ASTM C297/C297M-04(2010)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Flatwise Tensile Strength of Sandwich Constructions
Standard Test Method for Flatwise Tensile Strength of Sandwich Constructions
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
In a sandwich panel, core-to-facing bond integrity is necessary to maintain facing stability and permit load transfer between the facings and core. This test method can be used to provide information on the strength and quality of core-to-facing bonds. It can also be used to produce flatwise tensile strength data for the core material. While it is primarily used as a quality control test for bonded sandwich panels, it can also be used to produce flatwise tensile strength data for structural design properties, material specifications, and research and development applications.
Factors that influence the flatwise tensile strength and shall therefore be reported include the following: facing material, core material, adhesive material, methods of material fabrication, facing stacking sequence and overall thickness, core geometry (cell size), core density, adhesive thickness, specimen geometry, specimen preparation, specimen conditioning, environment of testing, specimen alignment, loading procedure, speed of testing, facing void content, adhesive void content, and facing volume percent reinforcement. Properties that may be derived from this test method include flatwise tensile strength.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the flatwise tensile strength of the core, the core-to-facing bond, or the facing of an assembled sandwich panel. Permissible core material forms include those with continuous bonding surfaces (such as balsa wood and foams) as well as those with discontinuous bonding surfaces (such as honeycomb).
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation: C297/C297M − 04(Reapproved 2010)
Standard Test Method for
1
Flatwise Tensile Strength of Sandwich Constructions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C297/C297M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope D3878 Terminology for Composite Materials
D5229/D5229M TestMethodforMoistureAbsorptionProp-
1.1 This test method determines the flatwise tensile strength
erties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Matrix
of the core, the core-to-facing bond, or the facing of an
Composite Materials
assembled sandwich panel. Permissible core material forms
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
include those with continuous bonding surfaces (such as balsa
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
wood and foams) as well as those with discontinuous bonding
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,With
surfaces (such as honeycomb).
Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
Lot or Process
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text the
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in
ASTM Test Methods
each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
must be used independently of the other. Combining values
E1309 Guide for Identification of Fiber-Reinforced
from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the
Polymer-Matrix Composite Materials in Databases
standard.
E1434 Guide for Recording Mechanical Test Data of Fiber-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the Reinforced Composite Materials in Databases
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
E1471 Guide for Identification of Fibers, Fillers, and Core
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- Materials in Computerized Material Property Databases
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3. Terminology
2. Referenced Documents 3.1 Definitions—Terminology D3878 defines terms relating
2 to high-modulus fibers and their composites. Terminology
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C274 defines terms relating to structural sandwich construc-
C274 Terminology of Structural Sandwich Constructions
tions. Terminology D883 defines terms relating to plastics.
D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-
Terminology E6 defines terms relating to mechanical testing.
tive Density) of Plastics by Displacement
Terminology E456 and Practice E177 define terms relating to
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
statistics.Intheeventofaconflictbetweenterms,Terminology
D2584 Test Method for Ignition Loss of Cured Reinforced
D3878 shall have precedence over the other terminologies.
Resins
D2734 TestMethodsforVoidContentofReinforcedPlastics
3.2 Symbols:
D3039/D3039M Test Method for Tensile Properties of Poly-
A = cross-sectional area of a test specimen
mer Matrix Composite Materials
CV = coefficient of variation statistic of a sample population
D3171 Test Methods for Constituent Content of Composite
for a given property (in percent)
Materials
ftu
F = ultimate flatwise tensile strength
z
P = maximum force carried by test specimen before
max
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on
failure
Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.09 on
Sandwich Construction.
S = standard deviation statistic of a sample population for
n-1
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010. Published December 2010. Originally
a given property
approved in 1952. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as C297/C297M – 04.
DOI: 10.1520/C0297_C0297M-04R10. x = test result for an individual specimen from the sample
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2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
population for a given property
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
x¯ = mean or average (estimate of mean) of a sample popu-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. lation for a given property
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C297/C297M − 04 (2010)
4. Summary of Test Method 6.3 Geometry—Specific geometric factors that affect sand-
wich flatwise tensile str
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