ASTM D2923-08
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Rigidity of Polyolefin Film and Sheeting
Standard Test Method for Rigidity of Polyolefin Film and Sheeting
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The rigidity of a polyolefin web can affect its machinability, particularly on those packaging machines where a cut portion of a web is required to remain flat momentarily without being supported on all sides.
Rigidity is not a simple property since it depends on two other properties of the sample: the thickness (gauge), and the stiffness which is an inherent property of the material of which the film or sheet is made. The combined effect of these two factors is the rigidity that influences performance on converting machines.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes two procedures for measuring the rigidity of polyolefin film and sheeting.
1.2 Procedure A prescribes a procedure using high-voltage static eliminators and the use of TFE-fluorocarbon -coated plates to overcome the spurious effects of static electricity and friction.
1.3 Procedure B prescribes the use of a fine powder on uncoated plates to achieve a similar effect.
Note 1—Although the two procedures are designed to achieve similar effect, they may not achieve the same results.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 2—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
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Designation:D2923 −08
StandardTest Method for
1
Rigidity of Polyolefin Film and Sheeting
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2923; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 3.1.1 rigidity—that combination of thickness and inherent
stiffness of a polyolefin film or sheet which resists flexure.
1.1 This test method describes two procedures for measur-
ing the rigidity of polyolefin film and sheeting.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.2 Procedure A prescribes a procedure using high-voltage
2
4.1 The resistance to flexure of the sample is measured by a
static eliminators and the use of TFE-fluorocarbon -coated
plates to overcome the spurious effects of static electricity and strain gauge affixed to the end of a beam, the opposite end of
which flexes the sample by forcing it into a groove or slot in a
friction.
horizontal platform upon which the sample rests.An indicating
1.3 Procedure B prescribes the use of a fine powder on
microammeter, wired to the strain gauge, is calibrated in grams
uncoated plates to achieve a similar effect.
of load sensed by the strain gauge. The rigidity is read directly
NOTE 1—Although the two procedures are designed to achieve similar
from the meter and expressed as grams per centimetre of
effect, they may not achieve the same results.
sample width.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
5. Significance and Use
only.
5.1 The rigidity of a polyolefin web can affect its
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
machinability, particularly on those packaging machines where
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
a cut portion of a web is required to remain flat momentarily
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
without being supported on all sides.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5.2 Rigidity is not a simple property since it depends on two
other properties of the sample: the thickness (gauge), and the
NOTE 2—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
stiffness which is an inherent property of the material of which
the film or sheet is made. The combined effect of these two
2. Referenced Documents
factorsistherigiditythatinfluencesperformanceonconverting
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
machines.
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
4
D1898 Practice for Sampling of Plastics (Withdrawn 1998)
6. Interferences
3. Terminology
6.1 Static electricity has considerable influence on the
measured rigidity. It contributes to poor precision and
3.1 Definitions:
accuracy, frequently giving results biased toward the high side.
6.2 To a lesser extent, precision and accuracy are adversely
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics
affected by the frictional properties of the sample, particularly
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.19 on Film, Sheeting, and
when the coefficient of friction is close to 1.
Molded Products.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2008. Published November 2008. Originally
6.3 The interference caused by the level of static electricity
approved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D2923 - 06. DOI:
and friction of the specimen is overcome in Procedure A by
10.1520/D2923-08.
2
electrically destaticizing the sample and using TFE-
This test method is based on the use of Teflon, a registered trademark of E. I.
duPont de Nemours & Co.
fluorocarbon-coated plates and in Procedure B by dusting the
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
platform with a fine powder at the start of the test.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
7. Apparatus
4
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. 7.1 Procedure A:
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D2923−08
7.1.1 Handle-O-Meter, or equivalent, with TFE- 11.1.3 With the penetrator beam raised above the slot, lay
fluorocarbon-coated plates complete with calibrating and aug- the test specimen on the platform of the instrument so that the
5
menting weights. length of the slot is at right angles to the machine direction of
7.1.2 Cutting Board or Te
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D2923–06 Designation: D 2923 – 08
Standard Test Method for
1
Rigidity of Polyolefin Film and Sheeting
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2923; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method describes two procedures for measuring the rigidity of polyolefin film and sheeting.
2
1.2 ProcedureAprescribes a procedure using high-voltage static eliminators and the use of TFE-fluorocarbon -coated plates to
overcome the spurious effects of static electricity and friction.
1.3 Procedure B prescribes the use of a fine powder on uncoated plates to achieve a similar effect.
NOTE 1—Although the two procedures are designed to achieve similar effect, they may not achieve the same results.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in bracketsparentheses are for information
only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
NOTE 2—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
4
D 1898 Practice for Sampling of Plastics
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 rigidity—that combination of thickness and inherent stiffness of a polyolefin film or sheet which resists flexure.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The resistance to flexure of the sample is measured by a strain gauge affixed to the end of a beam, the opposite end of which
flexes the sample by forcing it into a groove or slot in a horizontal platform upon which the sample rests. An indicating
microammeter, wired to the strain gauge, is calibrated in grams of load sensed by the strain gauge. The rigidity is read directly
from the meter and expressed as grams per centimetre of sample width.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The rigidity of a polyolefin web can affect its machinability, particularly on those packaging machines where a cut portion
of a web is required to remain flat momentarily without being supported on all sides.
5.2 Rigidity is not a simple property since it depends on two other properties of the sample: the thickness (gauge), and the
stiffness which is an inherent property of the material of which the film or sheet is made. The combined effect of these two factors
is the rigidity that influences performance on converting machines.
6. Interferences
6.1 Static electricity has considerable influence on the measured rigidity. It contributes to poor precision and accuracy,
frequently giving results biased toward the high side.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.19 on Film and Sheeting .
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2006.1, 2008. Published November 2006.2008. Originally approved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 20012006 as
D 2923 - 016.
2
This test method is based on the use of Teflon, a registered trademark of E. I. duPont de Nemours & Co.
3
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
4
Withdrawn.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2923–08
6.2 To a lesser extent, precision and accuracy are adversely affected by the frictional properties of the sample, particularly when
the coefficient of friction is close to 1.
6.3 The interference caused by the level of static electricity and friction of the specimen is overcome in Procedure A by
electrically destaticizing the sample and using TFE-fluorocarbon-coated plates and in Procedure B by dusting the platform with
a fine powder at the start of the test.
2
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
D2923–08
7. Apparatus
7.1 Procedure A:
5
7.1.1 Handle-O-Meter, or equivalent, withTFE-fluorocarbon-coated pl
...
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