ASTM C14-20

Standard Specification for Nonreinforced Concrete Sewer, Storm Drain, and Culvert Pipe

ABSTRACT
This specification covers nonreinforced concrete sewer, storm drain, and culvert pipe. The pipe manufactured according to this specification shall be of three classes: Class 1, Class 2, and Class 3. The strength requirements for nonreinforced concrete pipe are specified. The concrete shall consist of cementitious material, mineral aggregates, and water. Cementitious materials are the following: cement, fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag, and allowable combinations of cementitious materials. The design of the pipe may be according to design tables or modified or special design. The following are the processes for pipe manufacturing: mixture; curing such as pipe curing, water curing, and membrane curing; and specials like shapes or fittings and fabricated branches. The following tests shall be made: strength test, absorption test, permeability test, and hydrostatic test.
SCOPE
1.1 This covers nonreinforced concrete pipe intended to be used for the conveyance of sewage, industrial wastes, storm water, and for the construction of culverts.  
1.2 A complete metric companion to Specification C14 has been developed—C14M; therefore, no metric equivalents are presented in this specification.  
Note 1: This specification is a manufacturing and purchase specification only and does not include requirements for bedding, backfill, or the relationship between field load conditions and the strength classification of pipe. However, experience has shown that the successful performance of this product depends upon the proper selection of the class of pipe, type of bedding and backfill, and care that the installation conforms to the construction specifications. The owner is cautioned that he must correlate the field requirements with the class of pipe specified and provide for or require inspection at the construction site.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Apr-2020
• ICS: 23.040.50 - Pipes and fittings of other materials
• Technical Committee: C13 - Concrete Pipe
• Drafting Committee: C13.01 - Non-Reinforced Concrete Sewer, Drain and Irrigation Pipe

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM C14-15a - Standard Specification for Nonreinforced Concrete Sewer, Storm Drain, and Culvert Pipe
• Effective Date: 01-May-2020
• Refers: ASTM C989/C989M-24 - Standard Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and Mortars
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2024
• Refers: ASTM C497-19a - Standard Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Concrete Box Sections, Manhole Sections, or Tile
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2019
• Refers: ASTM C443-19a - Standard Specification for Joints for Concrete Pipe and Manholes, Using Rubber Gaskets
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2019
• Refers: ASTM C309-19 - Standard Specification for Liquid Membrane-Forming Compounds for Curing Concrete
• Effective Date: 15-Jun-2019
• Refers: ASTM C443-19 - Standard Specification for Joints for Concrete Pipe and Manholes, Using Rubber Gaskets
• Effective Date: 01-May-2019
• Refers: ASTM C150/C150M-19 - Standard Specification for Portland Cement
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2019
• Refers: ASTM C497-19 - Standard Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Concrete Box Sections, Manhole Sections, or Tile
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2019
• Refers: ASTM C497-18b - Standard Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections, or Tile
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2018
• Refers: ASTM C497-18a - Standard Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections, or Tile
• Effective Date: 01-May-2018
• Refers: ASTM C822-18 - Standard Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related Products
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2018
• Refers: ASTM C497-18 - Standard Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections, or Tile
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2018
• Refers: ASTM C618-17 - Standard Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2017
• Refers: ASTM C989/C989M-17 - Standard Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and Mortars
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2017
• Refers: ASTM C443-12(2017) - Standard Specification for Joints for Concrete Pipe and Manholes, Using Rubber Gaskets
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2017

Overview

ASTM C14-20: Standard Specification for Nonreinforced Concrete Sewer, Storm Drain, and Culvert Pipe establishes requirements for the construction, materials, testing, and acceptance of nonreinforced concrete pipes. These pipes are designed for use in the conveyance of sewage, industrial wastes, storm water, and the construction of culverts. Developed by ASTM International, this standard is widely used for specifying quality and performance requirements in the manufacturing and procurement of nonreinforced concrete pipe products for drainage and sewer systems.

Key Topics

• Pipe Classes: ASTM C14-20 specifies three classes of nonreinforced concrete pipe (Class 1, Class 2, and Class 3), each with progressively higher strength requirements.
• Materials Requirements: The concrete must be made from cementitious materials (such as cement, fly ash, slag), mineral aggregates, and water. Combinations of Portland cement, blast furnace slag cement, fly ash, and their blends are permitted under this standard.
• Manufacturing Processes:
  • Mixing and proportioning of materials to achieve specified quality
  • Curing methods, including steam curing, water curing, and membrane curing
  • Formation of pipe shapes, specials, and fittings
• Testing and Acceptance:
  • Strength tests (crushing strength)
  • Absorption, permeability, and hydrostatic tests
  • Dimensional compliance and defect inspection
• Dimensions and Tolerances: The standard sets minimum wall thicknesses, strength values, and internal diameters for each class, as well as permissible variation tolerances.
• Marking and Product Identification: Each pipe section must be clearly marked with class, specification, date of manufacture, manufacturer’s name/trademark, and plant identification.

Applications

ASTM C14-20 nonreinforced concrete pipe is commonly used in:

• Municipal sewer systems: For transporting sanitary waste and stormwater runoff
• Culverts: Integral to roadway and highway infrastructure for water management and drainage
• Storm drains: Essential for urban drainage systems in both public works and private developments
• Industrial waste conveyance: Where nonreinforced concrete is suitable for environmental and flow requirements

These pipes are specified in procurement documents for construction projects where structural loads and soil conditions permit the use of nonreinforced concrete solutions. Proper selection, bedding, backfill, and installation practices are critical for successful performance, as emphasized by the standard.

Related Standards

ASTM C14-20 references multiple related documents to ensure comprehensive quality and compatibility:

• ASTM C33/C33M – Specification for Concrete Aggregates
• ASTM C150/C150M – Specification for Portland Cement
• ASTM C595/C595M – Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
• ASTM C618 – Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Pozzolan
• ASTM C443 – Specification for Joints for Concrete Pipe and Manholes, Using Rubber Gaskets
• ASTM C497 – Test Methods for Concrete Pipe and Box Sections
• ASTM C822 – Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe
• ASTM C1602/C1602M – Specification for Mixing Water Used in Concrete Production

Additionally, a metric version of this standard exists as ASTM C14M.

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Keywords: nonreinforced concrete pipe, sewer pipe specification, ASTM C14-20, concrete culvert pipe, storm drain pipe, drainage infrastructure standards, concrete pipe testing, material requirements, pipe classes, ASTM standards.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:C14 −20
Standard Specification for
Nonreinforced Concrete Sewer, Storm Drain, and Culvert
Pipe
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationC14;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope C309Specification for Liquid Membrane-Forming Com-
pounds for Curing Concrete
1.1 This covers nonreinforced concrete pipe intended to be
C443 Specification for Joints for Concrete Pipe and
used for the conveyance of sewage, industrial wastes, storm
Manholes, Using Rubber Gaskets
water, and for the construction of culverts.
C494/C494MSpecification for Chemical Admixtures for
1.2 Acomplete metric companion to Specification C14 has
Concrete
been developed—C14M; therefore, no metric equivalents are
C497 Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Concrete Box
presented in this specification.
Sections, Manhole Sections, or Tile
C595/C595MSpecification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
NOTE 1—This specification is a manufacturing and purchase specifica-
tion only and does not include requirements for bedding, backfill, or the C618Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined
relationshipbetweenfieldloadconditionsandthestrengthclassificationof
Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
pipe. However, experience has shown that the successful performance of
C822Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related
this product depends upon the proper selection of the class of pipe, type
Products
of bedding and backfill, and care that the installation conforms to the
C989/C989MSpecification for Slag Cement for Use in
construction specifications. The owner is cautioned that he must correlate
the field requirements with the class of pipe specified and provide for or
Concrete and Mortars
require inspection at the construction site.
C1017/C1017MSpecification for Chemical Admixtures for
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded Use in Producing Flowing Concrete
asstandard.Nootherunitsofmeasurementareincludedinthis C1116/C1116MSpecification for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete
standard. C1602/C1602MSpecification for Mixing Water Used in the
Production of Hydraulic Cement Concrete
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3. Terminology
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.1 Definitions—Fordefinitionsoftermsrelatingtoconcrete
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
pipe, see Terminology C822.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4. Classification
2. Referenced Documents
4.1 Pipe manufactured according to this specification shall
2.1 ASTM Standards:
be of three classes identified as “Class 1 Nonreinforced
C33/C33MSpecification for Concrete Aggregates
Concrete Pipe,” “Class 2 Nonreinforced Concrete Pipe,” and
C150/C150MSpecification for Portland Cement
“Class 3 Nonreinforced Concrete Pipe.” The corresponding
C260/C260MSpecification for Air-Entraining Admixtures
strength requirements are prescribed in Table 1.
for Concrete
5. Basis of Acceptance
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 on
5.1 The acceptability of the pipe shall be determined by the
Concrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.01 on
Non-Reinforced Concrete Sewer, Drain and Irrigation Pipe.
resultsofthetestprescribedinthissection,whenrequired,and
Current edition approved May 1, 2020. Published May 2020. Originally
by inspection to determine whether the pipe conforms to this
approved in 1917. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as C14–15a. DOI:
specification as to design and freedom from defects.
10.1520/C0014-20.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5.2 Acceptance as to Strength Properties—Pipe shall be
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
acceptable under the strength tests when they have met the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. requirements as prescribed in 10.2.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C14−20
A
TABLE 1 Physical and Dimensional Requirements for Nonreinforced Concrete Pipe
Class 1 Class 2 Class 3
Internal Designated Minimum Minimum Three-Edge Minimum Minimum Three-Edge Minimum Minimum Three-Edge
Diameter, in. Thickness of Wall, Bearing Strength, Thickness of Wall, Bearing Strength, Thickness of Wall, Bearing Strength,
in. lbf/linear ft in. lbf/linear ft in. lbf/linear ft
5 3 3
4 ⁄8 1500 ⁄4 2000 ⁄4 2400
5 3 7
6 ⁄8 1500 ⁄4 2000 ⁄8 2400
3 7 1
8 ⁄4 1500 ⁄8 2000 1 ⁄8 2400
7 1
10 ⁄8 1600 1 2000 1 ⁄4 2400
3 3
12 1 1800 1 ⁄8 2250 1 ⁄4 2600
1 5 7
15 1 ⁄4 2000 1 ⁄8 2600 1 ⁄8 2900
1 1
18 1 ⁄2 2200 2 3000 2 ⁄4 3300
3 1 3
21 1 ⁄4 2400 2 ⁄4 3300 2 ⁄4 3850
1 3
24 2 ⁄8 2600 3 3600 3 ⁄8 4400
1 3 3
27 3 ⁄4 2800 3 ⁄4 3950 3 ⁄4 4600
1 1 1
30 3 ⁄2 3000 4 ⁄4 4300 4 ⁄4 4750
3 1 1
33 3 ⁄4 3150 4 ⁄2 4400 4 ⁄2 4875
3 3
36 4 3300 4 ⁄4 4500 4 ⁄4 5000
A
Subject to tolerances in Section 11.
5.3 Acceptance as to Absorption Properties—Pipe shall be 6.2.4.8 Acombination of portland-pozzolan cement and fly
acceptable under the absorption test when they have met the ash.
requirements as prescribed in 10.3.
6.3 Aggregates—Aggregates shall conform to Specification
5.4 Acceptance as to Permeability Properties—Pipeshallbe C33/C33M, except that the requirement for gradation shall not
acceptable under the permeability test when they have met the apply.
requirements as prescribed in 10.4.
6.4 Admixtures—The following admixtures and blends are
allowable:
NOTE 2—Prior to purchase, the owner has the option to specify the
hydrostatic test prescribed in 10.5 instead of the permeability test.
6.4.1 Air-entraining admixture conforming to Specification
C260/C260M;
5.5 Acceptance as to Hydrostatic Properties—Pipe shall be
6.4.2 Chemical admixture conforming to Specification
acceptable under the hydrostatic test when they have met the
C494/C494M;
requirements as prescribed in 10.5.
6.4.3 Chemical admixture for use in producing flowing
6. Materials
concrete conforming to Specification C1017/C1017M; and
6.4.4 Chemical admixture or blend approved by the owner.
6.1 Concrete—The concrete shall consist of cementitious
materials, mineral aggregates, admixtures, if used, and water.
6.5 Fibers—Synthetic fibers and Non-Synthetic fibers shall
beallowedtobeused,atthemanufacturer’soption,inconcrete
6.2 Cementitious Materials:
pipeasanonstructuralmanufacturingmaterial.Syntheticfibers
6.2.1 Cement—Cement shall conform to the requirements
(Type II and Type III) and Non-Synthetic fiber (Type I)
for portland cement of Specification C150/C150M or shall be
designedandmanufacturedspecificallyforuseinconcreteand
portlandblast-furnaceslagcement,portland-limestonecement,
conforming to the requirements of Specification C1116/
or portland-pozzolan cement conforming to the requirements
C1116M shall be accepted.
of Specification C595/C595M, except that the pozzolan con-
stituent in the Type IP portland-pozzolan cement shall be fly 6.6 Water—Water used in the production of concrete shall
ash.
be potable or nonpotable water that meets the requirements of
6.2.2 Fly Ash—Fly ash shall conform to the requirements of
Specification C1602/C1602M.
Specification C618, Class F or Class C.
6.2.3 Slag Cement—Slag cement shall conform to the re- 7. Design
quirementsofGrade100or120ofSpecificationC989/C989M.
7.1 Design Tables—Design requirements shall be in accor-
6.2.4 Allowable Combinations of Cementitious Materials—
dance with Table 1. Wall thickness used shall be not less than
Thecombinationofcementitiousmaterialsusedintheconcrete
the value shown, except as affected by the tolerance herein
shall be one of the following:
specified and by the provision for modified design.
6.2.4.1 Portland cement only,
7.2 Modified or Special Design—Manufacturers shall sub-
6.2.4.2 Portland blast-furnace slag cement only,
mit to the owner for approval, prior to manufacture, wall
6.2.4.3 Portland-pozzolan cement only,
thicknesses other than those shown in Table 1. Such pipe shall
6.2.4.4 Portland-limestone cement only,
meet all of the physical requirements listed in Section 10 that
6.2.4.5 A combination of portland cement or portland-
are specified by the owner.
limestone cement and fly ash,
6.2.4.6 A combination of portland cement or portland-
8. Joints
limestone cement and slag cement,
6.2.4.7 A combination of portland cement or portland- 8.1 The joints shall be of such design and the ends of the
limestone cement, fly ash, and slag cement, or concrete pipe sections so formed, that the pipe can be laid
C14−20
together to make a continuous line of pipe compatible with the 10. Requirements
permissible variations given in Section 11.
10.1 Test Specimen—The specified number of pipe required
forthetestsshallbefurnishedbythemanufacturerandshallbe
9. Manufacture
selected at random by the owner, and shall be pipe that would
nototherwiseberejectedunderthisspecification.Theselection
9.1 Mixture—The aggregates shall be sized, graded,
shall be made at the point or points designated by the owner
proportioned,andmixedwithsuchproportionsofcementitious
when placing the order. The test pipe shall first be freed from
materials, water, and admixtures, if any, to produce a thor-
allvisiblemoisture.Whendry,eachpipeshallbemeasuredand
oughly mixed concrete of such quality that the pipe will
inspected. The results of these observations shall be recorded.
conform to the test and design requirements of this specifica-
10.1.1 Number and Type of Test Specimens Required for
tion. All concrete shall have a water-cementitious materials
Small Orders—Small orders are those that consist of less than
ratio not exceeding 0.53 by weight. Cementitious materials
100piecesofeachsizeandclassofpipe.Theownerofsuchan
shall be as specified in 6.2 and shall be added to the mix in a
order shall be entitled to copies of test reports as are routinely
proportion not less than 470 lb/yd unless mix designs with a
performed on the particular lot, as required by the type and
lower cementitious material content demonstrate that the
basis of acceptance specified by the owner in Section 5. A lot
quality and performance of the pipe meet the requirements of
shall include up to five consecutive days of production, or 100
this specification.
pieces, whichever is greater, provided the process and mix
9.2 Curing—Pipe shall be subjected to any one of the
design is not altered in any way between production days.
methods of curing described in 9.2.1, 9.2.2, 9.2.3, 9.2.4,orto
10.1.2 Number and Type of Test Specimens Required for
any other method or combination of methods approved by the
Large Orders—The manufacturer shall furnish pipe for crush-
owner that will give satisfactory results. The pipe shall be
ing
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C14 − 15a C14 − 20
Standard Specification for
Nonreinforced Concrete Sewer, Storm Drain, and Culvert
Pipe
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C14; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This covers nonreinforced concrete pipe intended to be used for the conveyance of sewage, industrial wastes, storm water,
and for the construction of culverts.
1.2 A complete metric companion to Specification C14 has been developed—C14M; therefore, no metric equivalents are
presented in this specification.
NOTE 1—This specification is a manufacturing and purchase specification only and does not include requirements for bedding, backfill, or the
relationship between field load conditions and the strength classification of pipe. However, experience has shown that the successful performance of this
product depends upon the proper selection of the class of pipe, type of bedding and backfill, and care that the installation conforms to the construction
specifications. The owner is cautioned that he must correlate the field requirements with the class of pipe specified and provide for or require inspection
at the construction site.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C33/C33M Specification for Concrete Aggregates
C150/C150M Specification for Portland Cement
C260/C260M Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Concrete
C309 Specification for Liquid Membrane-Forming Compounds for Curing Concrete
C443 Specification for Joints for Concrete Pipe and Manholes, Using Rubber Gaskets
C494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete
C497 Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Concrete Box Sections, Manhole Sections, or Tile
C595/C595M Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
C618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
C822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related Products
C989/C989M Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and Mortars
C1017/C1017M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Use in Producing Flowing Concrete
C1116/C1116M Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete
C1602/C1602M Specification for Mixing Water Used in the Production of Hydraulic Cement Concrete
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms relating to concrete pipe, see Terminology C822.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 on Concrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.01 on Non-Reinforced
Concrete Sewer, Drain and Irrigation Pipe.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2015May 1, 2020. Published October 2015May 2020. Originally approved in 1917. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as
C14 – 15.C14 – 15a. DOI: 10.1520/C0014-15A.10.1520/C0014-20.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C14 − 20
4. Classification
4.1 Pipe manufactured according to this specification shall be of three classes identified as “Class 1 Nonreinforced Concrete
Pipe,” “Class 2 Nonreinforced Concrete Pipe,” and “Class 3 Nonreinforced Concrete Pipe.” The corresponding strength
requirements are prescribed in Table 1.
5. Basis of Acceptance
5.1 The acceptability of the pipe shall be determined by the results of the test prescribed in this section, when required, and by
inspection to determine whether the pipe conforms to this specification as to design and freedom from defects.
5.2 Acceptance as to Strength Properties—Pipe shall be acceptable under the strength tests when they have met the requirements
as prescribed in 10.310.2.
5.3 Acceptance as to Absorption Properties—Pipe shall be acceptable under the absorption test when they have met the
requirements as prescribed in 10.410.3.
5.4 Acceptance as to Permeability Properties—Pipe shall be acceptable under the permeability test when they have met the
requirements as prescribed in 10.510.4.
NOTE 2—Prior to purchase, the owner has the option to specify the hydrostatic test prescribed in 10.610.5 instead of the permeability test.
5.5 Acceptance as to Hydrostatic Properties—Pipe shall be acceptable under the hydrostatic test when they have met the
requirements as prescribed in 10.610.5.
6. Materials
6.1 Concrete—The concrete shall consist of cementitious materials, mineral aggregates, admixtures, if used, and water.
6.2 Cementitious Materials:
6.2.1 Cement—Cement shall conform to the requirements for portland cement of Specification C150/C150M or shall be
portland blast-furnace slag cement, portland-limestone cement, or portland-pozzolan cement conforming to the requirements of
Specification C595/C595M, except that the pozzolan constituent in the Type IP portland-pozzolan cement shall be fly ash.
6.2.2 Fly Ash—Fly ash shall conform to the requirements of Specification C618, Class F or Class C.
6.2.3 Slag Cement—Slag cement shall conform to the requirements of Grade 100 or 120 of Specification C989/C989M.
6.2.4 Allowable Combinations of Cementitious Materials—The combination of cementitious materials used in the concrete shall
be one of the following:
6.2.4.1 Portland cement only,
6.2.4.2 Portland blast-furnace slag cement only,
6.2.4.3 Portland-pozzolan cement only,
6.2.4.4 Portland-limestone cement only,
6.2.4.5 A combination of portland cement or portland-limestone cement and fly ash,
6.2.4.6 A combination of portland cement or portland-limestone cement and slag cement,
6.2.4.7 A combination of portland cement or portland-limestone cement, fly ash, and slag cement, or
6.2.4.8 A combination of portland-pozzolan cement and fly ash.
6.3 Aggregates—Aggregates shall conform to Specification C33/C33M, except that the requirement for gradation shall not
apply.
A
TABLE 1 Physical and Dimensional Requirements for Nonreinforced Concrete Pipe
Class 1 Class 2 Class 3
Internal Designated Minimum Minimum Three-Edge Minimum Minimum Three-Edge Minimum Minimum Three-Edge
Diameter, in. Thickness of Wall, Bearing Strength, Thickness of Wall, Bearing Strength, Thickness of Wall, Bearing Strength,
in. lbf/linear ft in. lbf/linear ft in. lbf/linear ft
5 3 3
4 ⁄8 1500 ⁄4 2000 ⁄4 2400
5 3 7
6 ⁄8 1500 ⁄4 2000 ⁄8 2400
3 7 1
8 ⁄4 1500 ⁄8 2000 1 ⁄8 2400
7 1
10 ⁄8 1600 1 2000 1 ⁄4 2400
3 3
12 1 1800 1 ⁄8 2250 1 ⁄4 2600
1 5 7
15 1 ⁄4 2000 1 ⁄8 2600 1 ⁄8 2900
1 1
18 1 ⁄2 2200 2 3000 2 ⁄4 3300
3 1 3
21 1 ⁄4 2400 2 ⁄4 3300 2 ⁄4 3850
1 3
24 2 ⁄8 2600 3 3600 3 ⁄8 4400
1 3 3
27 3 ⁄4 2800 3 ⁄4 3950 3 ⁄4 4600
1 1 1
30 3 ⁄2 3000 4 ⁄4 4300 4 ⁄4 4750
3 1 1
33 3 ⁄4 3150 4 ⁄2 4400 4 ⁄2 4875
3 3
36 4 3300 4 ⁄4 4500 4 ⁄4 5000
A
Subject to tolerances in Section 11.
C14 − 20
6.4 Admixtures—The following admixtures and blends are allowable:
6.4.1 Air-entraining admixture conforming to Specification C260/C260M;
6.4.2 Chemical admixture conforming to Specification C494/C494M;
6.4.3 Chemical admixture for use in producing flowing concrete conforming to Specification C1017/C1017M; and
6.4.4 Chemical admixture or blend approved by the owner.
6.5 Fibers—Synthetic fibers and Non-Synthetic fibers shall be allowed to be used, at the manufacturer’s option, in concrete pipe
as a nonstructural manufacturing material. Synthetic fibers (Type II and Type III) and Non-Synthetic fiber (Type I) designed and
manufactured specifically for use in concrete and conforming to the requirements of Specification C1116/C1116M shall be
accepted.
6.6 Water—Water used in the production of concrete shall be potable or nonpotable water that meets the requirements of
Specification C1602/C1602M.
7. Design
7.1 Design Tables—Design requirements shall be in accordance with Table 1. Wall thickness used shall be not less than the value
shown, except as affected by the tolerance herein specified and by the provision for modified design.
7.2 Modified or Special Design—Manufacturers shall submit to the owner for approval, prior to manufacture, wall thicknesses
other than those shown in Table 1. Such pipe shall meet all of the physical requirements listed in Section 10 that are specified by
the owner.
8. Joints
8.1 The joints shall be of such design and the ends of the concrete pipe sections so formed, that the pipe can be laid together
to make a continuous line of pipe compatible with the permissible variations given in Section 11.
9. Manufacture
9.1 Mixture—The aggregates shall be sized, graded, proportioned, and mixed with such proportions of cementitious materials,
water, and admixtures, if any, to produce a thoroughly mixed concrete of such quality that the pipe will conform to the test and
design requirements of this specification. All concrete shall have a water-cementitious materials ratio not exceeding 0.53 by weight.
Cementitious materials shall be as specified in 6.2 and shall be added to the mix in a proportion not less than 470 lb/yd unless
mix designs with a lower cementitious material content demonstrate that the quality and performance of the pipe meet the
requirements of this specification.
9.2 Curing—Pipe shall be subjected to any one of the methods of curing described in 9.2.1, 9.2.2, 9.2.3, 9.2.4, or to any other
method or combination of methods approved by the owner that will give satisfactory results. The pipe shall be adequately cured
to obtain the strength properties as described in 5.2.
9.2.1 Steam Curing—Pipe shall be placed in a curing chamber, free from outside drafts, and cured in a moist atmosphere
maintained by the injection of steam for such time and such temperature as needed to enable the pipe to meet the strength
requirements. The curing chamber shall be so constructed as to allow full circulation of steam around the entire pipe.
9.2.2 Water Curing—Concrete pipe shall be water-cured by covering with water-saturated material or by a system of perforated
pipes, mechanical sprinklers, porous hose, or by any other approved method that will keep the pipe moist during the specified
curing period.
9.2.3 The manufacturer is not prohibited from combining the methods described in 9.2.1 and 9.2.2 provided the specified
strength is attained.
9.2.4 Membrane Curing—A sealing membrane conforming to the requirements of Specification C309 is not prohibited from
being applied and left intact until the specified strength requirements are met. The concrete at the time of application shall be within
10°F of the atmospheric temperature. All surfaces shall be kept moist prior to the application of the compounds and shall be damp
when the compound is applied.
9.3 Specials:
9.3.1 General Requirements—Special shapes or fittings such as wyes, tees, bends, and adapters for use with concrete pipe
conforming to this specification shall conform to the applicable requirements for concrete pipe of corresponding class and internal
diameter. Joints shall be compatible with those used in adjoining concrete pipes.
9.3.2 Fabricated Branch
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