ASTM B243-17
(Terminology)Standard Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
Standard Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology standard includes definitions that are helpful in the interpretation and application of powder metallurgy terms.
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: B243 − 17
Standard Terminology of
1
Powder Metallurgy
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B243; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope apparent hardness, n—thehardnessofaPMmaterial(includ-
ing the effects of porosity), measured using macroindenta-
1.1 This terminology standard includes definitions that are
tion hardness equipment.
helpful in the interpretation and application of powder metal-
lurgy terms.
DISCUSSION—See general description of production, properties, and
uses of sintered metal powder bearings and structural parts, paragraph
1.2 This international standard was developed in accor-
on density and mechanical properties, information on hardness
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- 2
measurement, Volume 02.05.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
apparent porosity, n—specific to cemented carbides, micro-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
structural features that appear to be pores in a properly
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
prepared, unetched surface; these features may result from
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
uncombined carbon or nonmetallic inclusions as well as
actual porosity.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
atomization, n—thedispersionofamoltenmetalintoparticles
B331Test Method for Compressibility of Metal Powders in by a rapidly moving gas or liquid stream or by mechanical
Uniaxial Compaction
means.
atomized metal powder, n—metal powder produced by the
3. Terminology
dispersion of a molten metal by a rapidly moving gas, or
3.1 Definitions:
liquid stream, or by mechanical dispersion
acicular powder, n—needle-shaped particles.
binder, n—acementingmedium;eitheramaterialaddedtothe
activated sintering, v—a sintering process during which the
powder to increase the green strength of the compact, and
rate of sintering is increased, for example, by addition of a
which is expelled during sintering; or a material (usually of
substancetothepowderorbychangingsinteringconditions.
relatively lower melting point) added to a powder mixture
for the specific purpose of cementing together powder
agglomerate, n—several particles adhering together.
particles which alone would not sinter into a strong body.
air classification, n—the separation of powder into particle
binder (MIM), n—amixtureofpolymersorothermaterials,or
size fractions by means of an air stream of controlled
both, that when combined with metal powders enables the
velocity.
mixture to flow during the injection molding process. The
binder imparts green strength to the MIM part and allows it
angle of repose, n—thebasalangleofapileformedbypowder
to retain its molded shape.
when freely poured under specified conditions onto a hori-
zontal surface.
binder removal, n—the chemical or thermal extraction of
apparent density, n—the mass of a unit volume of powder, binder from a compact. Synonymous with debinding.
usuallyexpressedasgramspercubiccentimetre,determined
blank, n—a pressed, presintered, or fully sintered compact,
by a specified method.
usually in the unfinished condition, requiring cutting,
machining, or some other operation to give it its final shape.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee B09 on Metal
Powders and Metal Powder Productsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommit-
2
tee B09.01 on Nomenclature and Technical Data. For a discussion of apparent hardness, see the section on Density in General
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2017. Published November 2017. Originally Description of Production, Properties, and Uses of Sintered Metal Powder Bearings
approved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as B243–16A. DOI: and Structural Parts, which appears in the Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol
10.1520/B0243-17. 02.05.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B243 − 17
blending, n—the thorough intermingling of powders of the classification, n—separationofapowderintofractionsaccord-
samenominalcomposition(nottobeconfusedwithmixing). ing to particle size.
blister crack, n—typically small defects (star burst) over or closed pore, n—a pore not communicating or connected with
an exterior surface.
around a bump or blister.
coin, v—to repress a sintered compact to obtain a definite
DISCUSSION—These may occur during sintering as a result of rapid
outgassing of the lubricant.The rapid outgassing may be caused by the
surface configura
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: B243 − 16a B243 − 17
Standard Terminology of
1
Powder Metallurgy
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B243; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This terminology standard includes definitions that are helpful in the interpretation and application of powder metallurgy
terms.
1. Scope
1.1 This terminology standard includes definitions that are helpful in the interpretation and application of powder metallurgy
terms.
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B331 Test Method for Compressibility of Metal Powders in Uniaxial Compaction
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
acicular powder, n—needle-shaped particles.
activated sintering, v—a sintering process during which the rate of sintering is increased, for example, by addition of a substance
to the powder or by changing sintering conditions.
agglomerate, n—several particles adhering together.
air classification, n—the separation of powder into particle size fractions by means of an air stream of controlled velocity.
angle of repose, n—the basal angle of a pile formed by powder when freely poured under specified conditions onto a horizontal
surface.
apparent density, n—the mass of a unit volume of powder, usually expressed as grams per cubic centimetre, determined by a
specified method.
apparent hardness, n—the hardness of a PM material (including the effects of porosity), measured using macroindentation
hardness equipment.
DISCUSSION—
See general description of production, properties, and uses of sintered metal powder bearings and structural parts, paragraph on density and mechanical
2
properties, information on hardness measurement, Volume 02.05.
apparent porosity, n—specific to cemented carbides, microstructural features that appear to be pores in a properly prepared,
unetched surface; these features may result from uncombined carbon or nonmetallic inclusions as well as actual porosity.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on Metal Powders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
B09.01 on Nomenclature and Technical Data.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2016Nov. 1, 2017. Published February 2017November 2017. Originally approved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as
B243 – 16.B243 – 16A. DOI: 10.1520/B0243-16A.10.1520/B0243-17.
2
For a discussion of apparent hardness, see the section on Density in General Description of Production, Properties, and Uses of Sintered Metal Powder Bearings and
Structural Parts, which appears in the Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.05.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B243 − 17
atomization, n—the dispersion of a molten metal into particles by a rapidly moving gas or liquid stream or by mechanical means.
atomized metal powder, n—metal powder produced by the dispersion of a molten metal by a rapidly moving gas, or liquid stream,
or by mechanical dispersion
binder, n—a cementing medium; either a material added to the powder to increase the green strength of the compact, and which
is expelled during sintering; or a material (usually of relatively lower melting point) added to a powder mixture for the specific
purpose of cementing together powder particles which alone would not sinter into a strong body.
binder (MIM), n—a mixture of polymers or other materials, or both, that when combined with metal powders enables the mixture
to flow during the injection molding process. The binder imparts green strength to the MIM part and allows it to retain its molded
shape.
binder removal, n—the chemical or thermal extraction of binder from a compact. Synonymous with debinding.
blank, n—a pressed, presintered, or fully sintered compact, usually in the unfinished condition, requiring cutting, machining, or
some other operation to give it its final shape.
blending, n—the thorough intermingl
...
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