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ASTM D154-85(2001)

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Testing Varnishes

Standard Guide for Testing Varnishes

ABSTRACT
This guide covers the proper selection and use of procedures for testing varnishes. Properties of liquid varnishes that may be tested are as follows: appearance; color (Gardner, tristimulus, and Platinum-Cobalt scale); viscosity (Gardner-Holdt bubble time, Ford cup efflux, and high precision kinematic viscosity); specific gravity; volatile content; nonvolatile matter; flash point (tag closed-cup, Pensky Martens, tag open-cup, and Setaflash closed tester); skinning; acid value; reactivity of paint liquids; quantitative rosin content; and qualitative rosin content (Lieberman-Storch and Halphen-Hicks). Drying and curing properties that may be tested are drying and print free time. Finally, properties of dry varnish that may be tested are as follows: gloss (specular gloss and reflective haze); resistance of dried films to water and alkali; abrasion resistance by carborundum air blast, falling abrasive, and Taber abraser; exterior durability; color of dried film; and clear floor sealers.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the selection and use of procedures for testing varnishes. Some test methods are included but most sections refer to specific ASTM test methods.  
1.2 Varnishes may be applied under such diverse conditions to so many different surfaces, and their dried films may be subjected to so many kinds of wear and exposure, that it is not possible to assure desired performance from a single selection of test methods and numerical results. Those skilled in varnish technology may find partial assurance of obtaining desired qualities in various types of varnishes through careful selection of the methods covered and intelligent interpretation of results.  
1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-May-1985
ICS
87.040 - Paints and varnishes
Technical Committee
D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
Drafting Committee
D01.33 - Polymers and Resins
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D154-85(1996) - Standard Guide for Testing Varnishes
Effective Date
31-May-1985
Replaced By
ASTM D154-85(2009) - Standard Guide for Testing Varnishes (Withdrawn 2018)
Effective Date
01-Dec-2009
Referred By
ASTM D6763-16(2022) - Standard Guide for Testing Exterior Wood Stains and Clear Water Repellents
Effective Date
31-May-1985
Referred By
ASTM D1725-12(2019) - Standard Practice for Preparing Resin Solutions for Viscosity Measurement by Bubble Time Method
Effective Date
31-May-1985
Referred By
ASTM D5165-12(2020) - Standard Practice for Laboratory Preparation of Gelled Vehicles Using a Resin Kettle
Effective Date
31-May-1985
Referred By
ASTM G195-22 - Standard Guide for Conducting Wear Tests Using a Rotary Platform Abraser
Effective Date
31-May-1985
Referred By
ASTM D5146-10(2019) - Standard Guide to Testing Solvent-Borne Architectural Coatings
Effective Date
31-May-1985
Referred By
ASTM D3730-17(2022) - Standard Guide for Testing High-Performance Interior Architectural Wall Coatings
Effective Date
31-May-1985
Referred By
ASTM D2205-20 - Standard Guide for Selection of Tests for Traffic Paints
Effective Date
31-May-1985

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ASTM D154-85(2001) - Standard Guide for Testing VarnishesASTM D154-85(2001) - Standard Guide for Testing Varnishes
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ASTM D154-85(2001) - Standard Guide for Testing Varnishes
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation:D154–85(Reapproved2001)
Standard Guide for
1
Testing Varnishes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D154; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D1209 Test Method for Color of Clear Liquids (Platinum-
Cobalt Scale)
1.1 This guide covers the selection and use of procedures
D1310 Test Method for Flash Point and Fire Point of
for testing varnishes. Some test methods are included, but most
Liquids by Tag Open-Cup Apparatus
sections refer to specific ASTM test methods.
D1469 Test Method for Total Rosin Acids Content of
1.2 Varnishes may be applied under such diverse conditions
3
Coating Vehicles
to so many different surfaces and their dried films may be
D1475 Test Method For Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks,
subjected to so many kinds of wear and exposure, that it is not
and Related Products
possible to assure desired performance from a single selection
D1542 Test Method for Qualitative Detection of Rosin in
of test methods and numerical results. Those skilled in varnish
3
Varnishes
technology may find partial assurance of obtaining desired
D1544 Test Method for Color of Transparent Liquids
qualities in various types of varnishes through careful selection
(Gardner Color Scale)
of the methods covered and intelligent interpretation of results.
D1545 Test Method forViscosity ofTransparent Liquids by
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Bubble Time Method
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
D1546 Practice for Testing the Performance of Clear Floor
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3
Sealers
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
D1639 Test Method for Acid Value of Organic Coating
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3
Materials
2. Referenced Documents
D1640 TestMethodsforDrying,Curing,orFilmFormation
2
of Organic Coatings at Room Temperature
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1641 Practice for Conducting Outdoor Exposure Tests of
D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester
Varnishes
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
D1644 Test Methods for Nonvolatile Content of Varnishes
Closed Cup Tester
D1647 Test Methods for Resistance of Dried Films of
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
3
Varnishes to Water and Alkali
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
D1729 Practice for Visual Appraisal of Colors and Color
ity)
3
Differences of Diffusely-Illuminated Opaque Materials
D479 Test Method for Reactivity of Paint Liquids
D2090 Test Method for Clarity and Cleanness of Paint and
D523 Test Method for Specular Gloss
3
Ink Liquids
D658 Test Method of Abrasion Resistance of Organic
3
D2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and
Coatings by Air Blast Abrasive
Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color
D968 Test Methods for Abrasion Resistance of Organic
Coordinates
Coatings by Falling Abrasive
D2369 Test Method for Volatile Content of Coatings
D1200 Test Method for Viscosity by Ford Viscosity Cup
D2805 Test Method for Hiding Power of Paints by Reflec-
tometry
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and
D3278 Test Methods for Flash Point of Liquids by Small
Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Scale Closed-Cup Apparatus
Subcommittee D01.33 on Polymers and Resins.
D3964 Practice for Selection of Coating Specimens for
Current edition approved Dec. 10, 2001. Published July 1985. Originally
published as D154 – 23. Last previous edition D154 – 76. DOI: 10.1520/D0154-
Appearance Measurements
85R01.
D4039 Test Method for Reflection Haze of High-Gloss
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Surfaces
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3
Withdrawn.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D154–85 (2001)
D4060 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Organic atmosphereintheareawherethecoatingisapplied.Depending
Coatings by the Taber Abraser upon the method of application, the time required to vaporize
E308 Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by the volatile, and the conditions of the atmosphere surrounding
Using the CIE System the application, it is recommended that Test Method D2369 be
used to determine the volatile content of a varnish.
LIQ
...

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