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ASTM D4359-90(2012)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Determining Whether a Material Is a Liquid or a Solid

Standard Test Method for Determining Whether a Material Is a Liquid or a Solid

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Compliance with regulations often requires the determination of whether a material is a liquid or a solid. A similar test is used by the U.S. Department of Transportation for this purpose.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of whether a viscous material is a liquid or a solid for regulatory purposes.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-May-2012
ICS
87.040 - Paints and varnishes
Technical Committee
D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
Drafting Committee
D01.21 - Chemical Analysis of Paints and Paint Materials
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D4359-90(2006) - Standard Test Method for Determining Whether a Material Is a Liquid or a Solid
Effective Date
01-Jun-2012
Replaced By
ASTM D4359-90(2019) - Standard Test Method for Determining Whether a Material Is a Liquid or a Solid
Effective Date
01-Jul-2019
Referred By
ASTM F3159-15(2022) - Standard Safety Specification for Liquid Laundry Packets
Effective Date
01-Jun-2012
Referred By
ASTM F3429/F3429M-23 - Standard Specification for Performance of Flame Mitigation Devices Installed in Disposable and Pre-Filled Flammable Liquid Containers
Effective Date
01-Jun-2012
Referred By
ASTM F3363-19 - Standard Specification for Unvented Liquid/Gel Fuel-Burning Portable Devices
Effective Date
01-Jun-2012
Referred By
ASTM E3277-23 - Standard Test Method for Determining the Liquid or Solid State of a Material by Rheometry
Effective Date
01-Jun-2012
Referred By
ASTM D7887-20 - Standard Guide for Selection of Substitute, Non-hazardous, Liquid Filling Substances for Packagings Subjected to the United Nations Performance Tests
Effective Date
01-Jun-2012
Referred By
ASTM D4919-23 - Standard Guide for Testing of Hazardous Materials (Dangerous Goods) Packagings
Effective Date
01-Jun-2012

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ASTM D4359-90(2012) - Standard Test Method for Determining Whether a Material Is a Liquid or a SolidASTM D4359-90(2012) - Standard Test Method for Determining Whether a Material Is a Liquid or a Solid
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ASTM D4359-90(2012) - Standard Test Method for Determining Whether a Material Is a Liquid or a Solid
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D4359 − 90 (Reapproved 2012)
Standard Test Method for
Determining Whether a Material Is a Liquid or a Solid
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4359; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 5.2 Oven, maintained at a temperature of 38°C (100°F).
1.1 This test method covers the determination of whether a 5.3 Tripod or Ring Stand.
viscous material is a liquid or a solid for regulatory purposes.
5.4 Watchglass, tared.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
5.5 Stopwatch.
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
only. 5.6 Ruler.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
6. Sampling
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
6.1 Using standard sampling techniques, secure a represen-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
tative sample from the lot or batch being tested, in accordance
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
with Practices D3925 or E300.
2. Referenced Documents
7. Test Specimen
2.1 ASTM Standards:
7.1 If the sample is supplied in a friction top quart can that
D3925 Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and Related
is at least 85 % full, use the can and material as supplied.
Pigmented Coatings
7.2 If not, place the material to be tested into the quart can,
E300 Practice for Sampling Industrial Chemicals
filling it to at least 85 % and allowing enough ullage for
3. Summary of Test Method expansion of the material without displacement of the cover.
Tightly close the can so that no vapor escapes.
3.1 The material under test is held at 38°C (100°F) in a
tightlyclosedcan.Thelidisremovedandthecaninverted.The
NOTE 1—The can is considered 85 % filled when the material level is
flow of the material from the can is observed to determine no more than 20 mm ( ⁄4 in.) below the lip of the can.
whether it is a solid or a liquid.
8. Procedure
4. Significance and Use
8.1 Place the can with the material in an oven maintained at
4.1 Compliance with regulations often requires the determi-
38 6 3°C (100 6 5°F). Allow the contents of the can to come
nation of whether a material is a liquid or a solid.Asimilar test
to temperature equilibrium (18 to 24 h).
is used by the U.S. Department of Transportation for this
8.2 Place the tripod or ring stand on a level surface.
purpose.
8.3 After the material has come to temperature equilibrium
5. Apparatus
take the can from the oven and immediately remove the lid.
With the ruler, measure the distance from the surface of the
5.1 Paint Can, 1 L (1 quart), with lid, diameter approxi-
1 3
material to the top of the lip of the can and record.
mately 108 mm (4 ⁄4 in.), height 120 mm (4 ⁄4 in.).
8.4 Invert the can onto the tripod or ring stand in a vertical
position over the tared watchglass. If a skin has formed on the
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
surfaceofthematerial,breaktheskinpriortoinvertingthecan.
and Related Coatings, Materials, andA
...

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5.1 As the brush drag of a paint increases, any natural tendency on the part of the painter to overspread the paint is reduced. When all other factors are held constant, increased brush drag will result in greater film thickness with consequent improvement in durability and hiding. Conversely, sometimes it might be preferred to have a lesser degree of brush drag for easier application (that is, the amount of time and effort in applying a paint to a specific area is reduced with a lesser degree of brush drag).  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method is a standardized brushout procedure for comparing the brush drag of architectural type solvent-borne paints.  
1.2 With slight modifications this test method is also applicable to solvent-borne paints.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Coatings attached to substrates are subjected to damaging impacts during the manufacture of articles and their use in service. In its use over many years, this test method for impact resistance has been found to be useful in predicting the performance of organic coatings for their ability to resist cracking caused by impacts.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for rapidly deforming by impact a coating film and its substrate and for evaluating the effect of such deformation.  
1.2 This test method should be restricted to testing in only one laboratory when numerical values are used because of the poor reproducibility of the method. Interlaboratory agreement is improved when ranking is used in place of numerical values.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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