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ASTM D6984-05a

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence IIIF, Spark-Ignition Engine

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence IIIF, Spark-Ignition Engine

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers an engine test procedure for evaluating automotive engine oils for certain high-temperature performance characteristics, including oil thickening, varnish deposition, oil consumption, as well as engine wear. Such oils include both single viscosity grade and multiviscosity grade oils that are used in both spark-ignition, gasoline-fueled engines, as well as in diesel engines.
Note 1—Companion test methods used to evaluate engine oil performance for specification requirements are discussed in SAE J304.
1.2 The values stated in SI or other units shall be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.3This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Oct-2005
ICS
75.100 - Lubricants, industrial oils and related products
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.B0 - Automotive Lubricants
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D6984-05 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence IIIF, Spark-Ignition Engine
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005
Replaced By
ASTM D6984-06 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence IIIF, Spark-Ignition Engine
Effective Date
01-May-2006
Referred By
ASTM D7320-18e1 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence IIIG, Spark-Ignition Engine
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005
Referred By
ASTM D4485-22e1 - Standard Specification for Performance of Active API Service Category Engine Oils
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005
Referred By
ASTM D5704-22a - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of the Thermal and Oxidative Stability of Lubricating Oils Used for Manual Transmissions and Final Drive Axles
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005
Referred By
ASTM D8074-22 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in DD13 Diesel Engine
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005
Referred By
ASTM D8291-23 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Performance of Automotive Engine Oils in the Mitigation of Low-Speed, Preignition in the Sequence IX Gasoline Turbocharged Direct-Injection, Spark-Ignition Engine
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005

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ASTM D6984-05a - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence IIIF, Spark-Ignition EngineASTM D6984-05a - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence IIIF, Spark-Ignition Engine
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ASTM D6984-05a - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence IIIF, Spark-Ignition Engine
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation: D 6984 – 05a
Standard Test Method for
Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence IIIF,
1
Spark-Ignition Engine
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6984; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This test method described can be used by any properly equipped laboratory; it does not require the
2
assistance of anyone outside that laboratory. However, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC)
provides reference oils and an assessment of the test results obtained on those oils by the laboratory
(seeAnnexA1). By these means, the laboratory will know whether their use of the test method gives
results statistically similar to those obtained by other laboratories. Furthermore, various agencies
requirethatalaboratoryutilizetheTMCservicesinseekingqualificationofoilsagainstspecifications.
For example, the U.S. Army imposes such a requirement in connection with several Army engine
lubricating oil specifications.
Accordingly, this test method is written for use by laboratories that utilize the TMC services.
Laboratories that choose not to use those services may simply ignore those portions of the test method
that refer to the TMC.
This test method may be modified by means of Information Letters issued by theTMC. In addition,
the TMC may issue supplementary memoranda related to the test method (see A1.8).
1. Scope priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory requirements prior to use.
1.1 This test method covers an engine test procedure for
1.4 This test method is arranged as follows:
evaluating automotive engine oils for certain high-temperature
Subject Section
performance characteristics, including oil thickening, varnish
Scope 1
deposition, oil consumption, as well as engine wear. Such oils
Referenced Documents 2
include both single viscosity grade and multiviscosity grade
Terminology 3
Summary of Test Method 4
oils that are used in both spark-ignition, gasoline-fueled
Significance and Use 5
engines, as well as in diesel engines.
Apparatus 6
Laboratory 6.1
NOTE 1—Companion test methods used to evaluate engine oil perfor-
Drawings 6.2
mance for specification requirements are discussed in SAE J304.
Specified Equipment 6.3
Test Engine 6.4
1.2 The values stated in SI or other units are to be regarded
Engine Parts 6.4.1
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided
Engine Speed and Load Control 6.5
Sequence IIIF Fluid Conditioning Module 6.6
for information only.
Engine Cooling System 6.6.1
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Flushing Tank 6.7
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Coolant Mixing Tank 6.8
Condenser Cooling Systems 6.9
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Engine Oil-Cooling System 6.10
Fuel System 6.11
Induction Air Supply Humidity, Temperature, and Pressure 6.12
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Temperature Measurement 6.13
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
Thermocouple Location 6.13.1
D02.B0 on Automotive Lubricants. Air-to-Fuel Ratio Determination 6.14
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2005. Published December 2005. Originally Injector Flow Testing 6.14.1
Exhaust and Exhaust Back Pressure Systems 6.15
approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D 6984–05.
2
Blowby Flow Rate Measurement 6.16
Until the next revision of this test method, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center
Pressure Measurement and Sensor Location 6.17
will update changes in the test method by means of information letters. Information
Reagents and Materials 7
lettersmaybeobtainedfromtheASTMTestMonitoringCenter,6555PennAvenue,
Test Fuel 7.1
Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489. Attention: Administrator. www.astmtmc.cmu.edu. This
Engine and Condenser Coolant 7.2
edition incorporates revisions contained in all information letters through 05–1.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D 6984 – 05a
Subject Section Subject Section
Coolant Additive 7.3 Pressure 10.8.4
Coolant Preparation 7.4 Flow 10.8.5
Pre-Test Cleaning Materials 7.5 Speed 10.8.6
Sealing and Anti-seize Compounds 7.6 Load 10.8.7
Test Oil Sample Requirements 8 Measurement Resolution 10.8.8
Preparation of Apparatus 9 System Time Response 10.8.9
Condenser Cleaning 9.1 Quality Index 10.8.10
Intake Manifold Cleaning 9.3 Engine Operating Procedure 11
Cleaning of
...

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5.1 This test method can be used to determine wear properties and coefficient of friction of lubricating greases at selected temperatures and loads specified for use in applications where high-speed vibrational or start-stop motions are present for extended periods of time under initial high Hertzian point contact pressures. This test method has found application in qualifying lubricating greases used in constant velocity joints of front-wheel-drive automobiles and for lubricating greases used in roller bearings. Users of this test method should determine whether results correlate with field performance or other applications.
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4.1 This practice is intended to help users, particularly power plant operators, maintain effective control over their mineral lubricating oils and lubrication monitoring program. This practice may be used to perform oil changes based on oil condition and test results rather than on the basis of service time or calendar time. It is intended to save operating and maintenance expenses.  
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Note 1: Other types of synthetic lubricants are sometimes used but are not addressed in this practice because they represent only a small fraction of the fluids in use. Users of these fluids should consult the manufacturer to determine recommended monitoring practices.  
1.2 This practice does not cover the monitoring of lubricating oil for steam and gas turbines. Rather, it is intended to complement Practice D4378.  
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Standard Test Method for Low-Temperature Viscosity of Automatic Transmission Fluids, Hydraulic Fluids, and Lubricants using a Rotational Viscometer

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5.1 The low-temperature, low-shear-rate viscosity of automatic transmission fluids, gear oils, torque and tractor fluids, and industrial and automotive hydraulic oils (see Appendix X4) are of considerable importance to the proper operation of many mechanical devices. Measurement of the viscometric properties of these oils and fluids at low temperatures is often used to specify their acceptance for service. This test method is used in a number of specifications.  
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5.3 Procedures A, B, C, and D of this test method describe how to measure apparent viscosity directly without the errors associated with earlier techniques that extrapolated experimental viscometric data obtained at higher temperatures.
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1.4.1 The viscosity data used for the precision studies for Procedures A, B, and C covered a range from 300 mPa·s to 170 000 mPa·s at test temperatures of –12 °C, –26 °C, and –40 °C. Appendix X5 includes precision data for –55 °C test temperature and includes samples with viscosities greater 500 000 mPa·s.  
1.4.2 The viscosity data used for Procedure D precision study was from 6400 mPa·s to 256 000 mPa·s at test temperatures of –26 °C and –40 °C.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement ar...

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5.1 The bromine number is useful as a measure of aliphatic unsaturation in petroleum samples. When used in conjunction with the calculation procedure described in Annex A2, it can be used to estimate the percentage of olefins in petroleum distillates boiling up to approximately 315 °C (600 °F).  
5.2 The bromine number of commercial aliphatic monoolefins provides supporting evidence of their purity and identity.
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Note 1: These limits are imposed since the precision of this test method has been determined only up to or within the range of these bromine numbers.  
1.2 The magnitude of the bromine number is an indication of the quantity of bromine-reactive constituents, not an identification of constituents; therefore, its application as a measure of olefinic unsaturation should not be undertaken without the study given in Annex A1.  
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Standard Practice for Condition Monitoring of In-Service Lubricants by Trend Analysis Using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectrometry

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5.1 Periodic sampling and analysis of lubricants have long been used as a means to determine overall machinery health. Atomic emission (AE) and atomic absorption (AA) spectroscopy are often employed for wear metal analysis (for example, Test Method D5185). A number of physical property tests complement wear metal analysis and are used to provide information on lubricant condition (for example, Test Methods D445, D2896, and D6304). Molecular analysis of lubricants and hydraulic fluids by FT-IR spectroscopy produces direct information on molecular species of interest, including additives, fluid breakdown products and external contaminants, and thus complements wear metal and other analyses used in a condition monitoring program (1, 2-6).
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1.2 This practice is based on trending and distribution response analysis from mid-infrared absorption measurements. While calibration to generate physical concentration units may be possible, it is unnecessary or impractical in many cases. Warning or alarm limits (the point where maintenance action on a machine being monitored is recommended or required) can be determined through statistical analysis, history of the same or similar equipment, round robin tests or other methods in conjunction with correlation to equipment performance. These warning or alarm limits can be a fixed maximum or minimum value for comparison to a single measurement or can also be based on a rate of change of the response measured (1) .2 This practice describes distributions but does not preclude using rate-of-change warnings and alarms.
Note 1: It is not the intent of this practice to establish or recommend normal, cautionary, warning or alert limits for any machinery. Such limits should be established in conjunction with advice and guidance from the machinery manufacturer and maintenance group.  
1.3 Spectra and distribution profiles presented herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as representing or establishing lubricant or machinery guidelines.  
1.4 This practice is designed as a fast, simple spectroscopic check for condition monitoring of in-service lubricants and can be used to assist in the determination of general machinery health through measurement of properties observable in the mid-infrared spectrum such as water, oil oxidation, and others as noted in 1.1. The infrared data generated by this practice is typically used in conjunction with other testing methods. For example, infrared spectroscopy cannot determine wear metal levels or any other type of elemental analysis. The practice as presented is not intended for the prediction of lubricant physical properties (for example, viscosity, total base number, total acid number, etc.). This practice is designed for monitoring in-service lubricants and can aid in the determination of general machinery health and is not designed for the analysis of lubricant composition, lubricant performance or additive package formulations.  
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5.1 Some engine oil formulations have been shown to lack compatibility with certain elastomers used for seals in automotive engines. These deleterious effects on the elastomer are greatest with new engine oils (that is, oils that have not been exposed to an engine’s operating environment) and when the exposure is at elevated temperatures.  
5.2 This test method requires that non-reference oil(s) be tested in parallel with a reference oil known to be aggressive for some parameters under service conditions. This relative  compatibility permits decisions on the anticipated or predicted performance of the non-reference oil in service.  
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1.1 This test method covers quantitative procedures for the evaluation of the compatibility of automotive engine oils with several reference elastomers typical of those used in the sealing materials in contact with these oils. Compatibility is evaluated by determining the changes in volume, Durometer A hardness, and tensile properties when the elastomer specimens are immersed in the oil for a specified time and temperature.  
1.2 Effective sealing action requires that the physical properties of elastomers used for any seal have a high level of resistance to the liquid or oil in which they are immersed. When such a high level of resistance exists, the elastomer is said to be compatible with the liquid or oil.
Note 1: The user of this test method should be proficient in the use of Test Methods D412 (tensile properties), D471 (effect of rubber immersion in liquids), D2240 (Durometer hardness), and D5662 (gear oil compatibility with typical oil seal elastomers), all of which are involved in the execution of the operations of this test method.  
1.3 This test method provides a preliminary or first order evaluation of oil/elastomer compatibility only. Because seals might be subjected to static or dynamic loads, or both, and they can operate over a range of conditions, a complete evaluation of the potential sealing performance of any elastomer-oil combination in any service condition usually requires tests additional to those described in this test method.  
1.4 The several reference elastomer formulations specified in this test method were chosen to be representative of those used in both heavy-duty diesel engines (detailed in Annex A1) and passenger-car spark-ignition engines (the latter are covered in Annex A2). The procedures described in this test method can, however, also be used to evaluate the compatibility of automotive engine oils with different elastomer types/formulations or different test durations and temperatures to those employed in this test method.
Note 2: In such cases, the precision and bias statement in Section 12 does not apply. In addition to agreeing acceptable limits of precision, where relevant, the user and supplier should also agree:  (1) test temperatures and immersion times to be used; (2) the formulations and typical properties of the elastomers; and (3) the sourcing and quality control of the elastomer sheets.
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Standard Test Method for Determination of Glycol for In-Service Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Some glycol/antifreeze dilution of in-service engine oil is normal under typical operating conditions. However, excessive glycol dilution can lead to decreased performance, premature wear, or sudden engine failure. This test method provides a means of quantifying the level of glycol based antifreeze dilution, allowing the user to take necessary action.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of glycol based antifreeze for in-service engine oil by derivative headspace/gas chromatography.  
1.2 Sample is derivatized in-situ directly in a headspace sampling vial prior to vapor phase extraction and injection into a gas chromatograph.  
1.3 The chemistry of the derivatization is unique to the detection of the molecules of ethylene glycol and 1,2-propylene glycol. 1,3-propylene glycol could also be detected but is not used in any known anti-freeze at this time. Other coolant analyses are beyond the scope of this test method.  
1.4 The derivatization process does not affect glycol breakdown products such as glycolate and formate and hence the presence of these compounds in the oil will not be quantified.  
1.5 The test method concentration range is from 50 µg/g to 1000 µg/g. Lower levels are possible by method modifications. Higher levels are possible through sample dilution.  
1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
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  • Standard
    8 pages
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ASTM
ASTM D7918-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Flow Properties and Evaluation of Wear, Contaminants, and Oxidative Properties of Lubricating Grease by Die Extrusion Method and Preparation

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Trending the wear, contamination, consistency, and oxidative properties of a lubricating grease is a crucial part of condition-monitoring programs. Changes in these properties or deviations from the new grease can be indicative of problems within the lubricated component, such as the mixing of incompatible thickener types, excessive wear or contaminant levels, or significant depletion of antioxidant levels. These test methods also makes it possible to develop trends that can be used to predict failures before they occur and allow for corrective action to be taken.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination and evaluation of flow properties, wear levels, contaminants, and oxidative condition of new and in-service lubricating grease.  
1.2 This test method provides guidance on evaluating in-service grease samples, NLGI grades 00 to 3, for wear, consistency, contamination, and oxidation.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3.1 Exception—The exception to this will be where units of references were developed by the developers of the test equipment and necessary to report the results of the test.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    9 pages
    English language
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  • Standard
    9 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off