ASTM D6361-98

Standard Guide for Selecting Cleaning Agents and Processes

SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended to assist design engineers, manufacturing/industrial engineers, and production managers in selecting the best fit cleaning agent and process. This guide takes into account environmental pollution prevention factors in a selection process.
1.2 This guide is not to be considered as a database of acceptable materials. It will guide the engineers and managers through the cleaning material selection process, calling for engineers to customize their selection based on the cleaning requirements for the cleaning tasks at hand. If a part can be cleaned, and kept clean, it can be cycled through several process steps that have cleaning requirements. This eliminates extra cleaning process steps during the total process. A total life cycle cost analysis or performance/cost of ownership study is recommended to compare the methods available.
1.3 This guide is for general industry manufacturing, equipment maintenance and remanufacturing operations, and to some extent precision cleaning of mechanical parts and assemblies. It is not intended to be used for optical, medical, or electronics applications, nor is it intended for dry-cleaning or super-critical fluid cleaning.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Dec-1998
• ICS: 71.100.40 - Surface active agents
• Technical Committee: D26 - Halogenated Organic Solvents and Fire Extinguishing Agents
• Drafting Committee: D26.03 - Cold Cleaning

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM D6361-98(2004)e1 - Standard Guide for Selecting Cleaning Agents and Processes
• Effective Date: 01-May-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D6465-99(2016) - Standard Guide for Selecting Aerospace and General Purpose Adhesives and Sealants
• Effective Date: 10-Dec-1998

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D 6361 – 98
Standard Guide for
Selecting Cleaning Agents and Processes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6361; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D 3278 Test Methods for Flash Point of Liquids by Set-
aflash Closed-Cup Apperatus
1.1 This guide is intended to assist design engineers,
D 3519 Test Method for Foam in Aqueous Media (Blender
manufacturing/industrial engineers, and production managers
Test)
in selecting the best fit cleaning agent and process. This guide
D 3601 Test Method for Foam Aqueous Media (Bottle
takes into account environmental pollution prevention factors
Test)
in a selection process.
D 3707 Test Method for Storage Stability of Water-in-Oil
1.2 This guide is not to be considered as a database of
Emulsions by the Oven Test Method
acceptable materials. It will guide the engineers and managers
D 3709 Test Method for Stability of Water-in-Oil Emul-
through the cleaning material selection process, calling for
sions Under Low to Ambient Temperature Cycling Con-
engineers to customize their selection based on the cleaning
ditions
requirements for the cleaning tasks at hand. If a part can be
D 3762 Test Method for Adhesive-Bonded Surface Durabil-
cleaned, and kept clean, it can be cycled through several
ity of Aluminum (Wedge Test)
process steps that have cleaning requirements. This eliminates
E 70 Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions with the
extra cleaning process steps during the total process. A total life
Glass Electrode
cycle cost analysis or performance/cost of ownership study is
E 1720 Test Method for Determining Ready, Ultimate Bio-
recommended to compare the methods available.
degradability of Organic Chemicals in a Sealed Vessel,
1.3 This guide is for general industry manufacturing, equip-
CO Production Test
ment maintenance and remanufacturing operations, and to
F 483 Test Method for Total Immersion Corrosion Test for
some extent precision cleaning of mechanical parts and assem-
Aircraft Maintenance Chemicals
blies. It is not intended to be used for optical, medical, or
F 484 Test Method for Stress Crazing of Acrylic Plastics in
electronics applications, nor is it intended for dry-cleaning or
Contact With Liquid or Semi-Liquid Compounds
super-critical fluid cleaning.
F 485 Test Method for Effects of Cleaners on Unpainted
2. Referenced Documents
Aircraft Surfaces
F 502 Test Method for Effects of Cleaning and Chemical
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Maintenance Materials on Painted Aircraft Surfaces
D 56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Tester
F 519 Test Method for Mechanical Hydrogen Embrittlment
D 92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Point by Cleveland
Evaluation of Plating Processes and Service Environ-
Open Cup
ments
D 93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
F 945 Test Method for Stress-Corrosion of Titanium Alloys
Closed Cup Tester
by Aircraft Engine Cleaning Materials
D 930 Test Method of Total Immersion Corrosion Test of
F 1104 Test Method for Preparing Aircraft Cleaning Com-
Water Soluble Aluminum Cleaners
pounds, Liquid Type Water Base, for Storage Stability
D 2240 Test Method for Rubber Property—Durometer
Testing
Hardness
F 1110 Test Method for Sandwich Corrosion Test
D 3167 Test Method for Floating Roller Peel Resistance of
F 1111 Test Method for Corrosion of Low Embrittling
Adhesives
Cadmium Plate by Aircraft Maintenance Chemicals
G 44 Practice for Evaluating Stress Corrosion Cracking
Resistance of Metals and Alloys by Alternate Immersion in
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-26 on Halogenated
Organic Solvents and Fire Extinguishing Agents and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D26.03 on Cold Cleaning.
Current edition approved Dec. 10, 1998. Published March 1999. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01.
2 7
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02.
3 8
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.04. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.05.
4 9
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 09.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.05.
5 10
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.06. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.03.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 6361
3.5 % Sodium Chloride Solution successful use of this guide. Section 6 will provide greater
G 121 Practice for Preparation of Contaminated Test Cou- details on both the user input and the guidance provided.
pons for Evaluation of Cleaning Agents
5. Significance and Use
G 122 Test Method for Evaluating the Effectiveness of
Cleaning Agents 5.1 This guide is to be used by anyone developing cleaning
requirements for specifications for manufacturing, mainte-
2.2 Other Documents:
Aerospace Material Specification (AMS) 3204/AMS 3209 nance, or overhaul. This guide has been designed to be
application specific for each cleaning task and to assure the
Test for Rubber Compatibility
ARP 1795 StockLoss Corrosion design engineer that the process selected by the industrial or
manufacturing engineer will be compatible with both the part
FAA Technical Bulletin
2.3 Military Standards: material and the subsequent process(es). This guide allows the
industrial or manufacturing engineer to customize the selection
MIL-S-8802
MIL-S-81722 of the cleaning product based on the materials of the part being
cleaned; the cleanliness required for the subsequent pro-
MIL-W-81381/11-20
cess(es); and the environmental, cost, and health and safety
3. Terminology
concerns.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
6. Procedure
3.1.1 cleaning effıciency, n—the measure of how well a
6.1 Step 1—Define the Requirements of the Facility—The
cleaning agent is able to clean a substrate.
first step taken in selecting a replacement cleaner is to
3.1.2 level of cleanliness, n—the degree to which a part
determine which cleaners or classes of cleaners are acceptable
must be cleaned in order to perform successfully in subsequent
to the requirements of the facility. These requirements include
manufacturing or maintenance procedures, or to perform ad-
environmental, safety, and health requirements and the physi-
equately in its final application.
cal and chemical properties of the cleaner itself.
3.1.3 pre-cleaning, n—the initial cleaning step to remove
6.1.1 Environmental, Safety, and Health Requirements—
gross contaminants prior to a precision cleaning process.
Table 2 presents some of the more common concerns regarding
4. Summary of Guide cleaning agents and their effects on the environment, and
worker safety and health. To use Table 2, the engineer should
4.1 The following is a summary of the five step approach for
find their concerns on the left-hand column and ensure that the
selecting general cleaning agents and processes for use in
cleaner meets the requirements listed in the right-hand column.
manufacturing, overhaul, and maintenance in industrial opera-
6.1.2 Physical and Chemical Properties—Table 3 presents
tion. For each step, the user of the guide will provide specific
some of the more common concerns regarding cleaning agents
information on a particular aspect of their process. Then, the
and their physical and chemical properties, and the correspond-
user should consult the guide, which will provide appropriate
ing tests required to evaluate those properties. To use Table 3,
guidance on evaluation criteria that should be followed in order
the engineer should find their concern(s) on the left-hand
to evaluate the potential cleaning agents. Table 1 provides a
column and require the data from evaluations of the specifica-
summary of the user-defined requirements information and the
tions listed in the remainder of the row. Please note that this
procedures to be provided by this guide. The order of the steps
guide does not provide values for the inspection results. These
presented in Table 1 is suggested, but not crucial to the
values are to be determined by the engineer based on the
specific requirements of the operation.
6.2 Step 2—Determine Materials of the Parts Being
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.02. Cleaned to Ascertain Material Compatibility Test
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
Requirements—The second step in using this guide is to
determine the material, or materials of the parts, being cleaned.
TABLE 1 Summary of Guide
The information will provide the engineer with the material
Step Defined User Requirements Procedure
compatibility test data required to ensure the cleaner will not
1 Define the ESH, physical and Physical and Chemical Properties damage the parts being cleaned. Table 4 presents a table to be
chemical requirements of the Test—Verify that the prospective
used to determine the required material compatibility tests. To
facility agent is acceptable.
use Table 4, select the material type from the left-hand column.
2 Define the material(s) to be Material Compatibility Test(s)—
cleaned Verify that the prospective agent
will not harm the component(s)
TABLE 2 Environmental, Safety, and Health Requirements
being cleaned.
3 Determine shape of part (part Applicable processes and Concern Requirement
geometry) equipment Environment Compliance with all federal, state, and local laws
4 Define the reason for cleaning Performance Testing—Verify that and regulations concerning the procurement, use,
the prospective agent and and disposal of the cleaning agent and associated
process will perform to the materials.
desired level of cleanliness for the Worker safety and health Compliance with OSHA regulations, provide
particular cleaning application. sufficient personal protective equipment to ensure
5 Select cleaner Validate environment, cost, and the health and safety risks of using the cleaning
worker health and safety. agent are minimized.
D 6361
TABLE 3 Physical and Chemical Properties
TABLE 4 Continued
Concern ASTM Standard
Material Type Short Title Standard
Flash point D 56
Stock Loss Corrosion or ARP 1795
D92
Effects on Unpainted Surfaces ASTM F 485
D93
Hydrogen Embrittlement ASTM F 519
D 3278
Sandwich Corrosion ASTM F 1110
A
Stress Corrosion of Titanium ASTM F 945
pH value E 70
Low-Embrittling Cadmium Plate ASTM F 1111
Corrosion
Foaming properties D 3519
Stress Corrosion ASTM G 44
D 3601
(Modified, see
Appendix X2)
Biodegradability E 1720
Iron Total Immersion Corrosion or ASTM D 930/ASTM
Storage stability D 3707
F 483
F 1104
Stock Loss Corrosion or ARP 1795
Effects on Unpainted Surfaces ASTM F 485
Temperature stability D 3709
Hydrogen Embrittlement ASTM F 519
Sandwich Corrosion ASTM F 1110
Low-Embrittling Cadmium Plate ASTM F 1111
Corrosion
The remaining information in the corresponding row provides
Stress Corrosion ASTM G 44
(Modified, see
the short title and the specification number for each of the tests
Appendix X2)
that must be performed in order to ensure material compatibil-
ity with the cleaning agent. It is important to note that alloys
Aluminum Total Immersion Corrosion or ASTM D 930/ASTM
F 483
behave differently than pure metals and different alloys behave
Stock Loss Corrosion or ARP 1795
differently than other alloys; therefore, specific alloys must be
Effects on Unpainted Surfaces ASTM F 485
utilized when conducting these compatibility tests. If data are
Sandwich Corrosion ASTM F 1110
Stress Corrosion ASTM G 44
not available on a specific alloy with a specific cleaner, the data
(Modified, see
must be developed prior to the use of the cleaner.
Appendix X2)
Magnesium Total Immersion Corrosion or ASTM D 930/ASTM
TABLE 4 Material Compatibility Requirements
F 483
Stock Loss Corrosion or ARP 1795
Material Type Short Title Standard
Effects on Unpainted Surfaces ASTM F 485
Steel Total Immersion Corrosion or ASTM D 930/ASTM Sandwich Corrosion ASTM F 1110
F 483 Stress Corrosion ASTM G 44
Stock Loss Corrosion or ARP 1795 (Modified, see
Effects on Unpainted Surfaces ASTM F 485 Appendix X2)
Hydrogen Embrittlement ASTM F 519
Sandwich Corrosion ASTM F 1110 Brass and bronze Total Immersion Corrosion or ASTM D 930/ASTM
Low-Embrittling Cadmium Plate ASTM F 1111 F 483
Corrosion Stock Loss Corrosion or ARP 1795
Stress Corrosion ASTM G 44 Effects on Unpainted Surfaces ASTM F 485
(Modified, see Sandwich Corrosion ASTM F 1110
Appendix X2) Stress Corrosion ASTM G 44
(Modified, see
Cobalt alloys Total Immersion Corrosion or ASTM D 930/ASTM Appendix X2)
F 483
Stock Loss Corrosion or ARP 1795 Copper and alloys Total Immersion Corrosion or ASTM D 930/ASTM
Effects on Unpainted Surfaces ASTM F 485 F 483
Hydrogen Embrittlement ASTM F 519 Stock Loss Corrosion or ARP 1795
Sandwich Corrosion ASTM F 1110 Effects on Unpainted Surfaces ASTM F 485
Low-Embrittling Cadmium Plate ASTM F 1111 Sandwich Corrosion ASTM F 1110
Corrosion Stress Corrosion ASTM G 44
Stress Corrosion ASTM G 44 (Modified, see
(Modified, see Appendix X2)
Appendix X2)
Epoxy matrix with Total Immersion Corrosion or ASTM D 930/ASTM
Nickel alloys Total Immersion Corrosion or ASTM D 930/ASTM metals F 483
F 483 Stock Loss Corrosion or ARP 1795
Stock Loss Corrosion or ARP 1795 Effects on Unpainted Surfaces ASTM F 485
Effects on Unpainted Surfaces ASTM F 485 Hydrogen Embrittlement ASTM F 519
Hydrogen Embrittlement ASTM F 519 Sandwich Corrosion ASTM F 1110
Sandwich Corrosion ASTM F 1110 Low-Embrittling Cadmium Plate ASTM F 1111
Low-Embrittling Cadmium Plate ASTM F 1111 Corrosion
Corrosion Stress Corrosion ASTM G 44
Stress Corrosion ASTM G 44 (Modified, see
(Modified, see Appendix X2)
Appendix X2)
Rubber compounds Effects on Unpainted Surfaces ASTM F 485
Titanium alloys Total Immersion Corrosion or ASTM D 930/ASTM Rubber Compatibility AMS 3204/3209
F 483 Rubber Property—Durometer ASTM D 2240
D 6361
acceptable for that part shape. Please note that process equip-
TABLE 4 Continued
ment material compatibility with the cleaning agent also must
Material Type Short Title Standard
be performed in the same manner as for parts to be cleaned (see
6.2).
Thermoset plastics Stress Crazing of Acrylic Plastics ASTM F 484
Rubber Property—Durometer ASTM D 2240 6.4 Step 4–Define the Reason for Cleaning to Determine
Performance Requirements—The next step in selecting a
Thermo plastics Stress Crazing of Acrylic Plastics ASTM F 484
cleaning agent is to define the reason for cleaning. Different
Rubber Propery—Durometer ASTM D 2240
cleaning applications require varying levels of cleanliness. The
...