ASTM D8049-21

Standard Test Method for Determining Concentration, Count, and Size Distribution of Solid Particles and Water in Light and Middle Distillate Fuels by Direct Imaging Analyzer

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is intended for use in the laboratory or in the field for evaluating the cleanliness of fuels identified in the scope.  
5.2 Detection of particles and water can indicate degradation of the fuel condition. Particles, whether inorganic or organic, can cause fouling of fuel filters and damage pumps, injectors, and pistons. Knowledge of particle size in relation to metallurgy can provide vital information, especially if the hardness of the solid particles are known from other sources.
Note 3: The method includes the detection of water, solids, and air bubbles. The air bubbles are screened out of the data prior to analysis of results, based on shape and transparency, and are not reported in the results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method uses a direct imaging analyzer to count and measure the size and shape of dispersed solid particles and water droplets in light and middle distillate fuels in the overall range from 4 μm to 100 μm and in size bands of ≥4 μm, ≥6 μm, and ≥14 μm.
Note 1: Particle size data from 0.7 μm through 300 μm is available for use or reporting if deemed helpful.
Note 2: Shape is used to classify particles, droplets, and bubbles and is not a reporting requirement.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Apr-2021
• ICS: 75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.14 - Stability, Cleanliness and Compatibility of Liquid Fuels

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D8049 − 21
Standard Test Method for
Determining Concentration, Count, and Size Distribution of
Solid Particles and Water in Light and Middle Distillate
1
Fuels by Direct Imaging Analyzer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8049; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
Petroleum Products
1.1 This test method uses a direct imaging analyzer to count
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
and measure the size and shape of dispersed solid particles and
Fuels, and Lubricants
water droplets in light and middle distillate fuels in the overall
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
rangefrom4 µmto100 µmandinsizebandsof≥4 µm,≥6 µm,
Petroleum Products
and ≥14 µm.
D4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for
NOTE 1—Particle size data from 0.7 µm through 300 µm is available for
Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
use or reporting if deemed helpful.
NOTE 2—Shape is used to classify particles, droplets, and bubbles and
F658 Practice for Calibration of a Liquid-Borne Particle
is not a reporting requirement.
Counter Using an Optical System Based Upon Light
3
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as Extinction (Withdrawn 2007)
4
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
2.2 ISO Standard:
standard.
ISO 11171 Hydraulic Fluid Power—Calibration of Auto-
matic Particle Counters for Liquids
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ISO 12103-1 Road Vehicles—Test Contaminants for Filter
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Evaluation—Part 1: Arizona Test Dust
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
SRM 2806 (ISO Medium Test Dust in Hydraulic Oil): A
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
Particle-contamination Standard Reference Material for
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
the Fluid Power Industry
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
5
2.3 MIL Standard:
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the MIL-PRF-5606 Hydraulic Fluid, Petroleum Base; Aircraft,
Missile and Ordinance
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3. Terminology
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer to
2. Referenced Documents
Terminology D4175.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
D2276 Test Method for Particulate Contaminant inAviation
3.2.1 air bubble, n—non-fuel, gaseous formations within
Fuel by Line Sampling
the fuel, generally spherical in shape and visible as a heavy
D3240 Test Method for Undissolved Water In Aviation
wall ring due to the diffraction of light around and through
Turbine Fuels
them.
3.2.2 droplet, n—non-fuel liquid formations within the fuel,
generally spherical in shape and visible as a thin wall ring due
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
to the diffraction of light around and through them.
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.14 on Stability, Cleanliness and Compatibility of Liquid Fuels.
Current edition approved May 1, 2021. Published June 2021. Originally
3
approved in 2016. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as D8049 – 19a. DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/D8049-21. www.astm.org.
2 4
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
5
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on For referenced MIL standards, visit the Defense Logistics Agency, Document
the ASTM website. Services website at http://quicksearch.dla.mil
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D8049 − 21
6
3.2.3 major particle diameter µm, n—the maximum two- 6. Ap
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D8049 − 19a D8049 − 21
Standard Test Method for
Determining Concentration, Count, and Size Distribution of
Solid Particles and Water in Light and Middle Distillate
1
Fuels by Direct Imaging Analyzer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8049; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method uses a direct imaging analyzer to count and measure the size and shape of dispersed solid particles and water
droplets in light and middle distillate fuels in the overall range from 4 μm to 100 μm and in size bands of ≥4 μm, ≥6 μm, and
≥14 μm.
NOTE 1—Particle size data from 0.7 μm through 300 μm is available for use or reporting if deemed helpful.
NOTE 2—Shape is used to classify particles, droplets, and bubbles and is not a reporting requirement.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D2276 Test Method for Particulate Contaminant in Aviation Fuel by Line Sampling
D3240 Test Method for Undissolved Water In Aviation Turbine Fuels
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
F658 Practice for Calibration of a Liquid-Borne Particle Counter Using an Optical System Based Upon Light Extinction
3
(Withdrawn 2007)
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.14 on Stability, Cleanliness and Compatibility of Liquid Fuels.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2019May 1, 2021. Published February 2020June 2021. Originally approved in 2016. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as
D8049 – 19.D8049 – 19a. DOI: 10.1520/D8049-19A.10.1520/D8049-21.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D8049 − 21
4
2.2 ISO Standard:
ISO 11171 Hydraulic Fluid Power—Calibration of Automatic Particle Counters for Liquids
ISO 12103-1 Road Vehicles—Test Contaminants for Filter Evaluation—Part 1: Arizona Test Dust
ISO 11171SRM 2806 (ISO Medium Test Dust in Hydraulic Oil): Hydraulic Fluid Power—Calibration of Automatic Particle
Counters for LiquidsA Particle-contamination Standard Reference Material for the Fluid Power Industry
5
2.3 MIL Standard:
MIL-PRF-5606 Hydraulic Fluid, Petroleum Base; Aircraft, Missile and Ordinance
3. Terminology
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer to Terminology D4175.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 air bubble, n—non-fuel, gaseous formations within the fuel, generally spherical in shape and visible as a heavy wall ring
due to the diffraction of light around and through them.
3.2.2 droplet, n—non-fuel liquid formations within the fuel, generally spherical in shape and visible as a thin wall ring due to the
diffraction of light around and through them.
3.2.3 major particle diameter μm, n—the m
...