ASTM D5590-00(2005)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining the Resistance of Paint Films and Related Coatings to Fungal Defacement by Accelerated Four-Week Agar Plate Assay
Standard Test Method for Determining the Resistance of Paint Films and Related Coatings to Fungal Defacement by Accelerated Four-Week Agar Plate Assay
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Defacement of paint and coating films by fungal growth (mold, mildew) is a common phenomenon, and defacement by algal growth can also occur under certain conditions. It is generally known that differences in the environment, lighting, temperature, humidity, substrate pH, and other factors in addition to the coating composition affect the susceptibility of a given painted surface. This test method attempts to provide a means to comparatively evaluate different coating formulations for their relative performance under a given set of conditions. It does not imply that a coating that resists growth under these conditions will necessarily resist growth in the actual application.
Note 1—It is hoped that a ranking of relative performance would be similar to that ranked from outdoor exposures. However, this test method should not be used as a replacement for exterior exposure (that is, Practice D 3456) since many other factors, only a few of which are listed will affect those results.
Note 2—Several companies have reported reasonable correlation of results from this test with actual use when testing film-forming, pigmented coatings. Round-robin testing of this test method versus exterior exposure is planned.
Familiarity with microbiological techniques is required. This test method should not be used by persons without at least basic microbiological training.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers an accelerated method for determining the relative resistance of two or more paints or coating films to fungal growth.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation:D5590–00(Reapproved2005)
Standard Test Method for
Determining the Resistance of Paint Films and Related
Coatings to Fungal Defacement by Accelerated Four-Week
Agar Plate Assay
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5590; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D5031 Practice for Enclosed Carbon-Arc ExposureTests of
Paint and Related Coatings
1.1 This test method covers an accelerated method for
G21 Practice for Determining Resistance of Synthetic Poly-
determining the relative resistance of two or more paints or
meric Materials to Fungi
coating films to fungal growth.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3. Summary of Test Method
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
3.1 This test method outlines a procedure to (1) prepare a
only.
suitable specimen for testing, (2) inoculate the specimen with
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
the proper fungal species, (3) expose the inoculated samples
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
under the appropriate conditions for growth, and (4) provide a
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
schedule and guidelines for visual growth ratings. This test
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
method is not designed to include all the necessary procedures
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
to maintain the proper microbiological techniques required to
2. Referenced Documents provide the most accurate results.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4. Significance and Use
D822 Practice for Filtered Open-Flame Carbon-Arc Expo-
4.1 Defacement of paint and coating films by fungal growth
sures of Paint and Related Coatings
(mold, mildew) is a common phenomenon, and defacement by
D3273 Test Method for Resistance to Growth of Mold on
algal growth can also occur under certain conditions. It is
the Surface of Interior Coatings in an Environmental
generally known that differences in the environment, lighting,
Chamber
temperature, humidity, substrate pH, and other factors in
D3456 Practice for Determining by Exterior ExposureTests
addition to the coating composition affect the susceptibility of
the Susceptibility of Paint Films to MicrobiologicalAttack
a given painted surface. This test method attempts to provide a
D4141 Practice for Conducting Black Box and Solar Con-
meanstocomparativelyevaluatedifferentcoatingformulations
centrating Exposures of Coatings
for their relative performance under a given set of conditions.
D4587 Practice for Fluorescent UV-Condensation Expo-
It does not imply that a coating that resists growth under these
sures of Paint and Related Coatings
conditions will necessarily resist growth in the actual applica-
tion.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
NOTE 1—It is hoped that a ranking of relative performance would be
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
similar to that ranked from outdoor exposures. However, this test method
Subcommittee D01.28 Biodeterioration.
should not be used as a replacement for exterior exposure (that is, Practice
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2005. Published February 2006. Originally
D3456) since many other factors, only a few of which are listed will affect
approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D5590 – 00. DOI:
those results.
10.1520/D5590-00R05.
2 NOTE 2—Several companies have reported reasonable correlation of
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
resultsfromthistestwithactualusewhentestingfilm-forming,pigmented
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
coatings. Round-robin testing of this test method versus exterior exposure
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. is planned.
Copyright ©ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA19428-2959, United States.
D5590–00 (2005)
4.2 Familiarity with microbiological techniques is required. according to the instructions using standard microbiological
This test method should not be used by persons without at least techniques and equipment.
basic microbiological training.
7. Preparation of the Fungal Spore Inocula
5. Apparatus and Materials 7.1 Fungal Cultures—Use the following test fungi in pre-
, , ,
5 6 7 8
paring the inocula:
5.1 Balance, capable of weighing to 0.10 g.
5 7
Fungi ATCC # MYCO #
5.2 Incubator, or other device capable of maintaining a
Aspergillus niger 6275 .
constant temperature between 25 and 30°C, relative humidity
Penicillium funiculosum 11797 391
of#85 %.
Aureobasidium pullulans 9348 .
5.3 Refrigerator, or other device capable of maintaining a
NOTE 3—Other organisms may be of specific interest for certain
temperature of 4 6 2°C.
applications or geographical areas. Such other pure cultures, or isolated
5.4 Petri Dishes, 100 by 15 mm (3.9 by 0.6 in.). wild strains, may be used as agreed upon by the parties involved. These
organisms were selected based on the historical data from use in Test
5.5 Autoclave, capable of producing 103 kPa (15 psi) of
Method D3273.
steam pressure at 121°C and maintaining it for a minimum of
7.2 Maintain stock cultures of these fungi separately on an
15 min. An autoclave is not necessary if pre-prepared media
appropriate medium such as potato dextrose agar plates or
plates are used.
1 3
slants. The stock culture may be kept for not more than 4
5.6 Paint Brush, coarse bristle, 12 to 19 mm ( ⁄2 to ⁄4 in.).
months at approximately 3 to 10°C (37 to 50°F). Subculture
5.7 Substrate, Filter Paper (Glass fiber, Grade 391, 4.2 cm
individual fungi onto slants or plates 7 to 20 days at 28 to 30°C
(1.65 in.)) or drawdown paper (unlaquered chart paper 216 by
(82 to 86°F) prior to each experiment, and use these subcul-
280 mm (8.5 by 11 in.), cut into ten 216 by 28-mm (8.5 by
tures in preparing the spore suspension.
1.1-in. strips).
7.3 Prepare a spore suspension of each of the test fungi by
5.8 Atomizer or Chromatography Sprayer.
pouring into one subculture of each fungus a sterile 10-mL
5.9 Sterile Glass Rods, Forceps, 250-mL Glass Erlenmeyer
portion of water, or of a sterile solution containing 0.05 g/L of
Flasks, Test Tubes, and other routine microbiological equip-
a nontoxic wetting agent such as sodium dioctylsulfosuccinate.
ment.
Swirl or gently agitate the slant or plate to loosen the spores.
5.10 Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) or Malt Agar.
Carefully aspirate the water and spore suspension with a sterile
5.11 Nutrient-Salts Agar. (see Practice G21, 6.3.)
pasteur pipet (trying to avoid obtaining mycelia).
5.12 Nutrient-Salts Solution, (see 5.11 without agar).
7.4 Check the collected spore suspension under the micro-
5.13 Counting Chamber (Hemocytometer).
scope for mycelial contamination and make a note of the
6. Reagents and Materials
relative populations of spores versus mycelial forms.
7.5 Dilute the spores suspension with sterile nutrient salts
6.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals should be
solutionsuchthattheresultantsporesuspensioncontains0.8to
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
1.2 by 10 spores/mL as determined with a counting chamber.
all reagents should conform to the specifications of the
7.6 Repeat this operation for each organism used in the test.
Committee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical
The A. pullulans spores should be maintained separately and
Society, where such specifications are available. Other grades
used as a separate inoculum for a separate set of plates and
may be used, provided they are first ascertained to be of
samples. Blend equal volumes of the remaining organisms’
sufficiently high purity to permit use without decreasing the
resultant spore suspensions to obtain the mixed spore suspen-
accuracy of the determination.
sion.
6.2 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, references
7.7 Thesporesuspensionmaybepreparedfresheachdayor
to water are understood to mean distilled water or water of
may be held in the refrigerator at 3 to 10°C (37 to 50°F) for not
equal or higher purity.
more than 4 days.
6.3 PDAor MaltAgar plates can be purchased prepared, or
the PDAand MaltAgar powder can be purchased and prepared
The sole source of supply of Aspergillus niger and Aureobasidium pullulans
strains known to the committee at this time is theAmericanType Culture Collection
Pre-prepared plates are available from microbiological supply companies, or (ATCC), 12301 Parklawn Drive, Rockville, MD, 20852.
they may be prepared using standard microbiological equipment and techniques. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to
Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, American ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consider-
Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not ation at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend.
listed by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for Laboratory The sole source of supply of Penicillium funiculosum strain known to the
Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia committee at this time is the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), 12301
and National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville, Parklawn Drive, Rockville, MD, 20852.
MD. Histo
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