ASTM C14-15
(Specification)Standard Specification for Nonreinforced Concrete Sewer, Storm Drain, and Culvert Pipe
Standard Specification for Nonreinforced Concrete Sewer, Storm Drain, and Culvert Pipe
ABSTRACT
This specification covers nonreinforced concrete sewer, storm drain, and culvert pipe. The pipe manufactured according to this specification shall be of three classes: Class 1, Class 2, and Class 3. The strength requirements for nonreinforced concrete pipe are specified. The concrete shall consist of cementitious material, mineral aggregates, and water. Cementitious materials are the following: cement, fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag, and allowable combinations of cementitious materials. The design of the pipe may be according to design tables or modified or special design. The following are the processes for pipe manufacturing: mixture; curing such as pipe curing, water curing, and membrane curing; and specials like shapes or fittings and fabricated branches. The following tests shall be made: strength test, absorption test, permeability test, and hydrostatic test.
SCOPE
1.1 This covers nonreinforced concrete pipe intended to be used for the conveyance of sewage, industrial wastes, storm water, and for the construction of culverts.
1.2 A complete metric companion to Specification C14 has been developed—C14M; therefore, no metric equivalents are presented in this specification.
Note 1: This specification is a manufacturing and purchase specification only and does not include requirements for bedding, backfill, or the relationship between field load conditions and the strength classification of pipe. However, experience has shown that the successful performance of this product depends upon the proper selection of the class of pipe, type of bedding and backfill, and care that the installation conforms to the construction specifications. The owner is cautioned that he must correlate the field requirements with the class of pipe specified and provide for or require inspection at the construction site.
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Designation:C14 −15
StandardSpecification for
Nonreinforced Concrete Sewer, Storm Drain, and Culvert
Pipe
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationC14;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope C989SpecificationforSlagCementforUseinConcreteand
Mortars
1.1 This covers nonreinforced concrete pipe intended to be
C1116 Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete and
used for the conveyance of sewage, industrial wastes, storm
Shotcrete
water, and for the construction of culverts.
1.2 Acomplete metric companion to Specification C14 has
3. Terminology
been developed—C14M; therefore, no metric equivalents are
3.1 Definitions—Fordefinitionsoftermsrelatingtoconcrete
presented in this specification.
pipe, see Terminology C822.
NOTE 1—This specification is a manufacturing and purchase specifica-
tion only and does not include requirements for bedding, backfill, or the
4. Classification
relationshipbetweenfieldloadconditionsandthestrengthclassificationof
4.1 Pipe manufactured according to this specification shall
pipe. However, experience has shown that the successful performance of
this product depends upon the proper selection of the class of pipe, type
be of three classes identified as “Class 1 Nonreinforced
of bedding and backfill, and care that the installation conforms to the
Concrete Pipe,” “Class 2 Nonreinforced Concrete Pipe,” and
construction specifications. The owner is cautioned that he must correlate
“Class 3 Nonreinforced Concrete Pipe.” The corresponding
the field requirements with the class of pipe specified and provide for or
strength requirements are prescribed in Table 1.
require inspection at the construction site.
2. Referenced Documents
5. Basis of Acceptance
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.1 The acceptability of the pipe shall be determined by the
C33Specification for Concrete Aggregates
resultsofthetestprescribedinthissection,whenrequired,and
C150Specification for Portland Cement
by inspection to determine whether the pipe conforms to this
C309Specification for Liquid Membrane-Forming Com-
specification as to design and freedom from defects.
pounds for Curing Concrete
5.2 Acceptance as to Strength Properties—Pipe shall be
C443 Specification for Joints for Concrete Pipe and
acceptable under the strength tests when they have met the
Manholes, Using Rubber Gaskets
requirements as prescribed in 10.3.
C494Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete
5.3 Acceptance as to Absorption Properties—Pipe shall be
C497Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections, or
acceptable under the absorption test when they have met the
Tile
requirements as prescribed in 10.4.
C595Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
C618Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined
5.4 AcceptanceastoPermeabilityProperties—Pipeshallbe
Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
acceptable under the permeability test when they have met the
C822Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related
requirements as prescribed in 10.5.
Products
NOTE 2—Prior to purchase, the owner has the option to specify the
hydrostatic test prescribed in 10.6 instead of the permeability test.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 on
Concrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.01 on 5.5 Acceptance as to Hydrostatic Properties—Pipe shall be
Non-Reinforced Concrete Sewer, Drain and Irrigation Pipe.
acceptable under the hydrostatic test when they have met the
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2015. Published January 2015. Originally
requirements as prescribed in 10.6.
approved in 1917. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as C14–14. DOI:
10.1520/C0014-15.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or 6. Materials
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
6.1 Concrete—The concrete shall consist of cementitious
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. materials, mineral aggregates, and water.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C14−15
A
TABLE 1 Physical and Dimensional Requirements for Nonreinforced Concrete Pipe
Class 1 Class 2 Class 3
Internal Designated Minimum Minimum Three-Edge Minimum Minimum Three-Edge Minimum Minimum Three-Edge
Diameter, in. Thickness of Wall, Bearing Strength, Thickness of Wall, Bearing Strength, Thickness of Wall, Bearing Strength,
in. lbf/linear ft in. lbf/linear ft in. lbf/linear ft
5 3 3
4 ⁄8 1500 ⁄4 2000 ⁄4 2400
5 3 7
6 ⁄8 1500 ⁄4 2000 ⁄8 2400
3 7 1
8 ⁄4 1500 ⁄8 2000 1 ⁄8 2400
7 1
10 ⁄8 1600 1 2000 1 ⁄4 2400
3 3
12 1 1800 1 ⁄8 2250 1 ⁄4 2600
1 5 7
15 1 ⁄4 2000 1 ⁄8 2600 1 ⁄8 2900
1 1
18 1 ⁄2 2200 2 3000 2 ⁄4 3300
3 1 3
21 1 ⁄4 2400 2 ⁄4 3300 2 ⁄4 3850
1 3
24 2 ⁄8 2600 3 3600 3 ⁄8 4400
1 3 3
27 3 ⁄4 2800 3 ⁄4 3950 3 ⁄4 4600
1 1 1
30 3 ⁄2 3000 4 ⁄4 4300 4 ⁄4 4750
3 1 1
33 3 ⁄4 3150 4 ⁄2 4400 4 ⁄2 4875
3 3
36 4 3300 4 ⁄4 4500 4 ⁄4 5000
A
Subject to tolerances in Section 11.
6.2 Cementitious Materials: the value shown, except as affected by the tolerance herein
6.2.1 Cement—Cement shall conform to the requirements specified and by the provision for modified design.
for portland cement of Specification C150 or shall be portland
7.2 Modified or Special Design—Manufacturers shall sub-
blast-furnace slag cement or slag modified portland cement, or
mit to the owner for approval, prior to manufacture, wall
portland-pozzolan cement conforming to the requirements of
thicknesses other than those shown in Table 1. Such pipe shall
Specification C595, except that the pozzolan constituent in the
meet all of the physical requirements listed in Section 10 that
Type IP portland–pozzolan cement shall be fly ash.
are specified by the owner.
6.2.2 Fly Ash—Fly ash shall conform to the requirements of
Specification C618, Class F or Class C.
8. Joints
6.2.3 Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS)—
GGBFSshallconformtotherequirementsofGrade100or120 8.1 The joints shall be of such design and the ends of the
concrete pipe sections so formed, that the pipe can be laid
of Specification C989.
6.2.4 Allowable Combinations of Cementitious Materials— together to make a continuous line of pipe compatible with the
permissible variations given in Section 11.
Thecombinationofcementitiousmaterialsusedintheconcrete
shall be one of the following:
6.2.4.1 Portland cement only, 9. Manufacture
6.2.4.2 Portland blast furnace slag cement only,
9.1 Mixture—The aggregates shall be sized, graded,
6.2.4.3 Slag modified portland cement only,
proportioned,andmixedwithsuchproportionsofcementitious
6.2.4.4 Portland pozzolan cement only,
materials, water, and admixtures, if any, to produce a thor-
6.2.4.5 A combination of portland cement and fly ash,
oughly mixed concrete of such quality that the pipe will
6.2.4.6 A combination of portland cement and ground
conform to the test and design requirements of this specifica-
granulated blast-furnace slag, or
tion. All concrete shall have a water-cementitious materials
6.2.4.7 A combination of portland cement, fly ash (not to
ratio not exceeding 0.53 by weight. Cementitious materials
exceed 25 % of the total cementitious weight) and ground
shall be as specified in 6.2 and shall be added to the mix in a
granulated blast furnace slag (not to exceed 25 % of the total
proportion not less than 470 lb/yd unless mix designs with a
cementitious weight).
lower cementitious material content demonstrate that the
6.3 Aggregates—Aggregates shall conform to Specification
quality and performance of the pipe meet the requirements of
C33, except that the requirement for gradation shall not apply.
this specification.
6.4 Admixtures and blends shall conform to Specification
9.2 Curing—Pipe shall be subjected to any one of the
C494.
methods of curing described in 9.2.1, 9.2.2, 9.2.3, 9.2.4,orto
any other method or combination of methods approved by the
6.5 Synthetic fibers and Non-Synthetic fibers shall be al-
owner that will give satisfactory results. The pipe shall be
lowedtobeused,atthemanufacturer’soption,inconcretepipe
adequately cured to obtain the strength properties as described
as a nonstructural manufacturing material. Synthetic fibers
in 5.2.
(Type II and Type III) and Non-Synthetic fiber (Type I)
9.2.1 Steam Curing—Pipe shall be placed in a curing
designedandmanufacturedspecificallyforuseinconcreteand
conformingtotherequirementsofSpecificationC1116shallbe chamber, free from outside drafts, and cured in a moist
atmosphere maintained by the injection of steam for such time
accepted.
and such temperature as needed to enable the pipe to meet the
7. Design
strength requirements. The curing chamber shall be so con-
7.1 Design Tables—Design requirements shall be in accor- structed as to allow full circulation of steam around the entire
dance with Table 1. Wall thickness used shall be not less than pipe.
C14−15
9.2.2 Water Curing—Concrete pipe shall be water-cured by for each pipe that failed, and the pipe shall be acceptable only
covering with water-saturated material or by a system of when all of these additional test pipe meet the strength
perforatedpipes,mechanicalsprinklers,poroushose,orbyany requirement.
otherapprovedmethodthatwillkeepthepipemoistduringthe
10.4 Absorption Requirement—When required by the
specified curing period.
owner, an absorption test shall be performed by either Test
9.2.3 The manufacturer is not prohibited from combining
MethodAor Test Method B in accordance with Test Methods
themethodsdescribedin9.2.1and9.2.2providedthespecified
C497 for the boiling absorption test. Absorption shall not
strength is attained.
exceed9%forTestMethodAor8.5%forTestMethodB.The
individual results of the various tests for each size of pipe for
9.2.4 Membrane Curing—A sealing membrane conforming
each shipment and plant shall be tabulated separately.All tests
to the requirements of Specification C309 is not prohibited
shall be made in accordance with Test Methods C497. The
from bein
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C14 − 14 C14 − 15
Standard Specification for
Nonreinforced Concrete Sewer, Storm Drain, and Culvert
Pipe
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C14; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This covers nonreinforced concrete pipe intended to be used for the conveyance of sewage, industrial wastes, storm water,
and for the construction of culverts.
1.2 A complete metric companion to Specification C14 has been developed—C14M; therefore, no metric equivalents are
presented in this specification.
NOTE 1—This specification is a manufacturing and purchase specification only and does not include requirements for bedding, backfill, or the
relationship between field load conditions and the strength classification of pipe. However, experience has shown that the successful performance of this
product depends upon the proper selection of the class of pipe, type of bedding and backfill, and care that the installation conforms to the construction
specifications. The owner is cautioned that he must correlate the field requirements with the class of pipe specified and provide for or require inspection
at the construction site.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C33 Specification for Concrete Aggregates
C150 Specification for Portland Cement
C309 Specification for Liquid Membrane-Forming Compounds for Curing Concrete
C443 Specification for Joints for Concrete Pipe and Manholes, Using Rubber Gaskets
C494 Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete
C497 Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections, or Tile
C595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
C618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
C822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related Products
C989 Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and Mortars
C1116 Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete and Shotcrete
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms relating to concrete pipe, see Terminology C822.
4. Classification
4.1 Pipe manufactured according to this specification shall be of three classes identified as “Class 1 Nonreinforced Concrete
Pipe,” “Class 2 Nonreinforced Concrete Pipe,” and “Class 3 Nonreinforced Concrete Pipe.” The corresponding strength
requirements are prescribed in Table 1.
5. Basis of Acceptance
5.1 The acceptability of the pipe shall be determined by the results of the test prescribed in this section, when required, and by
inspection to determine whether the pipe conforms to this specification as to design and freedom from defects.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 on Concrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.01 on Non-Reinforced
Concrete Sewer, Drain and Irrigation Pipe.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2014Jan. 1, 2015. Published February 2014January 2015. Originally approved in 1917. Last previous edition approved in 20112014 as
C14 – 11.C14 – 14. DOI: 10.1520/C0014-14.10.1520/C0014-15.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C14 − 15
A
TABLE 1 Physical and Dimensional Requirements for Nonreinforced Concrete Pipe
Class 1 Class 2 Class 3
Internal Designated Minimum Minimum Three-Edge Minimum Minimum Three-Edge Minimum Minimum Three-Edge
Diameter, in. Thickness of Wall, Bearing Strength, Thickness of Wall, Bearing Strength, Thickness of Wall, Bearing Strength,
in. lbf/linear ft in. lbf/linear ft in. lbf/linear ft
5 3 3
4 ⁄8 1500 ⁄4 2000 ⁄4 2400
5 3 7
6 ⁄8 1500 ⁄4 2000 ⁄8 2400
3 7 1
8 ⁄4 1500 ⁄8 2000 1 ⁄8 2400
7 1
10 ⁄8 1600 1 2000 1 ⁄4 2400
3 3
12 1 1800 1 ⁄8 2250 1 ⁄4 2600
1 5 7
15 1 ⁄4 2000 1 ⁄8 2600 1 ⁄8 2900
1 1
18 1 ⁄2 2200 2 3000 2 ⁄4 3300
3 1 3
21 1 ⁄4 2400 2 ⁄4 3300 2 ⁄4 3850
1 3
24 2 ⁄8 2600 3 3600 3 ⁄8 4400
1 3 3
27 3 ⁄4 2800 3 ⁄4 3950 3 ⁄4 4600
1 1 1
30 3 ⁄2 3000 4 ⁄4 4300 4 ⁄4 4750
3 1 1
33 3 ⁄4 3150 4 ⁄2 4400 4 ⁄2 4875
3 3
36 4 3300 4 ⁄4 4500 4 ⁄4 5000
A
SubjectSubject to tolerances in Section 11.
5.2 Acceptance as to Strength Properties—Pipe shall be acceptable under the strength tests when they have met the requirements
as prescribed in 10.3.
5.3 Acceptance as to Absorption Properties—Pipe shall be acceptable under the absorption test when they have met the
requirements as prescribed in 10.4.
5.4 Acceptance as to Permeability Properties—Pipe shall be acceptable under the permeability test when they have met the
requirements as prescribed in 10.5.
NOTE 2—Prior to purchase, the owner has the option to specify the hydrostatic test prescribed in 10.6 instead of the permeability test.
5.5 Acceptance as to Hydrostatic Properties—Pipe shall be acceptable under the hydrostatic test when they have met the
requirements as prescribed in 10.6.
6. Materials
6.1 Concrete—The concrete shall consist of cementitious materials, mineral aggregates, and water.
6.2 Cementitious Materials:
6.2.1 Cement—Cement shall conform to the requirements for portland cement of Specification C150 or shall be portland
blast-furnace slag cement or slag modified portland cement, or portland-pozzolan cement conforming to the requirements of
Specification C595, except that the pozzolan constituent in the Type IP portland–pozzolan cement shall be fly ash.
6.2.2 Fly Ash—Fly ash shall conform to the requirements of Specification C618, Class F or Class C.
6.2.3 Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS)—GGBFS shall conform to the requirements of Grade 100 or 120 of
Specification C989.
6.2.4 Allowable Combinations of Cementitious Materials—The combination of cementitious materials used in the concrete shall
be one of the following:
6.2.4.1 Portland cement only,
6.2.4.2 Portland blast furnace slag cement only,
6.2.4.3 Slag modified portland cement only,
6.2.4.4 Portland pozzolan cement only,
6.2.4.5 A combination of portland cement and fly ash,
6.2.4.6 A combination of portland cement and ground granulated blast-furnace slag, or
6.2.4.7 A combination of portland cement, fly ash (not to exceed 25 % of the total cementitious weight) and ground granulated
blast furnace slag (not to exceed 25 % of the total cementitious weight).
6.3 Aggregates—Aggregates shall conform to Specification C33, except that the requirement for gradation shall not apply.
6.4 Admixtures and blends shall conform to Specification C494.
6.5 Synthetic fibers and Non-Synthetic fibers shall be allowed to be used, at the manufacturer’s option, in concrete pipe as a
nonstructural manufacturing material. Synthetic fibers (Type II and Type III) and Non-Synthetic fiber (Type I) designed and
manufactured specifically for use in concrete and conforming to the requirements of Specification C1116 shall be accepted.
7. Design
7.1 Design Tables—Design requirements shall be in accordance with Table 1. Wall thickness used shall be not less than the value
shown, except as affected by the tolerance herein specified and by the provision for modified design.
C14 − 15
7.2 Modified or Special Design—Manufacturers shall submit to the owner for approval, prior to manufacture, wall thicknesses
other than those shown in Table 1. Such pipe shall meet all of the physical requirements listed in Section 10 that are specified by
the owner.
8. Joints
8.1 The joints shall be of such design and the ends of the concrete pipe sections so formed, that the pipe can be laid together
to make a continuous line of pipe compatible with the permissible variations given in Section 11.
9. Manufacture
9.1 Mixture—The aggregates shall be sized, graded, proportioned, and mixed with such proportions of cementitious materials
and water as will produce a homogeneous concrete mixture materials, water, and admixtures, if any, to produce a thoroughly mixed
concrete of such quality that the pipe will conform to the test and design requirements of this specification. All concrete shall have
a water-cementitious materials ratio not exceeding 0.53 by weight. Cementitious materials shall be as specified in 6.2 and shall
be added to the mix in a proportion not less than 470 lb/yd unless mix designs with a lower cementitious material content
demonstrate that the quality and performance of the pipe meet the requirements of this specification.
9.2 Curing—Pipe shall be subjected to any one of the methods of curing described in 9.2.1, 9.2.2, 9.2.3, 9.2.4, or to any other
method or combination of methods approved by the owner that will give satisfactory results. The pipe shall be adequately cured
to obtain the strength properties as described in 5.2.
9.2.1 Steam Curing—Pipe shall be placed in a curing chamber, free from outside drafts, and cured in a moist atmosphere
maintained by the injection of steam for such time and such temperature as needed to enable the pipe to meet the strength
requirements. The curing chamber shall be so constructed as to allow full circulation of steam around the entire pipe.
9.2.2 Water Curing—Concrete pipe shall be water-cured by covering with water-saturated material or by a system of perforated
pipes, mechanical sprinklers, porous hose, or by any other approved method that will keep the pipe moist during the specified
curing period.
9.2.3 The manufacturer is not prohibited from combining the methods described in 9.2.1 and 9.2.2 provided the specified
strength is attained.
9.2.4 Membrane Curing—A sealing membrane conforming to the requirements of Specification C309 is not prohibited from
being applied and left intact until the specified strength requirements are met. The concrete at the time of application shall be within
10°F of the atmospheric temperature. All surfaces shall be kept moist prior to the application of the compounds and shall be damp
when the compound is applied.
9.3 Specials:
9.3.1 General Requirements—Special shapes or fittings such as wyes, tees, bends, and adapters for use with concrete pipe
conforming to this speci
...
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