3828.
NOTE 1—Some automatic flash point testers may save testing time and
4. Summary of Test Metho
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
e1
Designation:E502–06a Designation:E502–07
Standard Test Method for
Selection and Use of ASTM Standards for the Determination
1
of Flash Point of Chemicals by Closed Cup Methods
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E502; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
e NOTE—Mercury warning editorially added in March 2008.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the flash point of liquid and solid chemical compounds flashing from
below−10 to 370°C (16 to 700°F). The procedures and apparatus in Test Methods D56, D93, D3278, D3828, and D3941 are
to be used. Modification to these procedures are specified for tests on solids and viscous liquids. The significance of the results
obtained is discussed along with possible sources of error and factors that might cause interference.
1.2 Suggestions for adapting this procedure to mixtures of chemicals are included (see Appendix X2).
1.3 This test method should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response
to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk
of materials or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test method may be used as elements of a fire risk
assessment that take into account all of the factors that are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use.
1.4
1.4 WARNING – Mercury has been designated by EPAand many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central
nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution
should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet
(MSDS) for details and EPA’s website – http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm - for additional information. Users should be aware
that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state may be prohibited by state law.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. See also Section 8.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester
D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup Tester
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
3
D270 Method of Sampling Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D1310 Test Method for Flash Point and Fire Point of Liquids by Tag Open-Cup Apparatus
D3278 Test Methods for Flash Point of Liquids by Small Scale Closed-Cup Apparatus
D3827 Test Method for Estimation of Solubility of Gases in Petroleum and Other Organic Liquids
D3828 Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale Closed Cup Tester
D3934 Test Method for Flash/No Flash TestEquilibrium Method by a Closed-Cup Apparatus
D3941 Test Method for Flash Point by the Equilibrium Method With a Closed-Cup Apparatus
E681Test Method for Concentration Limits of Flammability of Chemicals (Vapors and Gases) Test Method for Concentration
Limits of Flammability of Chemicals (Vapors and Gases)
E1232 Test Method for Temperature Limit of Flammability of Chemicals
1
This test method is under jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E27 on Hazard Potential of Chemicals and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E27.04 on
Flammability and Ignitability of Chemicals.
Current edition approved Aug.Jan. 15, 2006.2007. Published October 2006.March 2007. Originally approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as
E502–06a.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Withdrawn.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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E502–07
3. Terminology
3.1 Definition:
3.1.1 flash point—the lowest temperature, corrected to a pressure of 760 mm Hg (101.3 kPa)
...
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