ASTM D8148-22
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Spectroscopic Determination of Haze in Fuels
Standard Test Method for Spectroscopic Determination of Haze in Fuels
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 It has long been the practice to include in fuel specifications a requirement that the fuel is clear and bright.
5.2 One primary cause for failure to meet this specification requirement is the occurrence of a cloudy or hazy appearance caused by suspended solid particulates or water or some combination of both.
5.2.1 This cloudiness or haze can range from barely visible to opaque.
5.3 This test method provides an objective analytical means for providing a haze rating that does not depend on subjective visual ratings that typically vary with operator and lighting conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a spectroscopic procedure for determining the level of suspended water and particulate contamination (haze) in liquid middle distillate fuels including those blended with synthesized hydrocarbons or biofuels.
1.1.1 An ordinal, whole-number, Instrument Haze Rating (IHR) from 1 to 6 and a Haze Clarity Index (HCI) from 50.0 to 100.0 are determined on a test specimen at a temperature of 22.0 °C ± 2.0 °C.
1.1.1.1 The stated precision only applies at this temperature.
1.1.1.2 Fuels analyzed at other test specimen temperatures may not be as precise.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Other units of measurement included in this standard are defined in Section 3.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D8148 − 22
Standard Test Method for
1
Spectroscopic Determination of Haze in Fuels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8148; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D4176 Test Method for FreeWater and Particulate Contami-
nation in Distillate Fuels (Visual Inspection Procedures)
1.1 This test method covers a spectroscopic procedure for
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
determining the level of suspended water and particulate
Petroleum Products
contamination (haze) in liquid middle distillate fuels including
D6300 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias
those blended with synthesized hydrocarbons or biofuels.
Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products,
1.1.1 An ordinal, whole-number, Instrument Haze Rating
Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
(IHR) from 1 to 6 and a Haze Clarity Index (HCI) from 50.0 to
100.0 are determined on a test specimen at a temperature of
3. Terminology
22.0 °C 6 2.0 °C.
1.1.1.1 Thestatedprecisiononlyappliesatthistemperature.
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
1.1.1.2 Fuels analyzed at other test specimen temperatures method, refer to Terminology D4175.
may not be as precise.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as 3.2.1 check standard cuvette, n—cuvette containing a certi-
standard. Other units of measurement included in this standard
fied solid semi-transparent material that is used to confirm
are defined in Section 3. instrument operation and calibration.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.2 clear-and-bright (also termed clean-and-bright),
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the adj—aconditioninwhichthefuelisfreeofhazeorcloudiness.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.2.1 Discussion—This clear and bright definition does
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- not consider the presence of visible water droplets or solid
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
particulates and is restricted to the presence of visible haze or
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor- cloudiness in the sample.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.2.3 crown glass, n—a type of optical glass having a low
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
refractive index and low dispersion.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.2.4 cuvette transfer time, n—a user-set timed event that
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
limits the amount of time the operator has to prepare the test
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
specimen and instrument for analysis.
3.2.5 Haze Clarity Index (HCI), n—a numerical value from
2. Referenced Documents
50.0 to 100.0 that indicates fuel clarity derived from spectro-
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
scopic measurements and an algorithm.
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
3.2.5.1 Discussion—The HCI values increase with sample
Petroleum Products
clarity and ranges from 100.0 HCI (very clear and bright) to
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
50.0 HCI (very cloudy and opaque). Accordingly, a fuel with
Fuels, and Lubricants
an HCI value of 90.0 has less haze than a fuel with an HCI
value of 80.0. HCI can be used to evaluate haze intensity
changes within a given IHR.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of 3.2.6 Instrument Haze Rating (IHR), n—an ordinal, whole-
Subcommittee D02.14 on Stability, Cleanliness and Compatibility of Liquid Fuels.
number from 1 to 6, that corresponds to haze ratings defined in
Current edition approved April 1, 2022. Published April 2022. Originally
Test Method D4176, Procedure 2 and is assigned to the test
approved in 2017. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D8148 – 17. DOI:
specimen based upon spectroscopic measurements and an
10.1520/D8148-22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
algorithm.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3.2.7 optically clear, adj—transparent to light having wave-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. lengths from 340 nm
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D8148 − 17 D8148 − 22
Standard Test Method for
1
Spectroscopic Determination of Haze in Fuels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8148; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method covers a spectroscopic procedure for determining the level of suspended water and particulate contamination
(haze) in liquid middle distillate fuels including those blended with synthesized hydrocarbons or biofuels.
1.1.1 An ordinal, whole-number, Instrument Haze Rating (IHR) from 1 to 6 and a Haze Clarity Index (HCI) from 50.0 to 100.0
are determined on a test specimen at a temperature of 22.0 °C 6 2.0 °C.
1.1.1.1 The stated precision only applies at this temperature.
1.1.1.2 Fuels analyzed at other test specimen temperatures may not be as precise.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Other units of measurement included in this standard are defined
in Section 3.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
D4176 Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Contamination in Distillate Fuels (Visual Inspection Procedures)
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D6300 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and
Lubricants
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D4175.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.14 on on Stability, Cleanliness and Compatibility of Liquid Fuels.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2017April 1, 2022. Published November 2017April 2022. Originally approved in 2017. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as
D8148 – 17. DOI: 10.1520/D8148-17.10.1520/D8148-22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D8148 − 22
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 check standard cuvette, n—cuvette containing a certified solid semi-transparent material that is used to confirm instrument
operation and calibration.
3.2.2 clear-and-bright (also termed clean-and-bright), adj—a condition in which the fuel is free of haze or cloudiness.
3.2.2.1 Discussion—
This clear and bright definition does not consider the presence of visible water droplets or solid particulates and is restricted to the
presence of visible haze or cloudiness in the sample.
3.2.3 crown glass, n—a type of optical glass having a low refractive index and low dispersion.
3.2.4 cuvette transfer time, n—a user-set timed event that limits the amount of time the operator has to prepare the test specimen
and instrument for analysis.
3.2.5 Haze Clarity Index (HCI), n—a numerical value from 50.0 to 100.0 that indicates fuel clarity derived from spectroscopic
measurements and an algorithm.
3.2.5.1 Discussion—
The HCI values increase with sample clarity and ranges from 100.0 HCI (very clear and bright) to 50.0 HCI (very cloudy and
opaque). Accordingly, a fuel with an HCI value of 90.0 has le
...
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